鼠多瘤病毒样颗粒及其在疫苗开发等方面的研究进展

鼠多瘤病毒(murine polyomavirus,MPV)的病毒样颗粒(virus-like particle,VLP)是通过MPV的衣壳结构蛋白VP1自组装而成的球形纳米壳状结构. MPV VLP具有独特的纳米结构,在一定条件下能够进行体内或体外自组装,具有丰富的可修饰位点.因此,容易通过结构的修饰改造实现MPV VLP在诸多领域的应用.本文从MPV VLP的结构特点着眼,回顾MPV VLP的发现历程,介绍MPV VLP的制备表达系统和组装机理,综述MPV VLP的修饰.重点介绍化学修饰和基因工程修饰方法,并通过实例阐述MPV VLP在疫苗开发、药物及其他分子载体等领域的应用及其研究进展.基于对已有研究进展的分析,指出大规模生产、组装机理解析及其应用研究的关键环节,服务于MPV VLP的应用开发.

Research Progress of Murine Polyomavirus Virus-like Particle and Its Application in Vaccine Development

The virus-like particle (VLP) of murine polyomavirus (MPV) is a spherical shell with nanostructure. It assembles from protein VP1, the major structural protein of capsid. MPV VLP has a unique nanostructure that can self-assemble in vivo or in vitro and many sites that can be modified. The special architecture make it an ideal nanoscale model in scientific fields such as biochemistry. With the modification of the protein capsid and the transformation of the core cavity, researchers have developed a series of vaccines, multifunctional diagnostic agents and versatile nanocage systems. Recent studies of MPV VLP modification have focused on the interface modification between subunits to facilitate the assemble process, and the interior or exterior modification to develop diverse applications. This paper reviews the structural characteristics of MPV VLP, and briefly introduces the expression systems and assembly mechanism. The modification of MPV VLP was summarized, with emphasis on chemical modification and modification using genetic engineering. In addition, the applications of MPV VLP in the fields of vaccine development, delivery of drug and other molecules were described with examples. Then the prospect of research on MPV VLP was discussed, focusing on the large-scale production and in-depth analysis of assembly mechanism, beneficial from the use of advanced science and technology.