超临界CO2萃取冬虫夏草子座挥发性成分的GC-MS研究

报道冬虫夏草挥发性成分的组成,为其进一步的研究工作奠定基础。采用超临界CO2萃取法从冬虫夏草子座中提取挥发性成分,气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分析。超临界流体萃取物共鉴定了39种组分,占总馏出组分的86.6%以上,占色谱总馏出峰面积的98.56%以上。已鉴定组分中,含量最高的为油酸,相对含量25.6%;其次为亚油酸,相对含量22.67%;再次为棕榈酸11.86%。超临界CO2萃取法能更真实、全面的反映药材中的化学成分,适合于珍稀中药材相关组分的测定。     

HS-SPME-GC-MS测定黄花菜不同部位中挥发性成分

为了测定黄花菜新型品种(金娃娃)各部位中挥发性的成分,采用顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对冷冻干燥制得的黄花菜品种(金娃娃)的不同部位(开花、花苞、根、茎、叶)干燥样品和晒干花苞样品进行挥发性成分测定。结果表明:从金娃娃六个部位中共鉴定了110种化合物,其中晒干花苞部位鉴定了60种,开花部位鉴定了38种,花苞部位鉴定了24种,根部位鉴定了37种,叶部位鉴定了26种,茎部位鉴定了24种。各部位中均有其特殊的挥发性成分,其中晒干花苞部位、根部位和开花部位挥发性成分差异较大,同时各部位也有相同的挥发性成分,其中3-呋喃甲醇(3-furanmethanol)和芳樟醇(linalool)、壬醛(nonanal)为各部位中的主要挥发性物质。     

基于GLME/GC-MS分析黄柄钙皮菌的挥发性成分

为分析黄柄钙皮菌的挥发性成分组成,通过气液微萃取技术(GLME)对无饲培养获得的黄柄钙皮菌中萃取挥发性成分,应用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其化学成分进行分析。共鉴定了66种组分,占总组分的56.41%以上,占色谱出峰面积的65.58%以上。已经鉴定的组分中,含量最高的是棕榈酸,相对含量是12.12%,其次是二十六烷。组分主要归为酸、酯、烷烃、醇、酮、醛等几大类化合物。研究结果表明GLME/GC-MS萃取技术较适用于黄柄钙皮菌等黏菌的挥发性成分的检测分析,为进一步研究黏菌的挥发性成分提供新的检测技术。     

顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱法分析河南产紫丁香挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术（HS—SPME—GC—MS）,首次分析了河南产紫丁香花营和花的挥发性成分。从紫丁香花蕾和花中共鉴定了65种组分,其中17个成分是二者共有的;酯类化合物只存在于花蕾中,而酸类和醇类化合物在花中的含量较高。这表明酯类化合物在紫丁香花开放的过程中可能逐步被植物体内的水解酶水解成酸类和醇类化合物。     

不同方法收集番茄叶挥发性物质的GC/MS指纹图谱比较

以番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum）叶为材料．分别采用溶媒萃取、水蒸气蒸馏、气体吸附法收集挥发性物质;气相色谱-质谱联用技术分离鉴定挥发组分。结果表明,3种收集方式共获得19种挥发性组分．其中的14种组分相同．且多为主要组分。水蒸气蒸馏法获得的挥发性物质总含量最高,为27．13μg FW;其次是气体吸附法．为23．38μg FW,溶媒萃取法获得的最少,仅为12．40μg FW。溶媒萃取法共获得15种挥发组分．含量最高的组分为β-水芹烯。水蒸气蒸馏法获得18种组分．含量最高的组分为（E）-2-己烯醛。气体吸附法获得17种组分．含量最高的组分为（E）-2-己烯醛。不同方法所获各组分的相对含量和绝对含量均不同．可根据研究目的综合分析运用。     

超临界CO_2萃取冬虫夏草子座挥发性成分的GC-MS研究

报道冬虫夏草挥发性成分的组成,为其进一步的研究工作奠定基础。采用超临界CO2萃取法从冬虫夏草子座中提取挥发性成分,气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分析。超临界流体萃取物共鉴定了39种组分,占总馏出组分的86.6%以上,占色谱总馏出峰面积的98.56%以上。已鉴定组分中,含量最高的为油酸,相对含量25.6%;其次为亚油酸,相对含量22.67%;再次为棕榈酸11.86%。超临界CO2萃取法能更真实、全面的反映药材中的化学成分,适合于珍稀中药材相关组分的测定。     

红树植物木榄胚轴中的挥发性成分和脂肪酸成分分析

应用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用技术对红树植物木榄胚轴中挥发性成分和脂肪酸成分进行了分析检测,检测到挥发性成分30个,鉴定了其中的27种成分,占所检测挥发性成分总量的97.01%,以烷烃类为主,占鉴定成分的67.43%,还有酸、酯及萜类化合物等;检测到脂肪酸组分23种,确定了其中的19种,脂肪酸检出量为97.81%,其中饱和脂肪酸占64.87%,不饱和脂肪酸占35.13%。     

基于HS-SPME-GC-MS的襄荷不同部位挥发性成分分析

探讨襄荷不同部位的挥发性成分差异,以便从襄荷植株提取天然香料成分。本研究采用顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定襄荷不同部位(根、茎、叶、花苞)中的挥发性成分。结果表明：从襄荷四个部位中共鉴定了197种化合物,其中根92种,茎67种,叶64种,花苞96种。烯烃类和醇类化合物是各部位中的主要挥发性化合物,而桧烯(sabinene)为根和花苞中含量最高的化合物,约占13%,但在叶中的含量只有1.98%。β-蒎烯(β-pinene)为茎和叶中含量最高的化合物,在叶中的含量占到53.46%。此外,α-蒎烯(α-pinene)、隐品酮(cryptone)、α-松油醇(α-terpineol)等化合物在襄荷各部位挥发性成分中的占比也较高。襄荷不同部位中均有其特殊的挥发性成分,共有的挥发性成分为23种。     

微生物合成根皮素及其糖苷研究进展 *

根皮素及其糖苷是二氢查耳酮类天然产物,具有抗氧化、抗炎和抑菌等多种生理活性,可应用于食品、药品、化妆品等行业。目前,根皮素及其糖苷主要从植物中提取,但含量低、组分复杂制约了高效、低成本的分离制备。随着合成生物学的发展,工程微生物生产根皮素及其糖苷将是一种有潜力的方法。综述了微生物合成根皮素及其糖苷的关键基因鉴定、代谢途径重构和优化策略,并针对酶的特异性差、副产物多等问题提出了技术对策。     

紫锥菊挥发性成分分析研究

采用气-质(GC-MS)联用技术结合顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)与传统共水蒸馏法,对紫锥菊植物干花与干根中挥发性成分进行分析方法研究。GC-MS(配N ist2005标准质谱库)从传统方法提取的紫锥菊干根挥发油中分离分析出188个峰,初步鉴定出68种化合物,从聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS 7,100μm)及聚丙烯酸酯(PA 85μm)三种固相微萃取涂层吸附的紫锥菊干花挥发性成分中分别分离分析出27、118、105个峰,各自鉴定出1、22、23种化合物。对不同处理方法及紫锥菊植物不同部位所得数据进行了相识性与差异性的比较,所建分析方法及所得结果为了解紫锥菊植物体挥发性有效成分提供了参考。     

Volatile Terpenoids of Endophyte-free and Infected Peppermint (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mentha piperita</Emphasis> L.): Chemical Partitioning of a Symbiosis

The study reports the effects on volatiles of an endophytic fungus inhabiting asymptomatically the leaves of peppermint. By means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) terpenoids were sampled in time course from the head space of peppermint leaves and roots. After removal of the mycelium from peppermint tissues, fungal volatiles were analyzed and compared with those of pure fungal cultures. In the presence of the endophyte, the relative amount of all main compounds increased in leaves. Starting from the first 14 d of culture, (−)-menthone and (+)-neomenthol were consistently higher than in control plants. On the contrary, (+)-menthofuran increased only by 28 d of culture. Root volatiles were also dramatically altered by the presence of the fungus, with (+)-pulegone accounting for at least 44% of the total volatile emission. (+)-Pulegone was also the main compound of PGP-HSF mycelium isolated from peppermint roots. The sesquiterpenoid cuparene was found as a novel compound of peppermint leaf headspace and was a main volatile of ex planta and pure culture mycelia. The chemical spectrum of terpenoids and their distribution among peppermint roots, leaves, and mycelia are likely to account for a fine regulation of the mutualism in planta and for the acquisition by the fungus of novel metabolic competences. This work is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Silvano Scannerini.     

滨海前胡不同部位挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取滨海前胡Peucedanum japonicum根、茎叶、花及果实中挥发油,使用GC-MS分析挥发油并鉴定其化学成分,比较不同部位挥发油的化学成分及含量差异。结果显示,从根、茎叶、花和果实挥发油中分别鉴定出58、36、40和45种化学成分, 分别占各部位挥发油总量的95.60%、98.03%、95.82%和95.36%。四个部位共鉴定出79个化学成分, 其中有相同化合物20种,主要成分为α-侧柏烯、α-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、β-蒎烯等。     

Chemical analysis of the essential oil of Ferula glauca L. (Apiaceae) growing in Marche (central Italy)

Ferula glauca L. (Apiaceae), formerly believed a subspecies of Ferula communis L., but at the present considered a distinguishable species, was studied for the first time for volatiles from leaves, flowers, fruits and roots. The chemical analysis of the essential oil obtained from different populations growing in Marche (central Italy) was performed by GC-FID and GC–MS. The differences in composition detected between F. glauca and F. communis made the volatile fraction a reliable marker to distinguish between them, and confirmed the botanical data at the base of their discrimination. In particular, the oils obtained from leaves and roots, contained as major compounds (E)-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, myristicin and elemicin, that can be useful as marker components. Finally, the oils contained some daucane derivatives, that were detected also in F. communis and responsible for important biological properties.     

Plant Volatiles: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Volatile compounds act as a language that plants use for their communication and interaction with the surrounding environment. To date, a total of 1700 volatile compounds have been isolated from more than 90 plant families. These volatiles, released from leaves, flowers, and fruits into the atmosphere and from roots into the soil, defend plants against herbivores and pathogens or provide a reproductive advantage by attracting pollinators and seed dispersers. Plant volatiles constitute about 1% of plant secondary metabolites and are mainly represented by terpenoids, phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, fatty acid derivatives, and amino acid derivatives. In this review we focus on the functions of plant volatiles, their biosynthesis and regulation, and the metabolic engineering of the volatile spectrum, which results in plant defense improvement and changes of scent and aroma properties of flowers and fruits.     

香根草挥发物化学成分的分析

The chemical components of the volatiles from Vetiveria zizanioides were analyzed by SPME and GC-MS. In the roots, the main component was valencene (30.36%) abstract, while in the shoots and leaves, they were 9-octadecenamide (33.50%) abstract, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene (27.46%) abstract, and 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester(18.29%) abstract The results showed that there were many terpenoids in the volatils. In shoot volatiles, there existed 3 monoterpenes, 2 sesquiterpenes and 1 triterpene. Most of the volatiles in roots were sesquiterpenes.     

香根草挥发物化学成分的分析

The chemical components of the volatiles from Vetiveria zizanioides were analyzed by SPME and GC-MS. In the roots, the main component was valencene (30.36%), while in the shoots and leaves, they were 9-octadece-namide (33.50 % ), 2, 6, 10, 15, 19, 23-hexamethyl-2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22-tetracosahexaene (27.46% ), and 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester(18.29% ). The results showed that there were many terpenoids in the volatils. In shoot volatiles, there existed 3 monoterpenes, 2 sesquiterpenes and 1 triterpene. Most of the volatiles in roots were sesquiterpenes.     

复叶槭挥发性物质的日释放节律及对光肩星天牛引起的行为反应

采用动态顶空采集吸附,热脱附及GC-MS分析的方法。对活性复叶槭（Acer negundoL.)释放的挥发性物质的组成及日释放节律进行了研究。鉴定出复叶槭挥发性物质中的32种化合物成份。包括醛类,醇类,酮类,酯类,脂肪酸类,萜烯类等。日释放节律研究表明,在7月份主要挥发性物质释放高峰集中于14时左右。而8月份则提前到10时左右。虽然在7月份和8月份采样时保持条件一致。但所释放的挥发性物质在种类及相对含量上有明显的不同,这很可能与复叶槭不同时期的生长状况及叶片的衰老有关。在田间采用诱捕器研究了光肩星天牛对上述挥发性物质的行为反应。田间试验结果表明,与其它挥发物相比,顺-3-己烯-1-醇在田间对光肩是天牛具有更强的引诱活性。由1-丁醇,1-戊醇和2-戊醇混合而成的混合物具有最强的引诱活性。     

Similar Metabolic Changes Induced by HIPVs Exposure as Herbivore in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are important compounds to prim neighboring undamaged plants; however, the mechanism for this priming process remains unclear. To reveal metabolic changes in plants exposed to HIPVs, metabolism of leaves and roots of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedlings exposed to HIPVs released from conspecific plants infested with larvae of Orgyia ericae were analyzed together with control and infested seedlings using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolic technology and multi variate data analysis. Results presented showed that HIPVs exposure led to similar but specific metabolic changes compared with those induced by infestation in both leaves and roots. Furthermore, both HIPVs exposure and herbivore attack resulted in metabolic changes involving a series of primary and secondary metabolites in both leaves and roots. Taken together, these results suggested that priming of yet-damaged plants may be achieved by reconfiguring metabolic pathways in leaves and roots to make similar concentrations for all metabolites as those in seedlings infested. Therefore, we propose that improved readiness of defense induction of primed plants toward subsequent herbivore attack may be based on the similar metabolic profiling induced by HIPVs exposure as those caused by herbivore.     

枫香叶采后挥发物表征及影响因子研究

以枫香(Liquidambar formosana)叶为材料,采用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用技术对不同发育程度、干燥时间、储存方式及萃取温度下枫香叶挥发性成分进行分析,以揭示枫香叶释放挥发性有机化合物数量及不同采后处理下挥发物的消长规律。结果表明：(1)枫香叶释放的萜烯类化合物以α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-水芹烯、柠檬烯为主;(2)嫩叶挥发性成分种类较成熟叶高,莰烯、β-萜品烯、罗勒烯仅存在于嫩叶,3-蒈烯、γ-松油烯仅存在于成熟叶;(3)干燥时间对枫香叶挥发性化合物影响较大,挥发物种类随干燥时间延长呈逐渐下降趋势,但主要的萜烯类化合物在不同干燥时间内均能被检测到,表现相对稳定;(4) –5 ℃及17 ℃储存可保留更多挥发性化合物,室温保存则失去较多化合物,但主要的萜烯类化合物在不同储存方式下均可被检测到;(5) 90 ℃高温萃取可获得更多的挥发性化合物,但70 ℃萃取得到的萜烯类化合物相对含量较高,室温萃取所得化合物种类虽最少,但更能反映园林应用中枫香叶芳香物质挥发的实际情况。研究结果可为枫香叶的采后处理及高值化资源利用提供参考。     

华北落叶松枝叶挥发性物质的化学成分及其化感作用

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分析了华北落叶松枝叶挥发物的化学成分及其对自身种子萌发、胚根和胚轴生长的化感作用.结果表明：华北落叶松挥发物中含量较大的化合物有20种,其中萜烯类及其含氧衍生物占较大比例,有5个单萜、12个倍半萜.华北落叶松枝叶挥发物对自身种子的萌发率、萌发速度指数、胚根和胚轴伸长量、鲜质量均具有显著抑制作用,表明华北落叶松挥发物中存在潜在的化感物质,并可能与挥发物中较高含量的萜类化合物有关.华北落叶松枝叶挥发物的化感作用影响自身的更新,是华北落叶松人工纯林退化的一个主要原因.