湖北地区普通人群卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒感染的血清学分析

卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)可导致人类产生卡波氏肉瘤(KS),即AIDS病人最为常见的肿瘤.广泛的流行病学研究显示,KSHV的流行与KS相似并呈现明显的地域分布型.为调查KSHV在汉族普通人群中的感染情况,我们以KSHV ORF65编码的小衣壳蛋白(small capsid protein)为抗原,采用酶联免疫(ELISA)分析方法,对湖北地区560例汉族普通人群血清样品进行了KSHV抗体检测.在检测的560份血样中,KSHV抗体总阳性率为5.2%,其中,男性阳性率为5.7%,女性为4.5%.统计学分析显示,KSHV感染率在男女性别上无差异(P=0.542),但与年龄有一定的相关性10岁以下儿童群体较之10岁以上人群KSHV感染率具有显著的统计学差异(P=0.006,OR=6.692,95%CI=1.710-26.198);60岁以上的老年人群KSHV感染率有上升趋势,但无统计学明显差异(P=0.052).上述结果表明,KSHV在这一地区的流行与西方成年人群的感染率相似,但在儿童群体中的相对较高的感染率与一些非洲地区的接近.由此提示在该群体可能存在特殊的传播模式.     

湖北地区普通人群卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒感染的血清学分析

卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)可导致人类产生卡波氏肉瘤(KS),即AIDS病人最为常见的肿瘤。广泛的流行病学研究显示,KSHV的流行与KS相似并呈现明显的地域分布型。为调查KSHV在汉族普通人群中的感染情况,我们以KSHVORF65编码的小衣壳蛋白(smallcapsidprotein)为抗原,采用酶联免疫(ELISA)分析方法,对湖北地区560例汉族普通人群血清样品进行了KSHV抗体检测。在检测的560份血样中,KSHV抗体总阳性率为5.2%,其中,男性阳性率为5.7%,女性为4.5%。统计学分析显示,KSHV感染率在男女性别上无差异(P=0.542),但与年龄有一定的相关性:10岁以下儿童群体较之10岁以上人群KSHV感染率具有显著的统计学差异(P=0.006,OR=6.692,95%CI=1.710-26.198);60岁以上的老年人群KSHV感染率有上升趋势,但无统计学明显差异(P=0.052)。上述结果表明,KSHV在这一地区的流行与西方成年人群的感染率相似,但在儿童群体中的相对较高的感染率与一些非洲地区的接近。由此提示在该群体可能存在特殊的传播模式。     

类风湿性关节炎患者EBV感染情况分析

目的:检测类风湿性关节炎患者血清EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)衣壳抗原IgA抗体(VCA-IgA),分析EBV感染与类风湿性关节炎的相关性.方法:用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测92例确诊为类风湿性关节炎患者和80例体检健康者血清VCA-IgA抗体,分析两组人群EBV VCA-IgA阳性率.结果:类风湿性关节炎患者VCA-IgA抗体阳性率为9.8％(9/92);健康对照组阳性率为2.4％ (2/85)(x2=4.038,P＜0.05).结论:类风湿性关节炎患者血清EBV VCA-IgA抗体检出率明显高于健康对照组,提示部分类风湿性关节炎患者发病与EBV感染有关.     

2018年河南省健康人群脊髓灰质炎抗体水平监测结果分析

目的了解2018年河南省健康人群脊髓灰质炎(poliomyelitis,简称脊灰)抗体水平,为评价脊灰疫苗免疫效果、保持河南省无脊灰状态提供科学依据。方法选取漯河市舞阳县、许昌市建安区和濮阳市清丰县作为监测点,通过中和抗体测定法对健康人群进行脊灰抗体检测。结果共检测636份健康人血标本,其中脊灰I型和III型抗体阳性率分别为96.54%和93.55%,抗体几何平均滴度(geometric mean titer,GMT)分别为1∶137.70和1∶47.27,I型、III型抗体阳性率和GMT之间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),I型抗体阳性率和GMT均高于III型。不同年龄组之间脊灰I型、III型抗体阳性率和GMT差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),GMT随着年龄的增加而降低。不同免疫史之间脊灰I型、III型抗体阳性率和GMT差异有统计学意义(P0.05),接种过脊灰疫苗人群的抗体阳性率和GMT均高于未接种或者免疫史不详人群。不同性别和不同地区之间脊灰I型、III型抗体阳性率和GMT差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 2018年河南省健康人群脊灰抗体处于较高水平,已形成了有效的免疫屏障,但保持河南省无脊灰的发生工作依然严峻。脊灰防治需加强人群的疫苗免疫规划和常规免疫,定期对健康人群脊灰抗体的检测是防止脊灰病毒传播较为有效的方法之一。     

邯郸市女性人乳头瘤病毒中和抗体研究

目的了解邯郸市女性人群人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus, HPV)中和抗体的研究,为当地制定适当的宫颈癌(uterine cervical carcinoma, UCC)防控策略和HPV疫苗接种提供依据。方法采用横断面的调查方法,以2019年9—12月河北工程大学附属医院就诊未接种过HPV疫苗的女性为调查对象,开展流行病学调查。采集血清样本,假病毒中和试验检测9种HPV基因型的血清中和抗体。结果 216份血清样本检出HPV阳性血清33份,阳性率15.28%。低危型血清13份,阳性率6.02%(95%CI:3.24%～10.07%);高危型血清27份,阳性率为12.50%(95%CI:8.4%～17.66%)。各基因型的中和抗体GMT为120～696。33份HPV阳性血清样本中,单一阳性血清样本22份,单一高危型阳性就有17份,占77.21%;多重阳性血清样本11份,均为多重高危型阳性样本。5个年龄组中,第1、2、3组的女性人群HPV阳性血清随着年龄的增长明显增加,而第4、5组则随着年龄的增长明显下降;第3组HPV检测出阳性血清最多,有12份,阳性率为25.00%;第5组HPV阳性血清检出最少,仅有3份,阳性率为15.00%,年龄组间阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=4.957、P=0.292,P0.05)。乡镇和市区HPV阳性率分别为16.91%、12.50%;单一和多重HPV感染乡镇均高于城区,地区间阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.757、P=0.384,P0.05)。中专及高中以上人群HPV阳性率最高,占20.27%,其单一阳性率高于其他人群,不同文化程度人群HPV阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.152、P=0.207,P0.05)。结论邯郸市5个未接种过HPV疫苗年龄组均检出HPV抗体,自然感染产生的中和抗体滴度不高,阳性率处于全国较低水平。高危型血清样本阳性率很高,须及时采取主动干预措施,提高人群对HPV感染的认知,并在特定年龄段积极推广HPV多价疫苗的接种和提高接种率。     

2018年河南省健康人群麻疹抗体水平及其影响因素分析

目的了解2018年河南省健康人群麻疹(measles)抗体的抗体阳性率和抗体浓度探讨其影响因素,为麻疹防控提供依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,用系统抽样的方法随机抽取部分县区的健康人群,填写调查表并采集血清,使用ELISA检测血清中麻疹抗体。按人口特征分别计算麻疹抗体阳性率和麻疹抗体浓度。采用χ~2检验统计不同人群特征之间麻疹抗体阳性率差异,采用单因素方差分析统计不同人群特征之间平均抗体浓度差异。采用logistic回归的方法分析麻疹抗体阳性率的影响因素。结果调查的649名健康人群中,麻疹抗体阳性率为85.21%,麻疹抗体浓度为745.99 mIU/mL。1～3岁组麻疹抗体阳性率最高,为93.33%;0～1岁组最低,仅为66.67%;各年龄组间抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=48.144、P=0.001,P0.05);麻疹抗体浓度1～3岁组最高,为1 096.05 mIU/mL,7～15岁组最低,为489.62 mIU/mL,各年龄组间抗体浓度差异有统计学意义(F=12.553、P=0.001,P0.05)。麻疹抗体阳性率孟津县最高,达到94.52%,原阳县最低,为76.82%,各县区间麻疹抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=31.156、P=0.001,P0.05);麻疹抗体浓度孟津县最高,达到906.43 mIU/mL,原阳县最低,为429.18 mIU/mL,各县区间麻疹抗体浓度差异有统计学意义(F=25.201、P=0.001,P0.05)。麻疹抗体阳性率和抗体浓度均呈现女性略高于男性,且男女性别差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。医务工作者麻疹抗体阳性率最高,为90.48%;公共场所服务人员仅有55.56%;不同职业麻疹抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=52.266、P=0.001,P0.05);农民的麻疹抗体浓度最高,高到1 112.92 mIU/mL;公共场所服务人员最低,仅有458.47 mIU/mL;各职业间麻疹抗体浓度差异有统计学意义(F=11.804、P=0.001,P0.05)。县区、职业及年龄组是麻疹抗体阳性率主要的影响因素。县区、职业及年龄组χ~2值分别为6.101、12.375、18.478,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。县区因素、职业因素的回归系数β0.000,年龄组是影响麻疹抗体阳性率升高的因素,其回归系数β0.000是影响麻疹抗体阳性率降低的因素;OR值分别为1.001、1.816和0.567。性别不是麻疹抗体阳性率的影响因素。结论河南省2018年麻疹抗体水平较低,麻疹抗体水平存在年龄、地区和职业差异,需及时监测麻疹抗体水平和调整免疫策略,继续加强常规麻疹疫苗的免疫接种,适时考虑对易感人群进行强化免疫,方能构建更完善的免疫屏障。     

佛山市禅城区中小学生肺结核感染和患病现况

目的 了解佛山市禅城区中小学生结核菌感染和肺结核患病现况,为主管部门提供学校结核病防治工作决策依据.方法 整群抽取佛山市禅城区中小学新生19 685名进行PPD试验,检查结果采用SPSS 16.0统计分析.结果 佛山市中小学生PPD总体阳性率为52.0％,强阳性率3.6％,发现5例活动性肺结核病人,患病率为28.76/105.初中学生PPD阳性4 737例(51.5％),强阳性307例(3.3％);小学生阳性3 689例(45.1％),强阳性311例(3.8％);初中生阳性率低于小学生(χ2 =70.36,P＜0.01).受检男生中,阳性4 459例(46.1％),强阳性255例(2.6％);女生中,阳性3 967例(51.4％),强阳性363例(4.7％),女生阳性率高于男生(χ2=124.39,P＜0.01).有肺结核患者的学校PPD阳性和强阳性检出率高于无肺结核患者的学校(x2=31.76,P＜0.01),患者所在班级PPD总体阳性率高于无患者的班级(x2=9.28,P=0.01).结论 佛山市中小学学生结核菌感染率和活动性肺结核患病率较高,初中生、女生易感,患者所在班级和学校结核菌感染率较高.因此,要针对重点人群,加强佛山市中小学生结核病防治工作.     

用套式PCR方法检出腹泻及健康犬粪中的犬冠状病毒

自2003年夏至2004年初的8个月内收集犬粪样112份,其中南京地区家庭单养的腹泻犬粪便43份,某养犬场群养健康犬粪便30份,沈阳地区某养犬基地群养健康犬粪便39份,用套式PCR方法检测犬冠状病毒(CCV).结果显示,南京家庭单养腹泻病犬CCV阳性率为40.9%(18/43),CCV检出率与季节相关,冬季的检出率较高.健康犬阳性率为84.1%(58/69),其中沈阳某场健康犬CCV的感染率(87.2%)高于南京某犬场(80.0%).取南京腹泻犬和沈阳健康犬阳性样本各2份测序,结果表明,4个样本M基因212bp的序列与GenBank登录的中国大熊猫源的CCV同源性最高(94.8～96.7),并且南京和沈阳CCV毒株之间存在一定序列差异.所有阳性样本用CCV基因型鉴别PCR鉴定,均为CCVⅡ型.     

STD患者及性高危人群泌尿生殖道支原体感染状况研究

目的:探讨泌尿生殖道支原体在STD患者及性高危人群中的感染状况.方法:采用培养法对421例STD患者、84例性乱者和185例性病伴侣进行解脲脲原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)的检测.结果:STD患者、性乱者和性病伴侣泌尿生殖道支原体感染率分别为42.28%、35.71%和40.0%,与健康人群(13.48%)比较,差异有显著性(x2=56.61、19.44、38.16,P＜0.005).前三者之间比较,差异无显著性(x2=1.25、0.28、0.45,P＞0.05).Uu感染率(15.22%)与Mh(5.22%)比较,前者明显高于后者(x2=37.61,P＜0.005).男性Uu和Mh感染率(分别为8.57%、2.08%)与女性(分别为23.61%、9.18%)比较,女性明显高于男性(x2=29.82、17.36,P＜0.005).Uu和Mh混合感染率(20.43%)明显高于Uu(15.22%)或Mh(5.22%)的单独感染率(x2=6.41、71.45,P值分别为P＜0.05、P＜0.005).结论:Uu和Mh在STD患者、性乱者和性病伴侣中流行、感染率高,在性病的防治和监测工作中应加以重视.     

三种免疫学方法在矽肺合并肺结核诊断中的价值研究

目的:探讨T淋巴细胞酶联斑点实验(T-SPOT)、结核菌素皮肤试验(tuberculin test,TST)以及结核抗体(tuberculosis antibody)在矽肺合并肺结核(pulmonary silicosis complicated with tuberculosis)诊断中的应用价值。方法:收集2015年8月7日至2016年5月20日确诊为矽肺结核感染患者41例、非矽肺结核患者90例、健康体检学生对照组40例,对三组人群经以上免疫学方法检测的结果进行统计分析。结果:1)矽肺结核、非矽肺结核及健康人群中T-SPOT阳性率分别为73.17%、93.33%、15%,三者两两比较差异有统计学意义;矽肺结核、非矽肺结核及健康人群中TST阳性率分别为58.54%、88.89%、32.5%,非矽肺结核患者与健康人群及矽肺结核患者之间,差异均有统计学意义,但矽肺结核患者与健康人群之间,差异无统计学意义;矽肺结核、非矽肺结核及健康人群中结核抗体阳性率分别为36.58%、42.22%、52.5%,三者两两比较差异均无统计学意义。2)三种检测方法在矽肺结核患者中的敏感性分别为73.17%、58.54%、36.58%,差异有统计学意义,其中T-SPOT及TST的敏感性均高于结核抗体方法(P0.05);特异性分别为85%、67.5%、47.5%,其中T-SPOT的特异性高于结核抗体方法(P0.05);阳性预测值分别为83.33%、64.86%、41.67%,阴性预测值分别为75.56%、61.36%、42.22%,三种方法的阳性及阴性预测值存在差异,均有统计学意义。3)T-SPOT在I、II、III期矽肺结核检测的阳性率分别为52.38%、94.12%、100%,I期与II期或III期的阳性率之间差异有统计学意义,II期与III期之间阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论:T-SPOT方法具有较高的敏感性及特异性,对矽肺结核辅助诊断及临床分期具有较好的应用价值。     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。