RNAi干扰Shp2基因对K562细胞增殖的抑制效应

通过RNA干扰技术沉默蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶跏2基因,构建重纽质粒,采用实时荧光定量PCR（Real-timePCR）法、Westernblot、MTT法、流式细胞术（FCM）分别检测转染后K562细胞中bcr／abl融合基因、bcr／abl融合蛋白的表达水平、细胞生长增殖变化及细胞凋亡率,探索该基因的沉默表达对K562N胞的抑制作用。结果表明,该实验成功构建出能明显下调Shp2基因及其蛋白表达的重组质粒,转染K562细胞后,其bcr／abl融合基因及融合蛋白水平均明显降低、K562细胞增殖活力被抑制（P〈0．05）、细胞凋亡水平上升（P〈0．05）。与对照组相比,其差异具有统计学意义。提示,重组质粒可显著降低bcr／abl基因及蛋白的表达,抑制K562细胞的生物学效应,表明在细胞水平沉默Shp2有可能成为治疗慢性粒细胞白血病的有效靶点。     

莪术醇诱导慢性粒细胞白血病K562细胞分化的研究

目的:以人慢性粒细胞白血病细胞株K562细胞为对象,研究莪术醇(curcumenol)诱导K562细胞分化作用,并同莪术油做了比较研究。方法:通过测定细胞内酶变化判定莪术醇等诱导K562细胞的分化;用RT-PCR测定莪术醇等作用后K562细胞bcr/abl mRNA表达量的变化,同时测定莪术醇等对K562细胞微核影响,探讨诱导K562细胞的分化机理。结果:莪术醇能够诱导K562细胞向成熟分化,30μg/mL莪术醇作用72h后,Gimsa染色后可见K562细胞向终末细胞分化,出现杆状及分叶核细胞,细胞内酶学指标也呈分化表现;同时,莪术醇作用后bcr/abl融合基因的表达降低,K562细胞的微核率减少。结论:莪术醇对畸变的K562细胞染色体有作用,影响bcr/abl融合基因的表达,使K562细胞向成熟分化。     

过表达KLF4重组质粒的构建及其在白血病K562细胞中的表达

为了构建过表达锌指转录因子Krüppel样因子4(Krüppel-like factor 4,KLF4)基因的重组质粒pEGFP-KLF4,观察其在白血病K562细胞中的表达,以RT-PCR法扩增人KLF4基因,构建pEGFP-KLF4重组质粒;经酶切及测序鉴定后,将pEGFP-KLF4质粒电穿孔转染白血病K562细胞(K562/pEGFP-KLF4组),设pEGFP-C1空质粒转染K562细胞(K562/pEGFP-C1组)及空白K562细胞作为对照,荧光显微镜观察EGFP-KLF4融合蛋白的表达情况,同时用抗生素G418筛选阳性克隆并扩大培养建立稳定过表达KLF4基因的K562细胞株,随后用RT-PCR检测3组K562细胞中KLF4的m RNA表达水平。实验结果显示,pEGFP-KLF4重组质粒构建成功。该质粒转染K562细胞24 h后能观察到较高强度的绿色荧光;经G418筛选出的阳性克隆扩大培养后建立了稳定过表达KLF4基因的K562细胞株;与对照组相比,K562/pEGFP-KLF4细胞组KLF4的m RNA表达水平明显升高,其过表达率为65.71%(P0.05)。实验中构建的过表达KLF4基因的重组质粒pEGFP-KLF4能在K562细胞中高效表达,为进一步研究其在白血病中的作用奠定了基础。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除长非编码RNA SNHG16基因促进K562细胞CD235a的表达上调

为了探究敲除长非编码RNA SNHG16对人慢性髓系白血病K562细胞的影响,我们利用CRISPR/Cas9技术在K562细胞中敲除SNHG16基因,通过流式分选获得单细胞,经扩增培养、基因组PCR鉴定、测序鉴定后,获得SNHG16杂合和纯合敲除株;通过Wright-Giemsa染色、MTS检测、流式分析和qRT-PCR分别检测了SNHG16敲除后对K562细胞形态、增殖、细胞表面标志蛋白及红系分化调控因子的影响。实验结果显示,敲除SNHG16后不影响K562细胞的形态和增殖,显著促进了K562细胞表面标志蛋白CD235a和红系分化调控因子的表达水平。该研究表明,长非编码RNA SNHG16不影响K562细胞的增殖,但SNHG16对K562细胞表面标志蛋白CD235a的表达水平有一定的调控作用。     

CD19蛋白截短体慢病毒表达载体的构建及其在K562细胞中的表达

目的:构建胞内段缺失的CD19蛋白截短体(CD19t)慢病毒表达载体pLVX-EF1α-CD19t-IRES-Puro,并建立稳定表达CD19t的人红白血病细胞系K562/CD19t。方法:合成CD19t基因全长,酶切产物插入慢病毒载体pLVXEF1α-IRES-Puro,将重组质粒转染293FT细胞包装病毒后感染人红白血病细胞系K562,采用Western印迹和免疫荧光技术检测CD19t在K562细胞中的表达,并通过ELISA检测K562/CD19t与CD19 CAR-Jurkat共培养上清中的IL-2浓度。结果:酶切鉴定与测序结果表明成功构建慢病毒表达载体p LVX-EF1α-CD19t-IRES-Puro;Western印迹和免疫荧光检测到K562/CD19t细胞中CD19t的表达;ELISA结果显示表达的CD19t能够刺激识别CD19的CAR-Jurkat细胞分泌IL-2。结论:构建了CD19蛋白截短体慢病毒表达载体,并在K562细胞中表达,有助于进一步构建B细胞白血病动物模型和验证CAR-T效能。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9技术的GATA-1基因敲除K562细胞系的构建

GATA-1(GATA binding protein-1)在造血分化过程是最重要的转录调控因子,在红细胞和巨核细胞中特异性高表达,并通过调节相关基因的转录在红系和巨核系造血细胞的分化发育过程中发挥重要作用。该研究采用CRISPR/Cas9技术将K562细胞中的GATA-1基因敲除,建立了GATA-1基因敲除K562细胞株。首先,设计了4个CRISPR的靶向位点,利用p GL3-U6-sg RNA-PGKpuromycin质粒构建了4个导向RNA(single guide RNA,sg RNA)载体。利用电穿孔的方法将sg RNA载体与Cas9载体p ST1374-NLS-fl ag-linker-Cas9共转K562细胞。转染48 h,经定点PCR和T7EN1内切酶酶切鉴定后,采用细胞有限稀释法嘌呤霉素筛选,定点测序和Western blot检测结果显示,成功构建了GATA-1基因敲除K562细胞株,命名为K562-KO GATA-1。使用联苯胺染色和流式细胞术的方法检测血型糖蛋白A(glycophorin A,CD235a)发现,与正常K562细胞相比,K562-KO GATA-1细胞株经Hemin诱导红系分化明显受到抑制。综上,该研究建立了敲除GATA-1的K562细胞系,可用于后续的造血分化相关研究。     

铁剥夺在TPA 诱导K562 细胞分化中对细胞 生长分化及EGR1mRNA 表达的影

目的：通过,IPA诱导K562细胞分化过程中干预细胞铁代谢探讨白血病细胞铁与细胞分化的关系及对EGR1mRNA表达的影响。方法：应用体外细胞培养技术通过细胞形态,细胞化学染色观察细胞生长分化情况;用FCM、RT—PCR等技术检细胞周期、细胞表面分化抗原CD33、CD14及EGR1mRNA的表达。结果：在,IPA诱导K562细胞分化过程中铁剥夺可明显抑制K562细胞生长,并可阻止,IPA诱导K562细胞分化,使K562细胞停止在S期。铁剥夺可降低,TPA诱导K562细胞分化过程中EGR1mRNA的表达。讨论：铁剥夺明显抑制K562细胞生长、阻止TPA诱导K562细胞分化,故铁剥夺剂（DFO）可能作为一种辅助抗癌药用于白血病的化疗,但由于它能阻止白血病细胞的分化,故不宜用于白血病的诱导分化治疗。铁剥夺使K562细胞分化过程中E—GR1mRNA表达降低可能参与了阻止TPA诱导K562细胞的分化过程。     

核仁磷酸蛋白基因突变对K562白血病细胞分化的影响

核仁磷酸蛋白基因（nucleophosmin,NPM1）突变在急性髓系白血病的发生发展中发挥着重要作用,而与白血病分化阻滞的关系尚未完全阐明。为探讨NPM1基因突变对白血病细胞体外分化的影响,将携带NPM1 A型突变（NPM1-mA）的表达质粒载体pEGFPC1-NPM1-mA转染白血病K562细胞系,构建稳定表达NPM1-mA蛋白的细胞株（K562 mA）,同时设立野生型NPM1转染组（K562 wt）、空载体转染组（K562 C1）和未处理组（K562）为对照。利用豆蔻酰佛波醇乙酯（PMA）诱导各组细胞分化,瑞氏–吉姆萨染色观察细胞分化的形态改变,计算诱导分化率;相差显微镜计数贴壁细胞数量;流式细胞术分析细胞表面分化抗原CD41的表达。结果显示,PMA作用72 h后,与对照组相比,K562 mA组细胞的诱导分化率及贴壁细胞数明显降低（P〈0.05）;同时,CD41的表达受到显著抑制（P〈0.01）。提示NPM1基因突变能够阻滞白血病细胞系K562的体外分化。     

红细胞分化相关因子EDRF1的反义RNA下调蛋白激酶C—αmRNA的表达

为了研究通过功能筛选得到的一个新的红细胞分化相关的全长cDNA（命名为EDRF1）的功能,选择K562细胞作为模型细胞来观察反义EDRF1表达对细胞功能的影响。通过快速构建,同时得到了正向和反向插入片段的真核表达载体pcDNA3－EDRF1－S（sense）及pcDNA3－AS（antisense）,并通过改进的LipofectAMINE细胞转染和G418筛选,得到了稳定性表达的细胞株,进行基因组PCR鉴定,证明了转染的高效性。Northem Blot试验的结果表明,反义载体转染的K562细胞中,EDRF1在mRNA表达水平上受到下调,提示EDRF1反义DNA的表达可能抑制了EDRF1mRAN的正常转录。进一步,γ－珠蛋白和PKC－α的表达在反义构建质粒转染K562细胞中的表达均受到下调,这可能传递了红细胞分化的负反馈信号,从而抑制了珠蛋白的合成。     

新的红细胞分化相关因子反义RNA特异抑制K562细胞中的GATA-1转录因子活性

以往报道了通过基因转染技术观察新的红细胞分化相关因子(EDRF1)反义RNA表达和EDRF1过表达对细胞增殖和分化的影响,结果表明,反义EDRF1表达载体转染后的K562细胞α-globin,γ-globin mRNA表达水平下降.本文利用基因芯片和真核基因转染技术观察了EDRF1对60种细胞因子及其受体表达水平的影响,发现EDRF1明显调节IL-6受体,GM-CSF受体,c-Jun/c-Fos,c-myc及c-kit(SCF受体)等基因的表达水平,并通过RNA点杂交进行验证,EDRF1对几个重要的细胞因子受体表达的调节可能是其执行功能的一个重要途径.Northern blot实验结果表明,GATA-1 mRNA在转染EDRF1反义表达载体后表达水平有所下调,随后的凝胶阻滞电泳实验(gel shift assay,EMSA)证明,与对照相比,EDRF1反义表达载体转染的K562细胞中,红系特异的转录因子GATA-1的活性受到明显的抑制,而另一个红系特异的转录因子NF-E2则没有明显的活性改变,对照NF-κB的转录活性也基本保持恒定.因此推测,K562细胞增殖和分化的调节很可能是通过直接影响红系特异的转录因子GATA-1与顺式序列相互作用的转录活性来实现的.     

Circular antisense oligonucleotides inhibit growth of chronic myeloid leukemia cells

BACKGROUND: Antisense represents a conceptually powerful method for regulating gene expression. However, antisense oligonucleotides developed to date manifest two serious limitations-nuclease susceptibility and nonspecific hybridization. Circular oligonucleotides may be superior to conventional linear oligonucleotides in both respects. First, circular agents, having no ends, are exonuclease-resistant. Second, they bind to complementary strands of RNA and DNA with a higher affinity than corresponding linear agents. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed the activity of circular phosphodiester deoxynucleotides using chronic myeloid cell lines by targeting polypurine sequences. To represent cells having a bcr3/abl2-type junction, we used K562 cells. A circle targeting a bcr polypurine sequence 385 nucleotides 5' to the junction decreased the cell number by day 5 with an IC(50) of 9 microM. To represent cells having a bcr2/abl2-type junction, we used BV173 cells. A circle targeting the bcr-abl junction itself decreased the cell number by day 7 with an IC(50) of 8 microM. Control oligonucleotides, whether the same sequence uncircularized or circles with the same nucleotide composition but in scrambled sequence, had little effect. Unlike linear agents, circles were stable when incubated in 10% serum. The amount of bcr-abl protein detected by Western blotting using a specific anti-bcr-abl antibody at 24 hr in antisense-treated BV173 cells was only 10% of that of cells treated with control circles, which demonstrates an antisense mechanism of action. CONCLUSIONS: Circular oligodeoxyribonucleotides (1) inhibit the accumulation of CML cells, (2) decrease the amount of bcr-abl protein per cell, (3) have sequence-selective activity, and (4) are more active than linear oligonucleotides containing only the base-pairing region.     

PTPROt inactivates the oncogenic fusion protein BCR/ABL and suppresses transformation of K562 cells

Chronic myelogenous leukemia is typified by constitutive activation of the c-abl kinase as a result of its fusion to the breakpoint cluster region (BCR). Because the truncated isoform of protein-tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type O (PTPROt) is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells, we tested the possibility that it could potentially dephosphorylate and inactivate the fusion protein bcr/abl. Ectopic expression of PTPROt in the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 indeed resulted in hypophosphorylation of bcr/abl and reduced phosphorylation of its downstream targets CrkL and Stat5, confirming that PTPROt could inactivate the function of bcr/abl. Furthermore, the expression of catalytically active PTPROt in K562 cells caused reduced proliferation, delayed transition from G0/G1 to S phase, loss of anchorage independent growth, inhibition of ex vivo tumor growth, and increased their susceptibility to apoptosis, affirming that this tyrosine phosphatase can revert the transformation potential of bcr/abl. Additionally, the catalytically inactive PTPROt acted as a trapping mutant that was also able to inhibit anchorage independence and facilitate apoptosis of K562 cells. The inhibitory action of PTPROt on bcr/abl was also confirmed in a murine myeloid cell line overexpressing bcr/abl. PTPROt expression was suppressed in K562 cells and was relieved upon treatment of the cells with 5-azacytidine, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, with concomitant hypomethylation of the PTPRO CpG island. These data demonstrate that suppression of PTPROt by promoter methylation could contribute to the augmented phosphorylation and constitutive activity of its substrate bcr/abl and provide a potentially significant molecular therapeutic target for bcr/abl-positive leukemia.     

BCR3/ABL2核酶的设计、构建及对K562细胞增殖与集落形成的抑制作用和凋亡诱导作用

利用计算机模拟设计合成了针对 K5 62细胞致癌融合 bcr3/abl2 m RNA的锤头状核酶 .该核酶以融合点附近 UUC为识别切割三联体 ,在核酶的 3′端增加一段 T7噬菌体终止子序列 .用基因克隆结合体外转录的方法 ,肯定了核酶的体外切割活性 .进而将核酶基因克隆到 p CEP4真核细胞高效表达载体上 ,利用脂质体 Lipofectin AMINE介导的转染技术将核酶与核酶基因导入靶细胞 ,从抑制靶细胞 K5 62的增殖与集落形成及引起靶细胞凋亡等方面验证了核酶在细胞水平上对融合基因 bcr3/abl2 m RNA的特异切割作用 ,并观察到了 T7噬菌体终止子序列对核酶切割效率的增强影响 .     

Bcr-abl translocation can occur during the induction of multidrug resistance and confers apoptosis resistance on myeloid leukemic cell lines

Apoptosis was studied in parental and mdr-1 expressing U937, HL60 and K562 myeloid leukemic cell lines using mdr unrelated inducers of apoptosis such as Ara-C, cycloheximide, serum deprivation, ceramide, monensin and UV irradiation. Apoptosis was efficiently induced by all these treatments in U937 and HL60 cells while K562 cells exhibited an apoptosis-resistant phenotype except with UV and monensin. The pattern of apoptosis resistance in mdr-1 expressing U937 (U937-DR) and HL60 (HL60-DR100) was similar to that presented by K562. This apoptosis-resistant phenotype of mdr cells was not overcome by concentrations of verapamil inhibiting the P-gp 170 pump. The acquisition of this phenotype was posterior to the mdr-1 expressing phenotype since a HL60-DR5 variant, selected at the beginning of the induction of resistance, presented a low level of mdr-1 expression without resistance to apoptosis. The variations observed in the Fas (CD95) expression between sensitive and resistant cells were not sufficient to account for apoptosis resistance. However, a high expression in Abl antigen was found in all the apoptosis-resistant cells. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that this increase in Abl antigen content was accompanied by the expression in U937-DR and HL60-DR100 cells of a hybrid bcr/abl mRNA and a 210 kD Bcr/Abl protein which was constitutive in K562. This expression was due to the translocation of abl and the amplification of the bcr-abl translocated gene. These results are in agreement with the role of Bcr/Abl tyrosine protein kinase as an inhibitor of apoptosis independently of the mdr-1 expression. They also suggest that translocation of the abl gene in the bcr region is a highly probable rearrangement in the mdr-1 expressing myeloid cells and that Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase effect on apoptosis needs the regulation of intracellular pH and is inactive against UV-induced apoptosis.     

Downregulation of Bcr-Abl in K562 cells restores susceptibility to apoptosis: characterization of the apoptotic death

We examined the susceptibility of a variety of human leukemic cell lines to the induction of apoptosis. K562, a chronic myelogenous leukemic cell line which expresses the bcr-abl fusion gene, was found to be extremely resistant to apoptosis, irrespective of the inducing agent. This resistance can be attributed to the deregulated Abl kinase activity of bcr-abl, as downregulation of its expression using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted to the beginning of the abl sequence in this chimeric gene rendered these cells susceptible to cytotoxic drug-induced apoptosis. Examination of the morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis in K562 cells revealed the typical membrane blebbing and chromatin condensation associated with this form of cell death. In situ TdT-mediated end labeling of the DNA revealed the presence of strand breaks in the treated cells and field inversion gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of large 10-50 kb fragments. However there was an absence of oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation, whether or not Bcr-Abl was expressed. Thus, while inhibition of expression of Bcr-Abl renders K562 cells susceptible to apoptosis, the absence of oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation in these cells is independent of the function of this molecule.     

Comparative study of DNA damage, cell cycle and apoptosis in human K562 and CCRF-CEM leukemia cells: role of BCR/ABL in therapeutic resistance

The Philadelphia translocation t(9;22) resulting in the bcr/abl fusion gene is the pathogenic principle of almost 95% of human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Imatinib mesylate (STI571) is a specific inhibitor of the BCR/ABL fusion tyrosine kinase that exhibits potent antileukemic effects in CML. BCR/ABL-positive K562 and -negative CCRF-CEM human leukemia cells were investigated. MTT survival assay and clonogenic test of the cell proliferation ability were used to estimate resistance against idarubicin. DNA damage after cell treatment with the drug at the concentrations from 0.001 to 3 microM with or without STI571 pre-treatment were examined by the alkaline comet assay. We found that the level of DNA damages was lower in K562 cells after STI571 pre-treatment. It is suggested that BCR/ABL activity may promote genomic instability, moreover K562 cells were found to be resistant to the drug treatment. Further, we provided evidence of apoptosis inhibition in BCR/ABL-positive cells using caspase-3 activity colorimetric assay and DAPI nuclear staining for chromatin condensation. We suggest that these processes associated with cell cycle arrest in G2/M checkpoint detected in K562 BCR/ABL-positive compared to CCRF-CEM cells without BCR/ABL expression might promote clone selection resistance to drug treatment.