似动蜉属一新种记述(蜉蝣目:扁蚴蜉科)

本文记述在江苏宜兴山区采集的似动蜉属Cinygmina一新种,连同我们于1981年发表过的该属斜纹似动蜉Cinygmina obliquistriata和红斑似动蜉Cinygmina rubromaculata两个种,共计我国已知该属有三种。兹将该新种的形态特征记述如下:     

中国似动蜉属及一新种记述 （蜉蝣目：扁蜉科）

似动蜉属Cinygmina是我国常见扁蜉科类群,分布广泛。本文对该属我国已知4种（湖南似动蜉C. hunanensis,斜纹似动蜉C. obliquistrita,红斑似动蜉C. rubromaculata,宜兴似动蜉C. yixingensis)和一新种（叉似动蜉Cinygmina furcata sp. Nov.）的鉴别特征作了对比和图示,并确认海南似动蜉C. hainanensis是红斑似动蜉C. rubromaculata的同物异名(新异名)。     

中国蜉蝣一新属新种(蜉蝣目:河花蜉科)

河花蜉科(Potamanthidae)目前在全世界已报道了6属31种,其中在我国发现的有似河花蜉属Potamanthodes新似河花蜉属Neopotamanthodes和Rhoenanthopsis属共3属9种。作者从1982—1984年采自秦岭,大别山的标本中发现一新属新种。因为蜉蝣具有独特的变态类型(原变态),目前把成虫、亚成虫和成熟稚虫以及卵的特征用于分类已成为世界蜉蝣分类研究的趋势。而在国内由于此项工作起步很晚,以前的分类大多只限于对成虫或亚成虫的单一描述。本文则对新属新种的各虫态都进行了记述。     

似溪蜉属的分类和两新种(蜉蝣目:溪蜉科)

似溪蜉属(Potamanthodes),世界各地报道不多。在欧洲和北美,溪蜉属(Potamanthus)广泛分布,但未见似溪蜉属的记载。在东南亚该属亦少见报道。该属目前已知有五种,包括本文描述的两种。1892年英国人Eaton首先报道了台湾似溪蜉(P.formosus),分布在我国浙江、台湾、广东、云南等省和日本,印尼等地。1930年作者之一报道了分布在江西上饶、丰城、景钲、饶州和1934年在广西姚山等地的广西似溪蜉(P.kwangsiensis)。1940年日人今西锦司(Imanishi)在日本京都发现加茂川似溪蜉(P.kamonis)。1978年8月     

我国大陆细蜉属Caenis 修订及一新种描述(蜉蝣目:细蜉科)

我国大陆细蜉属Caenis共知5种,其中短铗细蜉Caenis parviforcipis(Zhou et al.)n．comb．由短尾蜉属Brachycercus转移而来;中华细蜉Caenis sinensis Gui et al．稚虫形态在本文中首次描述;另外从标本来看,已知的黑铗细蜉Caenis nigroforceps Zhou et al．实际为近岸细蜉Caenis rivulorum Eaton的新异名;本文描述1新种：花斑细蜉Caenis melanoleuca,sp．nov．;第5种黑点细蜉Caenis nigropunctata Klapalek也根据标本得到了确认。文中还给出了以上5种成虫和4种稚虫的检索表。所有标本都保存在南京师范大学生命科学学院。     

长白山区小蜉科(蜉蝣目)稚虫新记录种、亚种检索

世界上现已知小蟀科有22属190余种,我国目前仅正式报道过该科的6属15种[1]。小蜉科稚虫多生活在石质河床的清冷流水体中,常可用来监测和指示河流的水质状况。作者1984年至1995年在吉林省长白山区共采集到小蜉科的稚虫标本上千头,经鉴定发现中国新记录13种及1亚种,隶属带助蜉属Cincticostella（2种）、弯握蜉属Drunella（5种及1亚种）、小蜉属Ephemerella（4种）、锯形蜉属Serratella（1种）、天角蜉属Uracanthella（1种）[2～4]。兹列出这些稚虫的属和种检索表。小蜉科新记录种及亚种稚虫形态特征检索表la前足腿节的前缘有齿状突起,…     

小蜉属小蜉亚属一新种：蜉蝣目：小蜉科

本文记述小蜉属小蜉亚属 subgenus Ephemerella Walsh 一新种,小蜉亚属种类多,全世界已知有40种左右,广布于北美、苏联、日本等国,但中国尚未发现,因此本文也是小蜉亚属在中国的首次报道。     

中国蜉蝣属两异名及一新种记述(蜉蝣目,蜉蝣科)

我国大陆蜉蝣科蜉蝣属Ephemera中的张家界蜉E．zhangjiajiensis Zhang,Gui et You,1995实际是绢蜉E．serica Eaton。1871的同物异名(新异名),湖南蜉E．hunanensis Zhang,Gui et You,1995是梧州蜉E．wuchowensis Hsu,1938的异名(新异名)。本文还报道1新种——红斑蜉Ephemera rufomaculata sp．nov．的成熟稚虫和成虫。本种成虫腹部为棕红色,腹部背板1～2节具大面积的色块,腹部3～9节背板各具3对黑色纵纹,雄性外生殖器具发达的阳端突以及阳茎端部明显向后突出而十分独特,极易与已知种区分。本种稚虫因具有与成虫相似的腹部背板斑纹以及较小的上颚突起也易识别。     

小蜉属一新种记述(蜉蝣目:小蜉科)

小蜉属 Ephemeterella种类多,分布广,全世界目前已知有13个亚属,近120种,我国迄今共发表过8个种。 本文记述采自云南的小蜉属锯蜉亚属 Serratella一新种:景洪小蜉 Ephemerella(Serratella) jingongensis。该亚属在亚洲过去共报道过5种:Ephemerella (Serratella) nigromacrlata Xu et al., Ephemerella(S.)tianmushanensis Xu et al., Ephemerella(S.) setigera Bojkova,Ephemerella(S.)chinoi Gose, Ephemerella(S.) rufa Imanishi。     

中国香港细蜉属三新种记述(蜉蝣目:细蜉科)

记述了采自中国香港的细蜉科Caenidae,细蜉属Caenis3新种：点刻细蜉Caenis aspera sp.nov.、双突细蜉Caenis bicornis sp.nov.和光滑细蜉Caenis lubrica sp.nov.。模式标本均保存在中国广州华南农业大学昆虫学系昆虫标本室。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.