棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)Hind Ⅲ-L片段的序列分析

本文报道了棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV)基因组的HindⅢ-L片段的全序列.该片段全长2 635bp,包括5个有意义的开放阅读框HaSNPV ORF227,晚期表达因子10基因(lef10),vp1054基因,Ac55(AcMNPV ORF55的同源基因),Ac56(AcMNPV ORF56的同源基因).与其它6种杆状病毒的氨基酸序列比较表明,HaSNPV的lef10基因与甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒(SeMNPV)的同源性最高,为64%,与冷杉毒蛾核型多角体病毒(OpMNPV)的同源性最低,为43%;HaSNPV的vp1054基因与SeMNPV的同源性最高,为65%,与OpMNPV的同源性最低,为49%.序列比较表明,HaSNPV的LEF10与VP1054蛋白与其它6种杆状病毒具有相同的保守区和亮氨酸拉链(1eucine zipper)     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒（HaSNPV）Hind Ⅲ—L片段的序列分析

本文报道了棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒（Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV）基因组的HindⅢ－L片段的全序列。该片段全长2635bp,包括5个有意义的开放阅读框：HaSNPV ORF227,晚期表达因子10基因（lef10 ),vp1054基因,Ac55(AcMNPV ORF55的同源基因）,Ac56（AcMNPV ORF56的同源基因）。与其它6种杆状病毒的氨基酸序列比较表明,HaSNPV的lef10基因与甜夜蛾核型多角体病毒（SeMNPV）的同源性最高。为64％,与冷杉毒蛾核型多角体病毒（OpMNPV）的同源性最低,为43％;HaSNPV的vp1054基因与SeMNPV的同源性最高。为65％,与OpMNPV的同源性最低,为49％。序列比较表明,HaSNPV的LEF10与VP1054蛋白与其它6种杆状病毒具有相同的保守区和亮氨酸拉链（leucine zipper）。     

棉铃虫单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒极早期基因(ie-1)分析(英文)

克隆了棉铃虫Helicoverpaarmigera单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒 (HaSNPV)C1株基因组DNA ,并通过随机测序的方法测定了经XbaI酶切后的H片段的核苷酸全序列。序列比较和分析发现该片段中ORF1 3与苜蓿丫纹夜蛾Autographacalifornica多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒 (AcMNPV)基因组ORF1 47(ie 1 )同源。ie 1基因编码区全长 1 986bp ,根据推测的氨基酸序列 ,可编码 6 6 1个氨基酸残基组成的多肽 ,预计分子量为 76 .5kD。将所推导的HaSNPVIE 1氨基酸序列与其它已知的杆状病毒IE 1氨基酸序列进行比较 ,结果表明 ,HaSNPV和谷实夜蛾H .zea单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒IE 1氨基酸序列最为相似 ,同源性高达 98%。与AcMNPV、家蚕Bombyxmori核型多角体病毒 (BmNPV)、云杉卷叶蛾Choristoneurafu miferana多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒 (CfMNPV)、舞毒蛾Lymantriadispar多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(LdMNPV)、黄杉毒蛾Orgyiapseudotsugata多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒 (OpMNPV)、甜菜夜蛾Spodopteraex igua多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒 (SeMNPV)、小菜蛾Plutellaxylostella颗粒体病毒 (PxGV)和Xestiac ni grum颗粒体病毒 (XcGV)的IE 1氨基酸序列同源性较低 ,分别为 2 3 %、2 3 %、2 3 %、2 5 %、2 3 %、1 4%、2 7%和 7%。根据氨基酸序列由GENETYX     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒几丁质酶基因及杆状病毒 几丁质酶基因的分子进化

用PCR方法扩增了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（HaSNPV）几丁质酶基因,测定了基因编码区的核苷酸全序列。基因编码区全长1.713 bp,可编码570个氨基酸残基组成的多肽,预计分子量为63.6 kD。将所推导的HaSNPV几丁质酶氨基酸序列与其它已知杆状病毒几丁质酶氨基酸序列进行联配比较,结果表明HaSNPV 与谷实夜蛾H.zea单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（HzSNPV）的氨基酸序列非常相似,同源性高达90.7%,与苜蓿丫纹夜蛾Autographa californica多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（AcMNPV）、家蚕Bombyx mori核型多角体病毒（BmNPV）、美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea核型多角体病毒（HcNPV）、舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（LdMNPV）、黄杉毒蛾Orgyia pseudotsugata多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒（OpMNPV）和云杉卷叶蛾Choristoneura fumiferana核型多角体病毒（CfMNPV）氨基酸序列同源性分别为64.4%、64.9%、64.2%、62.9%、66.2%和61.5%。根据氨基酸序列用PC＼GENE程序绘制已知杆状病毒几丁质酶的分子系统树,并与杆状病毒中最为保守的多角体蛋白基因系统树作了比较,结果表明几丁质酶基因和多角体蛋白基因的进化速率是不尽相同的。     

斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒（SpltNPV）基因组EcoRI—G片段的序列分析

斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒 (SpltNPV)基因组EcoRI G片段全长 745 0bp ,包括 7个开放读码框 :vp39、lef 4、cg30、p91、vp33、tlp2 0、AcMNPVORF81同源基因和一个同源区 (hr)。基因组排列比较分析发现 ,这些基因在基因组中的排列 ,在所有已知序列的杆状病毒中都比较保守     

中国棉铃虫核多角体病毒基因组XbaI—I片段的序列分析

报道了棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒 (HaSNPV)XbaI I片段的序列结构。该片段在基因组上定位于 18.4～2 2 .8m .u .,包括 8个完整的开放阅读框架和 p47的 5′端部分序列 :其中ubiquitin ,39K/pp31,lef - 11,p47,Ac34 ,Ac38和Lsel2 5homologue 7个基因是杆状病毒的同源基因 ,另外两个orf5 0 7和orf10 80是HaSNPV的特有基因 ,且具有典型的早期表达基因启动子的特征 ,经软件分析发现这两个基因推导的产物具有典型的跨膜压结构。序列比较分析表明 ,ubiquitin基因与其它杆状病毒的同源基因有相同的保守区 ,39K/pp31具有和其它杆状病毒同源基因不同的启动子结构     

中国棉铃虫单粒包埋核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白基因的序列分析

以AcMNPV的多角体蛋白基因为探针,定位了中国棉铃虫单粒包理核型多角体病毒（HaSNPV）的多用体蛋白基因。序列测定表明,HaSNPV的多角体蛋白基因编码区为738个核苷酸,编码246个氨基酸,预计蛋白质分子量为29kDa。同源性分析表明,HaSNPV与美洲棉铃虫单粒包理核型多角体病毒（HzSNPV）具有最高的同源性,在整个阅读框架中只有4个碱基的差异,其中第179位碱基的变化导致唯一的氨基酸变化,这种变化并未导致其二级结构的改变。此外,两种病毒该基因的启动子结构也完全一样。HaSNPV与其它的SNPV和MNPV的同源性明显要低。结果预示HaSNPV与HzSNPV可能为同种病毒的不同变种。     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒解螺旋酶基因的序列分析

对棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV)基因组中EcoRI-N片段进行序列分析,获得了完整的解螺旋酶基因(hel),其开放阅读框大小为3 762bp,编码一个分子量为146kD的蛋白质.在hel起始密码子ATG上游50位有强晚期启动子转录起始信号ATAAG,在-112位和-189位存在两个TATA box,但未发现早期转录信号CAGT.其在终止密码子下游第12位有一PolyA终止信号AATAAA.在其它真核或原核解螺旋酶中存在的7个保守基元(I、Ia、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ),只有5个(I、Ia、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)在杆状病毒中保守.同源性比较发现,HaSNPV解螺旋酶的氨基酸序列与甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒(Spodoptera exigue MNPV,SeMNPV)的解螺旋酶具有最高的同源性(66%),与Xestia c-nigrum颗粒体病毒(XcGV)解螺旋酶的同源性最低(43%).HaSNPV解螺旋酶基因是第一个报道的单粒包埋核多角体病毒的解螺旋酶基因.     

中国棉铃虫核多角体病毒基因组 Xba I-I片段的序列分析

报道了棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)XbaI-I片段的序列结构.该片段在基因组上定位于18.4～22.8 m.u., 包括8个完整的开放阅读框架和p47的5′端部分序列其中ubiquitin, 39K/pp31, lef-11, p47, Ac34, Ac38和Lsel25 homologue 7个基因是杆状病毒的同源基因, 另外两个orf507和orf1 080是HaSNPV的特有基因,且具有典型的早期表达基因启动子的特征,经软件分析发现这两个基因推导的产物具有典型的跨膜压结构.序列比较分析表明, ubiquitin基因与其它杆状病毒的同源基因有相同的保守区, 39K/pp31具有和其它杆状病毒同源基因不同的启动子结构.     

中国棉铃虫单粒包埋核多角体病毒（HaSNPV）HindⅢ-Ⅰ片段的序列分析与基因排列研究

对中国棉铃虫单粒包埋核多角体病毒（HaSNPV)基因组中的HindⅢ-Ⅰ片段的序列进行分析,该片段全长7501nt,包括10个开放阅读框：AcMNPV ORF111的同源基因（Ac 111),晚期表达因子2（lef-2）基因,病毒核壳结构蛋白p24基因、gp16基因、多角体包膜蛋白（polyhedron envelope protein,pep)基因、AcMNPV ORF63的同源基因（Ac63),38.7kD基因,晚期表达因子1（lef-1) 基因,及两个特有基因HaSNPV orf591和HasSNPV orf435。基因组的排列比较分析发现与AcMNPV有较大区别。     

杆状病毒Ac78 C末端保守区域的功能初步分析

杆状病毒模式种苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, AcMNPV)的orf78 (即Ac78)是最近被发现的杆状病毒核心基因,在杆状病毒的生活周期中具有重要功能.氨基酸序列分析表明,Ac78的C末端105～108位氨基酸区域在Group I NPVs旁系同源物中高度保守.为研究该保守区域在Ac78功能中的作用,利用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达载体系统成功构建了缺失该保守区域,并且携带绿色荧光蛋白基因和多角体蛋白基因的Ac78截短补回型重组病毒(vAc78:del105-108).荧光显微镜分析和病毒生长曲线测定结果表明,在vAc78:del105-108转染的Sf9细胞中,感染性的芽生型病毒粒子(budded virion,BV)产生量与Ac78全长补回型重组病毒(vAc78:HA)基本一致;电镜观察发现,在vAc78:del105-108转染的细胞中,呈现与vAc78:HA的现象一致的典型的杆状病毒感染特征,多粒包埋型病毒粒子(multiple nucleocapsid enveloped occlusion derived virion,M-ODV)以及包埋有M-ODV的包涵体均能正常形成;免疫荧光实验表明,在vAc78:del105-108感染的Sf9细胞中,从病毒感染细胞24 h时开始,Ac78专一定位于感染细胞的内核膜附近,与vAc78:HA的现象一致.上述结果表明,Ac78的C末端105～108位氨基酸保守区域对于BV和M-ODV的有效产生以及Ac78的亚细胞定位非必需.     

ANALYSIS OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA SINGLE NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS IMMEDIATE EARLY 1 (IE‐1) GENE*

Abstract A 6.12 kb Xbal‐H fragment of the Helicoverpa armigem single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) gemone was cloned and the complete sequence of this fragment was sequenced by random sequencing method. Sequence comparison and analysis revealed an ORF13 which was homologous to ie‐1 of Auiographa California nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). The homologous encoding gene is ie‐1. The total length of the encoding region of HaSNPV gene was 1986 bp and was predicted to encode 661 amino acid protein(IE‐1) with molecular weight of 76.5 kD. The alingment of putative HaSNPV IE‐1 amino acid sequence with those of other 9 reported baculoviruses IE‐Is showed that the HaSNPV IE‐1 was most closely related to Helicoverpa zea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzNPV) IE‐1, with 97% amino acid identidy. But it showed a low degree of sequence similarity to those of AcMNPV, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), Choristoneura fumiferana nucleopolyhedrovirus (CfMNPV), Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV), Orgyia pseudotsugata nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV), Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV), Plutella xylostella granulovirus(PxGV) and Xestia c‐nigrum granulovirus (XcGV), with 23%, 23%, 23%, 25%, 23%, 14%, 27% and 7% amino acid identity, respectively. A phylogenetic tree of ten baculoviruses IE‐1 was also given.     

Identification of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus ac93 as a core gene and its requirement for intranuclear microvesicle formation and nuclear egress of nucleocapsids

Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) orf93 (ac93) is a highly conserved uncharacterized gene that is found in all of the sequenced baculovirus genomes except for Culex nigripalpus NPV. In this report, using bioinformatics analyses, ac93 and odv-e25 (ac94) were identified as baculovirus core genes and thus p33-ac93-odv-e25 represent a cluster of core genes. To investigate the role of ac93 in the baculovirus life cycle, an ac93 knockout AcMNPV bacmid was constructed via homologous recombination in Escherichia coli. Fluorescence and light microscopy showed that the AcMNPV ac93 knockout did not spread by infection, and titration assays confirmed a defect in budded virus (BV) production. However, deletion of ac93 did not affect viral DNA replication. Electron microscopy indicated that ac93 was required for the egress of nucleocapsids from the nucleus and the formation of intranuclear microvesicles, which are precursor structures of occlusion-derived virus (ODV) envelopes. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that Ac93 was concentrated toward the cytoplasmic membrane in the cytoplasm and in the nuclear ring zone in the nucleus. Western blot analyses showed that Ac93 was associated with both nucleocapsid and envelope fractions of BV, but only the nucleocapsid fraction of ODV. Our results suggest that ac93, although not previously recognized as a core gene, is one that plays an essential role in the formation of the ODV envelope and the egress of nucleocapsids from the nucleus.     

The Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus ORF78 Is Essential for Budded Virus Production and General Occlusion Body Formation

ORF78 (ac78) of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is a baculovirus core gene of unknown function. To determine the role of ac78 in the baculovirus life cycle, an AcMNPV mutant with ac78 deleted, Ac78KO, was constructed. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that ac78 is a late gene in the viral life cycle. After transfection into Spodoptera frugiperda cells, Ac78KO produced a single-cell infection phenotype, indicating that no infectious budded viruses (BVs) were produced. The defect in BV production was also confirmed by both viral titration and Western blotting. However, viral DNA replication was unaffected, and occlusion bodies were formed. An analysis of BVs and occlusion-derived viruses (ODVs) revealed that AC78 is associated with both forms of the virions and is an envelope structural protein. Electron microscopy revealed that AC78 also plays an important role in the embedding of ODV into the occlusion body. The results of this study demonstrate that AC78 is a late virion-associated protein and is essential for the viral life cycle.     

Genetic variation and virulence of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus and Trichoplusia ni single nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates

To determine the genetic diversity within the baculovirus species Autographa calfornica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV; Baculoviridae: Alphabaculovirus), a PCR-based method was used to identify and classify baculoviruses found in virus samples from the lepidopteran host species A. californica, Autographa gamma, Trichoplusia ni, Rachiplusia ou, Anagrapha falcifera, Galleria mellonella, and Heliothis virescens. Alignment and phylogenetic inference from partial nucleotide sequences of three highly conserved genes (lef-8, lef-9, and polh) indicated that 45 of 74 samples contained isolates of AcMNPV, while six samples contained isolates of Rachiplusia ou multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus strain R1 (RoMNPV-R1) and 25 samples contained isolates of the species Trichoplusia ni single nucleopolyhedrovirus (TnSNPV; Alphabaculovirus). One sample from A. californica contained a previously undescribed NPV related to alphabaculoviruses of the armyworm genus Spodoptera. Data from PCR and sequence analysis of the ie-2 gene and a region containing ORF ac86 in samples from the AcMNPV and RoMNPV clades indicated a distinct group of viruses, mostly from G. mellonella, that are characterized by an unusual ie-2 gene previously found in the strain Plutella xylostella multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus CL3 (PlxyMNPV-CL3) and a large deletion within ac86 previously described in the AcMNPV isolate 1.2 and PlxyMNPV-CL3. PCR and sequence analysis of baculovirus repeated ORF (bro) genes revealed that the bro gene ac2 was split into two separate bro genes in some samples from the AcMNPV clade. Comparison of sequences in this region suggests that ac2 was formed by a deletion that fused the two novel bro genes together. In bioassays of a selection of isolates against T. ni, significant differences were observed in the insecticidal properties of individual isolates, but no trends were observed among the AcMNPV, TnSNPV, or RoMNPV groups of isolates. This study expands on what we know about the variation of AcMNPV, AcMNPV-like and TnSNPV viruses, provides novel information on the distinct groups in which AcMNPV isolates occur, and contributes to data useful for the registration, evaluation, and improvement of AcMNPV, AcMNPV-like, and TnSNPV isolates as biological control agents.