棉铃虫单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒极早期基因(ie-1)分析(英文)

克隆了棉铃虫Helicoverpaarmigera单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒 (HaSNPV)C1株基因组DNA ,并通过随机测序的方法测定了经XbaI酶切后的H片段的核苷酸全序列。序列比较和分析发现该片段中ORF1 3与苜蓿丫纹夜蛾Autographacalifornica多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒 (AcMNPV)基因组ORF1 47(ie 1 )同源。ie 1基因编码区全长 1 986bp ,根据推测的氨基酸序列 ,可编码 6 6 1个氨基酸残基组成的多肽 ,预计分子量为 76 .5kD。将所推导的HaSNPVIE 1氨基酸序列与其它已知的杆状病毒IE 1氨基酸序列进行比较 ,结果表明 ,HaSNPV和谷实夜蛾H .zea单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒IE 1氨基酸序列最为相似 ,同源性高达 98%。与AcMNPV、家蚕Bombyxmori核型多角体病毒 (BmNPV)、云杉卷叶蛾Choristoneurafu miferana多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒 (CfMNPV)、舞毒蛾Lymantriadispar多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(LdMNPV)、黄杉毒蛾Orgyiapseudotsugata多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒 (OpMNPV)、甜菜夜蛾Spodopteraex igua多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒 (SeMNPV)、小菜蛾Plutellaxylostella颗粒体病毒 (PxGV)和Xestiac ni grum颗粒体病毒 (XcGV)的IE 1氨基酸序列同源性较低 ,分别为 2 3 %、2 3 %、2 3 %、2 5 %、2 3 %、1 4%、2 7%和 7%。根据氨基酸序列由GENETYX     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒（HaSNPV）Hind Ⅲ—L片段的序列分析

本文报道了棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒（Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV）基因组的HindⅢ－L片段的全序列。该片段全长2635bp,包括5个有意义的开放阅读框：HaSNPV ORF227,晚期表达因子10基因（lef10 ),vp1054基因,Ac55(AcMNPV ORF55的同源基因）,Ac56（AcMNPV ORF56的同源基因）。与其它6种杆状病毒的氨基酸序列比较表明,HaSNPV的lef10基因与甜夜蛾核型多角体病毒（SeMNPV）的同源性最高。为64％,与冷杉毒蛾核型多角体病毒（OpMNPV）的同源性最低,为43％;HaSNPV的vp1054基因与SeMNPV的同源性最高。为65％,与OpMNPV的同源性最低,为49％。序列比较表明,HaSNPV的LEF10与VP1054蛋白与其它6种杆状病毒具有相同的保守区和亮氨酸拉链（leucine zipper）。     

中国棉铃虫单粒包埋核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白基因的序列分析

以AcMNPV的多角体蛋白基因为探针,定位了中国棉铃虫单粒包理核型多角体病毒（HaSNPV）的多用体蛋白基因。序列测定表明,HaSNPV的多角体蛋白基因编码区为738个核苷酸,编码246个氨基酸,预计蛋白质分子量为29kDa。同源性分析表明,HaSNPV与美洲棉铃虫单粒包理核型多角体病毒（HzSNPV）具有最高的同源性,在整个阅读框架中只有4个碱基的差异,其中第179位碱基的变化导致唯一的氨基酸变化,这种变化并未导致其二级结构的改变。此外,两种病毒该基因的启动子结构也完全一样。HaSNPV与其它的SNPV和MNPV的同源性明显要低。结果预示HaSNPV与HzSNPV可能为同种病毒的不同变种。     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)Hind Ⅲ-L片段的序列分析

本文报道了棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV)基因组的HindⅢ-L片段的全序列.该片段全长2 635bp,包括5个有意义的开放阅读框HaSNPV ORF227,晚期表达因子10基因(lef10),vp1054基因,Ac55(AcMNPV ORF55的同源基因),Ac56(AcMNPV ORF56的同源基因).与其它6种杆状病毒的氨基酸序列比较表明,HaSNPV的lef10基因与甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒(SeMNPV)的同源性最高,为64%,与冷杉毒蛾核型多角体病毒(OpMNPV)的同源性最低,为43%;HaSNPV的vp1054基因与SeMNPV的同源性最高,为65%,与OpMNPV的同源性最低,为49%.序列比较表明,HaSNPV的LEF10与VP1054蛋白与其它6种杆状病毒具有相同的保守区和亮氨酸拉链(1eucine zipper)     

斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒BamHI—J片段序列分析

报道了斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（SpltMNPV)BamHI-J片段的序列结构。该片段定位于SpltMNPV基因组25.8-29.9图单位（msp unit）,包括4个完整的开放读码框,几丁质酶基因（chiA）的3′端部分序列和一个同源区（hr）的部分序列。4个完整的读码框包括lef-8基因,杆状病毒J结构域蛋白基因（baculovirus J domain protein gene,bjdp),ORF570和ORF165。序列分离表明：ORF570与毒蛾核型多角体病毒（Lymantria dispar MNPV）的解旋酶－2基因有31％的氨基酸同源性。ORF165为SpltMNPV特有。J结构域蛋白在其他杆状病毒基因组中尚未见报道,其氨基酸序列N端存在J结构域,推断该蛋白质具有与DnaJ蛋白类似特征。lef-8基因编码的氨基酸与已报道的杆状病毒基因组中的lef-8基因编码的氨基酸具有高的同源性,且其C端具有与其他杆状病毒LEF－8类似的保守序列CIKICGIHGQKG。     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒解螺旋酶基因的序列分析

对棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒（Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV）基因组中EcoR I-N片段进行序列分析,获得了完整的解螺旋酶基因（hel）,其开放阅读框大小为3762bp,编码一个分子量为146kD的蛋白质。在hel起始密码子ATG上游50位有强晚期启动子转录起始信号ATAAG,在－112位和－189位存在两个TATA box,但未发现早期转录信号CAGT。其在终止密码子下游第12位有一PolyA终止信号AATAAA。在其它真核或原解螺旋酶中存在的7个保守基元（Ⅰ、Ⅰa、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ）,只有5个（Ⅰ、Ⅰa、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ）在杆状病毒中保守。同源性比较发现,HaSNPV解螺旋酶的氨基酸序列与甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒（Spodoptera exigus MNPV,SeMNPV）的解螺旋酶具有最高的同源性（66％）,与Xestia c-nigrum颗粒体病毒（XcGV）解螺旋酶的同源性最低（43％）。HaSNPV解螺旋酶基因是第一个报道的单粒包埋核多角体病毒的解螺旋酶基因。     

舞毒蛾几丁质酶基因的真核表达与重组病毒的获得

几丁质是昆虫外骨骼和围食膜的重要组成部分,鉴于几丁质酶在昆虫生长发育过程中发挥着举足轻重的作用,应用昆虫几丁质酶为探索新的生物防治害虫的方法提供了途径。本文分别根据苜蓿银纹夜蛾Autographa californica核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白基因序列和编码舞毒蛾Lymantria disparⅠ型几丁质酶基因的开放阅读框设计引物,使用聚合酶链反应扩增出以上两个基因,全长分别为783 bp和1 737 bp。构建重组质粒pFastBac-LdCht和pFastBac-AcPH-LdCht,转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac后获得重组穿梭载体,通过脂质体介导转染Sf9细胞产生重组杆状病毒AcMNPV-AcPH--LdCht和AcMNPV-LdCht,分别用于表达蛋白和获得重组病毒。细胞成功表达出有活性的舞毒蛾几丁质酶,并在棉铃虫体内扩增得到重组病毒。研究为深入了解昆虫几丁质酶性质提供依据,并为应用重组病毒奠定基础。     

柞蚕核型多角体病毒泛素类似基因的克隆与序列分析

从感病的柞蚕Antheraea pernyi蛹中分离纯化柞蚕核型多角体病毒 (ApNPV),提取基因组DNA,分别构建ApNPV DNA的HindⅢ和SalⅠ酶切片段文库。对基因文库中1个克隆进行序列分析,得到1个长度为321 bp的序列,其中包含一个编码76个氨基酸的开放阅读框,预测的分子量为8.46 kD,系泛素类似基因。在读码框的上游调控序列中,具有典型的晚期基因启动子序列ataag。氨基酸序列同源性分析结果表明,ApNPV与黄杉毒蛾Orgyia pseudotsugata核型多角体病毒 (OpNPV)的同源性最高 (96.1%),与苜蓿尺蠖Autographa californica核型多角体病毒 (AcNPV) 的同源性为86.8%,与棉褐带卷蛾Adoxophyes orana 颗粒体病毒 (AoGV) 的同源性最低（71.1%）,但与人类、线虫和酵母的泛素同源性分别为77.6%、76.3%和76.3%。一些氨基酸残基在真核生物中保守,在杆状病毒中不保守,个别氨基酸残基是杆状病毒所特有的,这些氨基酸序列的改变对杆状病毒泛素基因的作用有待进一步研究。     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)Hind III-L片段的序列分析

本文报道了棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒 (Helicoverpaarmigerasingle nucleocapsidnucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV)基因组的HindIII L片段的全序列。该片段全长 2 6 35bp ,包括 5个有意义的开放阅读框 :HaSNPVORF2 2 7,晚期表达因子 10基因 (lef10 ) ,vp10 5 4基因 ,Ac5 5 (AcMNPVORF5 5的同源基因 ) ,Ac5 6 (AcMNPVORF5 6的同源基因 )。与其它 6种杆状病毒的氨基酸序列比较表明 ,HaSNPV的lef10基因与甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒 (SeMNPV)的同源性最高 ,为6 4 % ,与冷杉毒蛾核型多角体病毒 (OpMNPV)的同源性最低 ,为 4 3% ;HaSNPV的vp10 5 4基因与SeMNPV的同源性最高 ,为 6 5 % ,与OpMNPV的同源性最低 ,为 4 9%。序列比较表明 ,HaSNPV的LEF10与VP10 5 4蛋白与其它 6种杆状病毒具有相同的保守区和亮氨酸拉链 (leucinezipper)     

四种杆状病毒血清学关系的研究

血清学性质可作为病毒分类鉴定的依据,为此作者提纯芹菜夜蛾核多角体病毒-D克隆株（SfaMNPV-D)与棉铃虫单粒包埋核型多角体病毒（HaSNPV),斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（SLMNPV）,粉蚊夜蛾颗粒体病毒（TnGV)等四种杆状病毒的病毒粒子和多角体蛋白（颗粒体蛋白）作为抗原免疫家兔后制取抗血清,经1%琼脂糖免疫电泳,结果发现多角体病毒之间血清关系比与颗粒病毒血清学关系更密切。     

ANALYSIS OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA SINGLE NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS IMMEDIATE EARLY 1 (IE‐1) GENE*

Abstract A 6.12 kb Xbal‐H fragment of the Helicoverpa armigem single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) gemone was cloned and the complete sequence of this fragment was sequenced by random sequencing method. Sequence comparison and analysis revealed an ORF13 which was homologous to ie‐1 of Auiographa California nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). The homologous encoding gene is ie‐1. The total length of the encoding region of HaSNPV gene was 1986 bp and was predicted to encode 661 amino acid protein(IE‐1) with molecular weight of 76.5 kD. The alingment of putative HaSNPV IE‐1 amino acid sequence with those of other 9 reported baculoviruses IE‐Is showed that the HaSNPV IE‐1 was most closely related to Helicoverpa zea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzNPV) IE‐1, with 97% amino acid identidy. But it showed a low degree of sequence similarity to those of AcMNPV, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), Choristoneura fumiferana nucleopolyhedrovirus (CfMNPV), Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV), Orgyia pseudotsugata nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV), Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV), Plutella xylostella granulovirus(PxGV) and Xestia c‐nigrum granulovirus (XcGV), with 23%, 23%, 23%, 25%, 23%, 14%, 27% and 7% amino acid identity, respectively. A phylogenetic tree of ten baculoviruses IE‐1 was also given.     

Molecular Cloning of a Genomic DNA Encoding Yam Class IV Chitinase

Genomic DNA for a class IV chitinase was cloned from yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb) leaves and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 50 to 59% identity to class IV chitinases from other plants. The yam chitinase, however, has an additional sequence of 8 amino acids (a C-terminal extension) following the cysteine that was reported as the last amino acid for other class IV chitinases; this extension is perhaps involved in subcellular localization. A homology model based on the structure of a class II chitinase from barley was used as an aid to interpreting the available data. The analysis suggests that the class IV enzyme recognizes an even shorter segment of the substrate than class I or II enzymes. This observation might help to explain why class IV enzymes are better suited to attack against pathogen cell walls.     

Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of the chitinase gene from the facultative pathogen Paecilomyces lilacinus

AIMS: To PCR-amplify the full-length genomic-encoding sequence for one chitinase from the facultative fungal pathogen Paecilomyces lilacinus, analyse the DNA and deduced amino acid sequences and compare the amino acid sequence with chitinases reported from mycopathogens, entomopathogens and nematopathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS: The encoding gene (designated as PLC) was isolated using the degenerate PCR primers and the DNA-Walking method. The gene is 1458 bp in length and contains three putative introns. A number of sequence motifs that might play a role in its regulation and function had also been found. Alignment of the translation product (designated as Plc, molecular mass of 45.783 kDa and pI of 5.65) with homologous sequences from other species showed that Plc belongs to Class V chitinase within the glycosyl hydrolase family 18. The phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analysis using mega (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis) indicated that these chitinases from mycopathogens, entomopathogens and nematopathogens, the majority of which belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 18, were clustered into two well-supported subgroups corresponding to ascomycetes fungal and nonfungal chitinases (bacteria, baculoviruses). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that chitinases from mycoparasitic, entomopathogenic and nematophagous fungi are closely related to each other and reaffirmed the hypothesis that baculovirus chitinase is most likely to be of a bacterial origin - acquired by gene transfer. Bacterial and baculoviral chitinases in our study are potential pathogenicity factors; however, we still cannot ascribe any specific function to those chitinases from the fungi. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the chitinase gene and its translation product from Paecilomyces lilacinus, which constitutes the largest number of formulated biological nematicides reported so far, this is also the first study to analyse and resolve the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary relationships among the chitinases produced by mycopathogens, entomopathogens and nematopathogens.     

Characterization of two antifungal endochitinases from barley grain

A basic chitinase (chitinase T, EC 3.2.1.14, molecular mass 33 kDa, pI 9.8) was isolated and compared with a previously described chitinase (chitinase C, molecular mass 28 kDa, pI 9.7). The two chitinases were isolated in homogeneous form from barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Bomi mutant 1508 grains either by two cation exchange steps or by one affinity step followed by cation exchange. Both chitinases are endochitinases with specific activities of 168 and 54 nkat (mg protein)⁻¹ for chitinase T and chitinase C, respectively. Both inhibit the growth of Trichoderma viride efficiently. The lysozyme activity of both chitinases is 10⁴ times lower than that of hen egg-white lysozyme as measured by lysis of cell walls of Micrococcus lysodeikticus . The amino acid composition and two partial amino acid sequences of chitinase T were determined. A 23 residue sequence of the N-terminal domain of chitinase T, which was not present in chitinase C, showed 73% identity with domain B of wheat germ lectin and 65% identity with the N-terminal domain of an endochitinase from bean leaves (deduced from cDNA). A 9 amino acid sequence of a cyanogen bromide fragment of chitinase T was identical with a cDNA deduced sequence of a barley aleurone endochitinase but differed in one residue from chitinase C. Generally, the two grain chitinases have physico-chemical and enzymatic properties similar to the plant leaf chitinases characterized. Both chitinases are localized in the aleurone layer and starchy endosperm of developing and germinating grain, but not in the embryo. The appearance of chitinases T and C at a late state of grain development suggests a role for these enzymes as a defense against fungi in the quiescent and germinating grain.     

Structure of the gene encoding chitinase D of Bacillus circulans WL-12 and possible homology of the enzyme to other prokaryotic chitinases and class III plant chitinases.

The gene (chiD) encoding the precursor of chitinase D was found to be located immediately upstream of the chiA gene, encoding chitinase A1, which is a key enzyme in the chitinase system of Bacillus circulans WL-12. Sequencing analysis revealed that the deduced polypeptide encoded by the chiD gene was 488 amino acids long and the distance between the coding regions of the chiA and chiD genes was 103 bp. Remarkable similarity was observed between the N-terminal one-third of chitinase D and the C-terminal one-third of chitinase A1. The N-terminal 47-amino-acid segment (named ND) of chitinase D showed a 61.7% amino acid match with the C-terminal segment (CA) of chitinase A1. The following 95-amino-acid segment (R-D) of chitinase D showed 62.8 and 60.6% amino acid matches, respectively, to the previously reported type III-like repeating units R-1 and R-2 in chitinase A1, which were shown to be homologous to the fibronectin type III sequence. A 73-amino-acid segment (residues 247 to 319) located in the putative activity domain of chitinase D was found to show considerable sequence similarity not only to other bacterial chitinases and class III higher-plant chitinases but also to Streptomyces plicatus endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H and the Kluyveromyces lactis killer toxin alpha subunit. The evolutionary and functional meanings of these similarities are discussed.     

Molecular cloning of a genomic DNA encoding yam class IV chitinase

Genomic DNA for a class IV chitinase was cloned from yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb) leaves and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 50 to 59% identity to class IV chitinases from other plants. The yam chitinase, however, has an additional sequence of 8 amino acids (a C-terminal extension) following the cysteine that was reported as the last amino acid for other class IV chitinases; this extension is perhaps involved in subcellular localization. A homology model based on the structure of a class II chitinase from barley was used as an aid to interpreting the available data. The analysis suggests that the class IV enzyme recognizes an even shorter segment of the substrate than class I or II enzymes. This observation might help to explain why class IV enzymes are better suited to attack against pathogen cell walls.     

Isolation and characterization of chitinases from Verticillium lecanii

Degenerate PCR primers corresponding to conserved domains of fungal chitinases were designed, and PCR was performed on genomic DNA of the entomogenous fungus Verticillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Viegas. Two distinct PCR fragments, chf1 and chf2, were isolated and used to identify two DNA contigs. Analyses of these two contigs revealed that we had obtained the full-length DNA sequence including the promoter, 5' untranslated region, open reading frame (ORF), and 3' untranslated regions for two distinct chitinase-like genes. These two genomic DNA sequences exhibited 51% identity at the amino acid (aa) level and were designed as acidic (chi1) and basic (chi2) chitinase-like genes. The isolated cDNA for chi1 gene is 1110 bp with a predicted protein of 370 aa and molecular mass of 40.93 kDa, and its ORF was uninterrupted in its corresponding genomic DNA sequence. The cDNA for the chi2 gene is 1269 bp, a predicted ORF of 423 aa and molecular mass of 45.95 kDa. In contrast, the ORF was interrupted by three introns in its corresponding genomic DNA. The basic chitinase gene (chi2) was successfully expressed in the Pichia pastoris system; optimum enzymatic activity was observed at 22 degrees C and at pH 7.5. CHI1 and CHI2 were clustered into two different phylogenetic groups according to their sequence alignments with 28 other fungal chitinases. A chitin-binding domain, comprising two sub-domains that exhibit similarities at the aa level to chitin binding domains in bacteria, was identified in 30 fungal chitinase sequences examined.