有机酸对苗期水稻吸收和运输镉的影响

采用营养液培养法,研究了水(对照)、柠檬酸、苹果酸和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)4个处理对不同品种水稻幼苗吸收和转运Cd的影响及其对根中Cd的解析作用。结果表明:与对照相比,EDTA的添加明显抑制了水稻根部对Cd的吸收,使水稻幼苗地上部和根中Cd的含量分别降低了90%和96%;但促进了Cd向地上部的运输,地上部Cd量占总吸收量的43.0%~55.9%(对照组为20.0%~32.2%)。而柠檬酸和苹果酸的添加对水稻根系吸收和运输Cd的影响较弱。3种有机酸对不同水稻品种Cd吸收的影响趋势一致。解析试验的结果表明,EDTA对根中的Cd具有较强的解吸能力,而柠檬酸和苹果酸相对较弱。     

苹果酸和草酸对两种植物吸收土壤中Cd、Zn 的影响

向受Cd、Zn 复合污染土壤中添加5.51、11.0、16.5 mmol·kg^–1(干土)苹果酸和草酸, 研究天然小分子有机酸对土壤Cd、Zn 的形态转化及小飞扬草(Euphorbia thymifolia L.)和三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)积累Cd、Zn 的影响。结果显示: 添加苹果酸、草酸处理, 土壤中酸提取态Cd、Zn 含量比对照分别增加0.13%-1.30%、4.25%-13.4%, 有机酸对土壤中Cd 和Zn 有一定的活化作用。苹果酸和草酸促进小飞扬草和三叶鬼针草对目标重金属的积累、强化效果: 苹果酸≈草酸。添加11.0 mmol·kg^–1 苹果酸处理使小飞扬草对Cd+Zn 的总积累量达63.9 mg·kg^–1, 添加11.0 mmol·kg^–1 草酸处理使三叶鬼针草对Cd+Zn 的总积累量达128mg·kg^–1。有机酸促进三叶鬼针草向地上部转运Cd 和Zn, 促进小飞扬草向地上部转运Cd, 仅添加11.0 mmol·kg^–1 苹果酸、草酸和添加16.5 mmol·kg^–1 草酸处理促进小飞扬草向地上部转运Zn。有机酸处理下, 小飞扬草和三叶鬼针草地上部Cd 含量与地上部Zn 含量显著正相关, 相关系数分别为0.533 和0.813。添加一定浓度的有机酸可以活化土壤重金属, 促进植物地上部对Cd、Zn 的富集, 提高植物对重金属的积累, 加快重金属污染土壤的修复。     

秋华柳和枫杨幼苗对镉的积累和耐受性

以秋华柳和枫杨当年实生幼苗为研究对象,采用向土壤添加外源镉(CdCl₂ · 2.5H₂O)的形式设置了0(对照组)、10 、20 、50、100 mg/kg 5个处理,研究了镉胁迫下秋华柳和枫杨幼苗的生长、生物量变化和根茎叶镉含量,并评价了两树种的耐性指数(Ti)、转移系数(Tf)和生物富集系数(BCF)。结果表明:(1)在镉含量为10 mg/kg时,秋华柳和枫杨幼苗基于生长和生物量参数的耐性指数(Ti)分别为91.72和91.62,与对照组相比无显著变化,其余各组(20、50、100 mg/kg)则显著低于对照植株(P<0.05);(2) 土壤镉浓度小于20mg/kg时,秋华柳植株茎、叶镉积累量分别高达61.73 mg/kg、163.04 mg/kg,根镉积累量为91.05 mg/kg;枫杨植株茎、叶镉积累量最高分别为7.9 mg/kg、5.25 mg/kg,仅为秋华柳茎、叶的12.8%和3.2%,根镉积累量高达190.68 mg/kg;(3) 除对照外,秋华柳幼苗各部分镉含量为叶＞根＞茎,转移系数(Tf)介于0.789-1.513之间,枫杨幼苗各部分镉含量为根＞茎＞叶,转移系数(Tf)介于0.037-0.044之间,远远小于秋华柳Tf;(4)秋华柳和枫杨幼苗在土壤镉浓度为10 mg/kg时具有很高的生长适应性和耐性,秋华柳根吸收的镉向地上部分转移能力、地上部分积累镉的能力都远远大于枫杨,生物富集系数(BCF)进一步证实了这一特性。研究证明,秋华柳植株具有很高的镉耐性、镉转移能力及地上部分积累镉的能力,适合于镉污染严重区域的植物修复。     

低磷胁迫下AM真菌对枳实生苗吸磷效应及根系分泌有机酸的影响

在温室沙培灭菌条件下,以Al-P为磷源、枳为试材、Glomus mosseae (G.m)和G.versiforme (G.v)为菌剂,研究低磷胁迫下AM真菌对枳实生苗干物重、吸磷效应及根系分泌有机酸的影响。结果表明,接种AM真菌显著增加枳地上部、地下部干物重,增幅16.79%~135.25%;同时显著增加其吸磷量,菌丝对植株的吸磷贡献率为17.04%~71.95%(G.m>G.v),施Al-P显著提高菌丝吸磷贡献率。接种AM真菌的根系分泌的有机酸种类与对照有所不同,未接种处理枳分泌的有机酸有草酸、苹果酸、乳酸、乙酸、顺丁烯二酸和柠檬酸等6种,而接种G.m的则检测到草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、丁二酸等7种,G.v处理的检测到酒石酸,接种处理均未检测到顺丁烯二酸;接种丛枝菌根真菌增加了枳根系分泌有机酸的量(比未接种处理增加19.80~56.87 mg/kg,且施用AlPO₄后有机酸含量显著增加(增加20.06~21.84 mg/kg);未接种植株根系仅分泌少量有机酸;接种植株根系分泌的有机酸以苹果酸(42.87%)、柠檬酸(39.22%)和草酸(12.06%)为主。     

EGTA和酒石酸对蓖麻Cd胁迫与积累的调控作用

通过盆栽试验研究了解毒剂酒石酸与螯合剂EGTA的单施与配施对强化蓖麻修复Cd污染土壤的作用,探讨重金属污染土壤植物修复中螯合剂与解毒剂配合使用的可行性。结果显示:(1)除酒石酸单施处理外,其余处理均可显著提高土壤中醋酸提取态Cd含量,增强土壤Cd的活性,并以酒石酸与EGTA配施的效果更显好,其土壤醋酸提取态Cd含量为对照的1.41~2.49倍。(2)EGTA能有效促进Cd从蓖麻根部向地上部的转移,但高剂量EGTA处理对蓖麻根系有明显的毒害作用;EGTA与酒石酸配合施能缓解Cd对植株的毒害作用,增大蓖麻生物量和Cd积累量,其地上部Cd积累量比对照增加4.56~8.32倍。(3)蓖麻叶片Cd含量、地上部积累总量以及土壤净化率随土壤醋酸提取态Cd含量的升高而增大,并且呈良好的线性递增关系。研究表明,酒石酸与EGTA配施可通过调控土壤Cd的植物可利用性和降低Cd的生理毒性来提高蓖麻对Cd的富集能力和对Cd污染土壤的修复效果。     

紫色小白菜有机酸的提取优化及UPLC定量分析

为建立一种紫色小白菜中精准的有机酸提取及定性定量分析方法。本研究在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken的中心组合试验设计原理,设计响应面试验优化紫色小白菜有机酸的提取工艺。结果表明,紫色小白菜有机酸提取的最优工艺参数为:乙醇浓度73%,料液比1∶21,超声时间11 min,超声温度70℃。通过超高效液相色谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLC)对紫色小白菜叶片和叶柄部位有机酸进行定性定量分析,检测出苹果酸、柠檬酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸和酒石酸,其中苹果酸含量最高,分别为15.968、5.019 mg/g;其次为柠檬酸,分别为9.293、1.385 mg/g。定性定量结果表明,紫色小白菜叶片及叶柄部位含有丰富有机酸类物质,叶片部位苹果酸、柠檬酸、丙二酸、酒石酸含量均高于叶柄部位,而琥珀酸含量较低。     

香根草对镉毒害的生理响应——采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)

为阐明香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)对镉(Cd~(2+))胁迫的耐性机理及其对重金属Cd~(2+)的积累特征,通过水培试验,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)研究在不同Cd~(2+)浓度处理时香根草根、茎、叶化学组分的变化,同时测定香根草叶Cd~(2+)的亚细胞分布和其重金属Cd~(2+)含量。结果表明,其根组织在2927 cm~(-1)处峰高先下降后上升,表明在低Cd~(2+)(Cd~(2+)3 mg/L)处理条件下香根草分泌的有机酸不断螯合Cd~(2+),造成羧酸O—H的减少,但随着Cd~(2+)含量的升高,其羧酸螯合力变弱,有机酸含量渐渐升高;茎组织在1631 cm~(-1)峰高处先上升后下降,表明在低Cd~(2+)(Cd~(2+)3 mg/L)处理条件下香根草产生氨基酸、多肽和蛋白质等物质,通过渗透调节来增强抗逆性,但随着Cd~(2+)含量的升高,蛋白质二级结构中肽键间氢键的结合力受影响较大。当Cd~(2+)处理浓度为7 mg/L时,香根草生长10 d后,地上部分及根组织富集Cd~(2+)量分别高达212.49 mg/kg和290.59 mg/kg。香根草地上部分的Cd~(2+)含量随Cd~(2+)处理浓度的增加而增加。香根草叶片富集的Cd~(2+)主要分布于细胞质中,其次为细胞壁,而在线粒体和叶绿体中含量最低。     

缺磷条件下低分子量有机酸对大豆氮积累和结瘤固氮的影响

采用砂培方法在温室条件下研究了低分子量有机酸柠檬酸、草酸、苹果酸及3种酸的混合物对大豆植株氮素积累、结瘤和固氮的影响.结果表明：低分子量有机酸对大豆植株氮素积累有显著的抑制作用,使大豆地上部各时期氮素积累量的降低幅度分别为：苗期17.6%～44.9%,花期29.8%～88.4%,鼓粒期9.18%～69.6%,成熟期2.21%～41.7%;低分子量有机酸对大豆根瘤生长和固氮能力也有显著影响,表现为使根瘤数量、根瘤固氮酶活性和豆血红蛋白含量显著降低,降低幅度分别为11.4%～59.6%,80.5%～91.7%和11.9%～59.9%,从而使大豆的固氮效率降低,最终导致大豆的固氮量较对照显著降低(降低幅度9.71%～64.5%).低分子量有机酸对大豆氮积累、根瘤生长和固氮能力的抑制作用随浓度的增加而增加.3种有机酸中,草酸的抑制作用相对大于柠檬酸和苹果酸,3种有机酸混合后,抑制作用加强.     

蕹菜不同镉积累品种的根际土壤化学特征

采用根箱试验研究蕹菜低Cd品种(QLQ)和高Cd品种(T308)的根际土壤化学特征.结果表明:QLQ根际DTPA-Cd含量显著高于T308(P0.05).QLQ根际pH、氧化还原电位(Eh)显著高于T308(P0.05),电导率(EC)的表现相反.QLQ根际有机质和水溶性有机质(DOM)含量均高于T308.在污染土壤上,根际低分子量有机酸的组成与含量均存在品种间差异.T308根际检测到乙酸、丙酸、柠檬酸和延胡索酸,而QLQ根际仅检测到柠檬酸和延胡索酸.QLQ根际低分子量有机酸总量(1.93 nmol·g-1DM)极显著低于T308(15.11 nmol·g-1DM,P0.01).与T308比较,QLQ表现出明显不同的根际土壤化学特征.推测QLQ低Cd积累的根际化学机理可能在于:较高含量的有机质、较低含量的低分子量有机酸及其特异性组成,以及较低的酸化和还原能力,导致其对土壤Cd的活化能力较低,从而降低植株对Cd的吸收积累.     

黑麦草生长过程中有机酸对镉毒性的影响

研究了低分子量有机酸草酸、柠檬酸、乙酸及高分子量有机酸胡敏酸对黑麦草(Lolium Loinn)生长过程中Cd毒性的影响.结果表明,随着低分子量有机酸浓度增加,Cd毒性有所增强,致使黑麦草中的叶绿素含量降低及黑麦草的生物量降低,递降顺序是草酸＜乙酸＜柠檬酸.而施入胡敏酸后,Cd毒性逐渐减弱,黑麦草中的叶绿素含量及黑麦草生物量逐渐增加.对低分子量有机酸而言,无论迁移到黑麦草茎叶中,还是迁移到黑麦草根系中的Cd,随着施入的有机酸浓度增加,增加顺序为柠檬酸＞乙酸＞草酸.对胡敏酸而言,迁移到黑麦草茎叶和根系中的Cd,随着施入的胡敏酸浓度增加,Cd含量减少,说明其具有降低Cd毒性的作用.另外,根系中Cd含量明显高于茎叶中Cd含量,由此得知,黑麦草根系对Cd有较强的富集作用,并阻止Cd向茎叶中迁移.     

Specific Cd2+ uptake of encapsulated Aureobasidium pullulans biosorbents

Calcium alginate capsules containing Aureobasidium pullulans cells were prepared by an in-situ one-step method. The Cd²⁺uptakes of free biosorbent and capsule biosorbent were described well by the Freundlich isotherms. The Cd²⁺ uptake of capsule biosorbent was lower than that of free biosorbent with Cd^{2 +}at 100 mg l^–1. The total cadmium uptake of capsule biosorbent increased with the increase in encapsulated cell density and plateaued at a value of 23 g Cd²⁺/capsule with 150 g dry biosorbent l^–1 core volume of a capsule. The specific cadmium uptake of encapsulated biosorbent was 85% to that of free biosorbent at 35 g biosorbent dry weight l^–1 core volume of a capsule, decreased to 35% at 176 g biosorbent dry weight l^–1.     

EGTA对Cd胁迫下蓖麻Cd积累和营养元素吸收的影响

以‘淄蓖麻5号’蓖麻品种为材料,通过盆栽试验研究了重度Cd土壤污染（100 mg·kg^-1）条件下,不同浓度（0、0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol·kg^-1）外源螯合剂——乙二醇双(2-氨基乙基醚)四乙酸(EGTA)对蓖麻植株生长、Cd积累和营养元素吸收的影响,探讨外源螯合剂调控Cd污染土壤上植物生长和修复效应。结果显示：（1）在Cd胁迫下,土壤中外源添加0.5~2.0 mmol·kg^-1EGTA使蓖麻根系鲜、干重比不添加EGTA对照不同程度降低,但植株总干重没有受到显著影响。（2）外源EGTA能有效促进Cd从蓖麻根部向地上部的转移,2.0 mmol·kg^-1的EGTA处理使蓖麻叶片Cd 含量显著增加了41.34倍;与不添加EGTA对照相比,外源EGTA处理蓖麻叶片中Cd积累量随添加EGTA的浓度增加而显著大幅度增加14.0~45.6倍,占相应植株总积累量的36.89%~58.63%,而茎中Cd积累量增加幅度较小,根中Cd积累量则显著降低。（3）Cd胁迫条件下,外源EGTA对蓖麻各器官矿质元素含量的影响不一,EGTA促进K向蓖麻地上部的转运,同时抑制Mg向植株地上部转运;随土壤添加的EGTA浓度提高,蓖麻植株对Ca吸收表现为低促高抑,叶片Zn含量和植株Cu含量逐渐增加,叶片和根系Fe含量及植株各器官Mn含量显著增加。与无Cd胁迫对照相比,EGTA在提高植株Cd积累的同时,降低了根系对K的吸收。研究表明,Cd胁迫显著抑制了蓖麻植株的生长,适宜浓度的外源EGTA对Cd的这种抑制有显著的缓解作用;外源EGTA改变了Cd在蓖麻根、茎、叶中的积累分布情况,提高了Cd从根系向地上部,尤其是向叶片的转移能力,从而强化了蓖麻对Cd污染土壤的修复效率;在采用EGTA强化植物修复Cd污染土壤时,应适量增施K肥以保证植株的正常生理代谢。     

Tissue cadmium (Cd) concentrations of people living in a Cd polluted area, Japan

There are more than 50 cadmium (Cd) polluted areas in Japan. The severest general environmental Cd polluted area in Japan was the Jinzu River basin in Toyama Prefecture where Itai-itai disease had been endemic. The present study aimed to compare organ Cd concentrations of inhabitants who had been exposed to different levels of environmental Cd and to clarify the health effects of the environmental Cd exposure in Japan. Since 1960 we have measured tissue Cd concentrations of inhabitants with a history of living in a different Cd polluted areas. Study population living in Cd polluted areas were 36 (1 male, 35 females) patients with Itai-itai disease, 20 (7 males, 13 females) subjects suspected of having Itai-itai disease, 8 (2 males, 6 females) inhabitants in Cd polluted areas other than the Jinzu River basin. Subjects who had lived in Cd non-polluted area were 72 inhabitants. Cd concentrations in liver, pancreas and thyroid of those living in Cd polluted areas were as high as those of patients with Itai-itai disease, and their Cd concentrations in renal cortex were as low as those of patients with Itai-itai disease. The present study demonstrated that tissue Cd concentrations of some inhabitants in Cd polluted areas other than Jinzu River basin are equal to those of the patients with Itai-itai disease and that patients with Itai-itai disease were present even in these areas.     

一株耐Cd菌株的分离、鉴定及基本特性

【目的】从活性污泥中筛选耐镉(Cd)菌株,并研究其生长特性及对溶液中Cd~(2+)吸附的最佳条件,以期为重金属Cd污染水体的微生物修复提供菌株资源和应用技术参考。【方法】采用平板划线法,从活性污泥中分离、筛选、驯化出耐Cd菌株,通过16SrRNA基因序列分析及溶血试验、蛋白质毒素结晶试验进行初步鉴定,并采用单因素实验优化菌株的培养条件,通过正交实验确定菌粉吸附溶液中Cd~(2+)的最佳条件,同时利用SEM-EDS及FTIR分析探讨菌粉吸附Cd~(2+)的机理。【结果】经分离、驯化得到1株耐Cd细菌菌株,命名为H6,初步鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus),最大Cd~(2+)耐受浓度为350 mg/L。菌株H6的最佳生长条件为:pH 6.0–8.0,温度28°C,转速120–210 r/min,接种量1%–5%;菌株H6在生长过程中,培养液pH值先稍微下降然后不断上升。菌粉吸附Cd~(2+)的正交优化条件为:菌粉用量0.125 g/L,吸附时间2 h,pH 5.0,温度30°C,此条件下吸附量为205 mg/g。SEM-EDS分析和红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明,在吸附过程中主要作用基团有羟基、羧基、羰基、酰胺基和烷基,此外,Ca~(2+)与Cd~(2+)发生了离子交换。【结论】从活性污泥中分离出的菌株H6,初步鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),是1株具有较强Cd~(2+)吸附能力的细菌菌株。     

Soil pH Effects on Uptake of Cd and Zn by Thlaspi caerulescens

For phytoextraction to be successful and viable in environmental remediation, strategies that can optimize plant uptake must be identified. Thlaspi caerulescens is an important hyperaccumulator of Cd and Zn, whether adjusting soil pH is an efficient way to enhance metal uptake by T. caerulescens must by clarified. This study used two soils differing in levels of Cd and Zn, which were adjusted to six different pH levels. Thlaspi caerulescens tissue metal concentrations and 0.1 M Sr(NO₃)₂ extractable soil metal concentrations were measured. The soluble metal form of both Cd and Zn was greatly increased with decreasing pH. Lowering pH significantly influenced plant metal uptake. For the high metal soil, highest plant biomass was at the lowest soil pH (4.74). The highest shoot metal concentration was at the second lowest pH (5.27). For low metal soil, due to low pH induced Al and Mn toxicity, both plant growth and metal uptake was greatest at intermediate pH levels. The extraordinary Cd phytoextraction ability of T. caerulescens was further demonstrated in this experiment. In the optimum pH treatments, Thlaspi caerulescens extracted 40% and 36% of total Cd in the low and high metal soils, respectively, with just one planting. Overall, decreasing pH is an effective strategy to enhance phytoextraction. But different soils had various responses to acidification treatment and a different optimum pH may exist. This pH should be identified to avoid unnecessarily extreme acidification of soils.     

施氮对镉胁迫下山杨幼苗叶片氮磷钾吸收及镉积累量的影响

为探究山杨在重金属镉胁迫与增施外源氮复合处理条件下的生长及元素积累差异,该研究以山杨幼苗为材料,通过盆栽实验研究在重金属镉(Cd)胁迫下增施外源氮(N)对其形态、叶绿素、淀粉和可溶性糖含量、叶片中全氮(N)、全磷(P)、全钾(K)以及Cd含量的影响。结果表明：(1)单独Cd处理显著抑制山杨幼苗的叶片宽度和茎粗;施加外源N能够缓解Cd胁迫对植株的毒害,其叶长、叶宽和茎粗较单独Cd处理显著增加。(2)单独Cd处理后山杨叶片的叶绿素含量和淀粉含量均比对照显著下降,而其可溶性糖含量显著增加;与单独Cd处理相比,Cd+N复合处理后山杨的叶绿素含量显著增加,淀粉含量却显著下降,而可溶性糖含量略有降低。(3)与对照相比,单独Cd处理后,山杨叶片全N含量显著下降,全P含量显著增加;单独N和Cd+N复合处理后叶片全N含量均显著增加,全P含量均显著下降;全K含量在各处理下均无显著差异。(4)在Cd胁迫下山杨幼苗叶片的Cd含量比对照极显著增加,且Cd+N复合处理后叶片的Cd含量约是单独Cd处理的2倍。研究认为,增施氮素处理可显著提高山杨幼苗对镉胁迫环境的适应能力以及叶片对镉的富集能力。     

Cd induced changes in proline level and peroxidase activity in roots of rice seedlings

The effects of Cd on changes in proline level and peroxidase activity in roots of rice seedlings were investigated. CdCl₂ was effective in inhibiting root growth and in accumulating proline in roots. The inhibition of root growth by Cd is reversible. The reduction of root growth induced by Cd is closely associated with accumulation of proline in roots. External application of proline markedly inhibited root growth of rice seedlings in the absence of Cd. Ionically bound, but not soluble, peroxidase activity in roots was increased by CdCl₂. Proline treatment also resulted in an increase in ionically bound peroxidase activity in roots. The relationship between growth inhibition of roots induced by Cd and changes of proline level and peroxidase activity is discussed.Abbreviations POX peroxidase     

Genetic basis of Cd tolerance and hyperaccumulation in Arabidopsis halleri

The genetic basis of Cd tolerance and hyperaccumulation was investigated in Arabidopsis halleri. The study was conducted in hydroponic culture with a backcross progeny, derived from a cross between A. halleri and a non-tolerant and non-accumulating related species Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea, as well as with the parents of the backcross. The backcross progeny segregates for both cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation. The results support that (i) Cd tolerance may be governed by more than one major gene, (ii) Cd tolerance and Cd accumulation are independent characters, (iii) Cd and Zn tolerances co-segregate suggesting that they are under pleiotropic genetic control, at least to a certain degree, (iv) the same result was obtained for Cd and Zn accumulation.     

镉胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗内源一氧化氮和活性氧的生成

以"甘农三号"紫花苜蓿幼苗为材料,在水培条件下,研究了不同浓度镉(Cd)胁迫下紫花苜蓿根、茎和叶内源一氧化氮(NO)和活性氧(ROS)的生成机制以及根系活力的变化.结果表明:在0~2.0 mmol·L-1范围内,随着Cd浓度的增加,幼苗内NO含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,最后可维持在略高或持平于对照的水平.幼苗内一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活性、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、亚硝酸根离子(NO2-)含量和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量的变化与NO含量变化规律相似却又不全相同.NOS和NR是影响幼苗茎中NO含量的主要因素,NOS、NO2-和NR则是影响叶中NO含量的主要因素,而根中NO含量主要与NOS活性和NO2-含量有较大相关性.随着Cd浓度的增加,幼苗内过氧化氢(H2 O2)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧阴离子(O-2·)含量和相对电导率(REC)呈现显著升高趋势,说明高浓度的Cd处理会使ROS大量积累,细胞膜遭破坏,细胞质外流,进而引发膜脂过氧化.随着Cd浓度的增加,紫花苜蓿根系活力的变化为先升高后降低,指示了低浓度Cd处理会促进植物代谢,增强其生命力;而高浓度Cd会致使植株代谢受抑制,细胞受损害.NO和ROS的相关性不大,说明二者虽同为自由基,但它们产生和变化方式大有差别.     

Tolerance of Ricinus communis L. to Cd and screening of high Cd accumulation varieties for remediation of Cd contaminated soils

Response of castor (Ricinus communis L.) to cadmium (Cd) was assessed by a seed-suspending seedbed approach. Length of total radicle was the most sensitive indicator of Cd tolerance among the tested germination and growth characters. The ED₅₀ value for Cd was 11.87 mg L^?1, indicating high Cd tolerance in castor. A pot experiment was conducted by growing 46 varieties of castor under CK (without Cd) and Cd1 (10 mg kg^?1 of Cd) and Cd2 (50 mg kg^?1 of Cd) treatments to investigate genotype variations in growth response and Cd accumulation of castor under different Cd exposures. Castor possessed high Cd accumulation ability; average shoot and root Cd concentrations of the 46 tested varieties were 21.83 and 185.43 mg kg^?1, and 174.99 and 1181.96 mg kg^?1 under Cd1 and Cd2, respectively. Great variation in Cd accumulation was observed among varieties, and Cd concentration of castor was genotype dependent. The correlation between biomass and Cd accumulation was significantly positive, while no significant correlation was observed between Cd concentration and Cd accumulation, which indicated that biomass performance is the dominant factor in determining Cd accumulation ability.