脓毒症患者血清氧化应激因子、炎症因子水平与APACHEⅡ评分及预后的关系研究

目的:探讨脓毒症患者血清氧化应激因子、炎症因子水平与急性生理学与慢性健康状况II(APACHEⅡ)评分及预后的关系。方法:选择2016年1月-2019年10月我院收治的脓毒症患者76例作为研究组,同期收治的相同基础疾病非脓毒症患者60例作为对照组,比较两组血清氧化应激因子[丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)]、炎症因子[降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素27(IL-27)]水平及APACHEⅡ评分,根据脓毒症患者预后将其分为死亡组25例、存活组51例,比较两组上述指标,并分析脓毒症患者预后的影响因素及血清氧化应激因子、炎症因子水平与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性。结果:研究组血清MDA、PCT、CRP、IL-27及APACHEⅡ评分显著高于对照组,血清SOD、NO显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。死亡组血清MDA、PCT、CRP、IL-27及APACHEⅡ评分显著高于存活组,血清SOD、NO显著低于存活组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示MDA升高、SOD降低、NO降低、PCT升高、CRP升高、APACHEⅡ评分升高均是脓毒症患者死亡的危险因素(OR=2.293、1.872、1.527、2.472、1.667、1.926,P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,脓毒症患者血清MDA、PCT、CRP、IL-27水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r=0.563、0.582、0.441、0.302,P<0.05),血清NO、SOD水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关(r=-301、-0.386,P<0.05)。结论:脓毒症患者血清MDA、PCT、CRP、IL-27与APACHEⅡ评分异常升高,血清NO、SOD异常降低,可能通过对上述指标进行检测从而判断患者病情及评估其预后。     

不同预后脓毒症患者血清降钙素原、C反应蛋白与凝血功能指标和APACHE Ⅱ评分的关系分析

目的:探讨不同预后脓毒症患者血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)与凝血功能指标和急性生理和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分的关系。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年1月期间深圳市第二人民医院重症医学科收治的160例脓毒症患者(脓毒症组)与在深圳市第二人民医院接受住院治疗的160例非脓毒症患者(非脓毒症组)的临床资料,根据脓毒症组患者住院28d后的预后情况分为存活组118例和死亡组42例,比较脓毒症组和非脓毒症组以及死亡组和存活组患者血清PCT和CRP水平、APACHE II评分以及凝血功能指标,采用Pearson相关性回归分析脓毒症患者血清降钙素原和CRP水平与APACHEⅡ评分以及凝血功能指标相关性。结果:与非脓毒症组相比,脓毒症组的血清PCT和CRP水平以及APACHEⅡ评分明显升高,凝血酶原时间(PT)和部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)明显延长(均P<0.05)。与存活组相比,死亡组的血清PCT和CRP水平以及APACHEⅡ评分明显升高,而PT和APTT均明显延长(均P<0.05)。Pearson相关性回归分析结果显示,血清PCT和CRP水平与APACHEⅡ评分、PT及APTT均呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论:脓毒症患者血清PCT和CRP水平异常升高,APACHEⅡ评分及凝血功能指标均与血清PCT和CRP水平呈正相关,检测血清PCT和CRP水平有助于评估脓毒症患者的预后。     

不同分级及转归脓毒症患者血清PCT、D-D、CRP及血小板相关参数检测的临床意义

目的:探讨不同分级及转归脓毒症患者的血清降钙素原(PCT)、D-二聚体(D-D)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及血小板相关参数检测的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2015年3月至2018年8月期间中国人民解放军西部战区总医院收治的92例脓毒症患者的临床资料,分析不同分级及转归脓毒症患者的血清中PCT、D-D和CRP水平、急性病生理与慢性健康评价系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分及血小板相关参数[血小板计数(PLT)、血小板平均容积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、大型血小板比率(P-LCR)],并分析脓毒症患者PCT、D-D、CRP水平以及血小板相关参数与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性。结果:全身炎症反应综合征组、轻度脓毒症组、严重脓毒症组、脓毒性休克组血清PCT、D-D和CRP水平、MPV、PDW、P-LCR、APACHEⅡ评分逐渐升高(P0.05),PLT逐渐降低(P0.05)。存活组患者血清PCT、D-D、CRP水平、MPV、PDW、P-LCR、APACHEⅡ评分均低于死亡组(P0.05),PLT高于死亡组(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,脓毒症患者血清PCT、D-D、CRP、MPV、PDW、P-LCR与APACHE II评分呈正相关(P0.05),PLT与APACHE II评分呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:脓毒症患者血清PCT、D-D、CRP及血小板相关指标可能参与了脓毒症的发展,通过检测其血清PCT、D-D、CRP水平及血小板相关参数可评估脓毒症患者的病情和预后。     

脓毒症患者炎性因子、凝血功能与APACHEⅡ评分和预后的关系

目的:研究脓毒症患者炎性因子、凝血功能与急性生理学和慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分和预后的关系。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年1月我院收治的脓毒症患者150例为脓毒症组,所有患者根据预后结果分为死亡组(n=49)和存活组(n=101),选择同期在我院住院的非脓毒症患者98例为非脓毒症组,比较脓毒症组与非脓毒症组患者炎性因子、凝血功能指标水平及APACHEⅡ评分,同时比较死亡组和存活组患者炎性因子、凝血功能指标水平及APACHEⅡ评分,并分析脓毒症患者APACHEⅡ评分与炎性因子、凝血功能指标的相关性。结果:脓毒症组患者降钙素原(PCT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)水平及APACHEⅡ评分均高于非脓毒症组,血小板计数(PLT)低于非脓毒症组(P0.05),两组C-反应蛋白(CRP)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。死亡组患者PCT、APTT、PT水平及APACHEⅡ评分均高于存活组,PLT水平低于存活组(P0.05),两组CRP比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Spearman相关性分析结果显示,脓毒症患者APACHEⅡ评分与PCT、APTT、PT均呈正相关关系,与PLT呈负相关关系(P0.05),与CRP无相关性(P0.05)。结论:脓毒症患者PCT、APTT、PT水平明显上升,PLT水平明显下降,且均与患者的APACHEⅡ评分密切相关,临床可通过调节炎症因子水平及凝血功能指标从而改善患者的病情和预后。     

肺炎合并脓毒症患者血清hs CRP和PCT水平的变化

目的:研究肺炎合并脓毒症患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)水平的变化及其临床意义。方法:选择2012年2月~2015年12月在我院进行诊治的肺炎合并脓毒症患者80例,按照病情分为轻度脓毒症组28例,重度脓毒症组29例和脓毒性休克组23例,并选择20例同期进行体检健康者为对照组。同时按照患者2周内的存活情况分为死亡组和存活组。检测血清hs CRP、PCT水平,并进行急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分(APACHE)。结果:与对照组相比,三组脓毒症患者的血清hs CRP、PCT水平和APACHEⅡ评分均明显升高(P0.05);且随着脓毒症患者病情的加重,血清PCT水平和APACHEⅡ评分依次升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);与存活组相比,死亡组的血清hs CRP、PCT水平均明显升高(P0.05);Logistic回归分析结果表明,在控制了性别、年龄和其他因素后,血清hs CRP(OR=1.256,P0.05)、PCT(OR=1.132,P0.05)水平的升高是引起脓毒症患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论:肺炎合并脓毒症患者血清hs CRP、PCT水平均呈高表达状态,可以作为肺炎合并脓毒血症患者的病情严重程度以及预后的评价指标。     

连续性血液净化治疗联合乌司他丁对急性胰腺炎患者TLR4、血浆炎症因子及白介素的影响

目的:探究连续性血液净化联合乌司他丁对急性胰腺炎患者TLR4、白介素及血浆炎症因子的影响。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年1月我院接诊的72例急性胰腺炎患者,并采用随机的方法分为实验组与对照组各36例。实验组与对照组均进行基础治疗和乌司他丁治疗,而实验组还要进行连续性血液净化治疗。记录治疗后APACHEⅡ评分、住院时间、腹痛消失时间、血清淀粉酶恢复时间,测量患者治疗前和治疗一周后的TLR4、血浆炎症因子及白介素水平。结果:(1)实验组患者治疗后住院时间、血清淀粉酶恢复时间、APACHEⅡ评分、腹痛消失时间均显著低于或少于对照组患者(P0.05)。(2)相较于治疗前,两组患者治疗一周后的TLR4、CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平均显著降低(p0.05);实验组患者治疗一周后的TLR4、CRP、IL-6和TNF-α的水平均显著低于对照组(p0.05)。(3)实验组的治愈率(34.29%)和总有效率(74.29%)均显著高于对照组的治愈率(14.29%)和总有效率(48.57%)。结论:连续性血液净化治疗联合乌司他丁对急性胰腺炎患者的抗炎效果相较于单独使用乌司他丁疗效显著,能更好地降低炎症反应,使得TLR4、血浆炎症因子及白介素等炎症因子降低。     

脓毒症患者血清降钙素原、C-反应蛋白与凝血功能、病情评分的关系及预后的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨脓毒症患者血清降钙素原（PCT）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）与凝血功能、病情评分的关系及预后的影响因素。方法：选择2017年8月至2019年10月我院诊治的150例脓毒症患者作为研究对象,根据脓毒症组患者的生存状况将其分为存活组（n=118）和死亡组（n=32）。检测两组患者血清PCT、CRP水平,凝血酶原时间（PT）和部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）。采用急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)和序贯器官衰竭估计(SOFA)对两组患者病情进行评估。比较两组患者临床资料。相关性分析采用Pearson检验。患者预后的影响因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：与存活组相比,死亡组血清PCT、CRP,PT、APTT,APACHE II和SOFA评分均明显升高（P<0.05）。血清PCT>7.32 ng/mL、CRP>86.73 ng/mL、PT>15.48s、APTT>36.74s、APACHE Ⅱ评分>15.88分和SOFA评分>6.48分均是脓毒症患者死亡的危险因素（OR=2.099、1.747、2.333、1.596、1.916、2.208,P<0.05）。血清PCT和CRP均与APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分、PT和APTT呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论：血清PCT和CRP水平升高与脓毒症患者死亡相关,两者与脓毒症患者APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分、PT和APTT存在正相关,并且是患者不良预后的影响因素,在脓毒症患者预后的评估中具有一定临床价值。     

动态监测血清CRP和PCT水平对脓毒症患者预后判断的临床价值

目的:探讨动态监测血清C反应蛋白(CRP)和降钙素原(PCT)水平对脓毒症患者预后判断的临床应用价值。方法:选择我院重症监护病房2015年1月至2016年3月收治的116例脓毒症患者为研究对象,根据其28 d生存情况分为存活组和死亡组,比较两组患者入院第1、2、3、5、7 d的血清CRP、PCT水平的动态变化,入院第1 d白细胞、乳酸、APACHEⅡ评分和SOFA评分的差异,并分析血清CRP、PCT水平与APACHEⅡ评分和SOFA评分的相关性。结果:存活组和死亡组患者第1、2、3和5 d CRP水平无统计学差异,但死亡组患者第7 d CRP水平明显高于存活组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);存活组和死亡组患者第1、2和3 d PCT水平无统计学差异,但死亡组患者第5、7 d PCT水平明显高于存活组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);入院1 d,死亡组SOFA评分、APACHE II评分明显高于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);入院第7 d,患者CRP水平与SOFA评分和APACHE II评分呈正相关(R分别为0.387和0.396,P均0.01);入院第7 d,患者PCT水平与SOFA评分和APACHE II评分呈正相关(R分别为0.472和0.464,P均0.01);CRP为10.0 mg/L时敏感性为79.2%,特异性为70.8%。PCT为2.0μg/L时敏感性为76.3%,特异性为69.4%。结论:CRP、PCT可以评价脓毒性患者的严重程度,并且动态观察其变化有助于预测脓毒症患者的预后。     

血必净对脓毒症患者肺损伤和炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨血必净对脓毒症所致肺损伤患者肺功能和血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法:将2015年7月~2016年12月我院收治的76例脓毒症伴肺损伤患者随机分为研究组(n=38)和对照组(n=38),对照组给予常规治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上给予血必净治疗,治疗疗程为14天。比较两组治疗前后的血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)以及肺活量(VC)、最大通气量(MVV)、1 s用力呼气量(FEV1)、氧合指数(Pa O_2/Fi O_2)、慢性健康状况、急性生理评分Ⅱ(APACEⅡ)的变化、入住ICU时间和28 d死亡率。结果:治疗后,两组的血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6和APACEⅡ评分均较治疗前明显下降,VC、MVV、FEV1、Pa O_2/Fi O_2均较治疗前明显增加(P0.05),且但研究组血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6和APACEⅡ评分显著低于对照组,VC、MVV、FEV1、Pa O_2/Fi O_2均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组的入住ICU时间明显短于对照组,28 d死亡率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:血必净能明显提高脓毒症肺损伤患者的肺功能、降低炎症因子水平、降低死亡率。     

乌司他丁治疗急性胰腺炎的临床疗效及对患者血清炎性因子水平的影响

目的:观察乌司他丁在急性胰腺炎临床治疗中的作用效果,分析其临床治疗价值。方法:选取我院治疗的急性胰腺炎患者178例,根据治疗方法不同分为观察组和对照组,每组89例。对照组患者采用奥曲肽治疗,观察组患者采用乌司他丁与奥曲肽联合治疗。观察并比较治疗前后患者APACHEⅡ评分和血清炎症因子变化及临床疗效。结果:入院时,两组血清CRP、IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α、APACHEⅡ评分无统计差异(P0.05),治疗后,组内CRP、IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α、APACHEⅡ评分明显下降(P0.05);观察组CRP、IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α、APACHEⅡ评分显著低于参照组(P0.05);观察组临床总有效率(86.52%)显著高于参照组(71.91%),观察组并发症(12.36%)明显低于参照组(24.72%),P0.05,组间有统计差异。结论:乌司他丁能够显著提升急性胰腺炎的临床疗效,促进患者康复,其作用机制可能与抑制炎症因子表达有关。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

Cross-reactivity between storage and dust mites and between mites and shrimp

Many patients have sensitivities to multiple species of storage and house dust mites. It is not clear if this is because patients have multiple sensitivities to species-specific mite allergens or if these mites share many cross-reacting allergens. Our objective was to further define the cross-allergenicity between several species of storage and house dust mites using crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), crossed-radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), immunoblotting, and ELISA. CIE and CRIE reactions revealed that storage mites shared two cross-antigenic molecules and one of these bound IgE in a serum pool from mite allergic patients. Antibody in anti-sera built to each species of mite recognized many SDS–PAGE resolved proteins of other mite species and this suggested the potential for other cross-reactive allergens. Among patient sera, IgE bound to many different proteins but few had IgE that bound to a protein with common molecular weights across the mite species and this suggested mostly species-specific allergens. Antiserum built to each mite species precipitated one protein in shrimp extracts that bound anti-Der p 10 (tropomyosin) and IgE in the serum pool. Anti-Der p 10 showed strong binding to shrimp tropomyosin but very little to any of the mite proteins. ELISA showed the mite extracts contained very little tropomyosin. The storage and dust mites investigated contain mostly species-specific allergens and very small amounts of the pan-allergen tropomyosin compared to shrimp and snail.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。