哈尔滨地区手术室护士职业倦怠现状与社会支持的相关分析

目的:研究哈尔滨地区手术室护士职业倦怠现状与社会支持现状,分析其相关性,通过提高社会支持,减轻职业倦怠感.方法:通过目的抽样选取哈尔滨地区8所二甲以上的医院468名手术室护士进行调查,回收有效问卷450份,调查工具包括一般情况调查表、职业倦怠量表与社会支持量表.结果:在职业倦怠量表中,情感耗竭得分为29.42± 9.58,去个性化得分为7.45± 4.32,个人成就感得分为28.12±9.29.手术室护士的情感耗竭与主观支持存在显著相关(P＜0.01).去个性化与主观支持和支持利用度存在显著相关(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:预防手术室护士职业倦怠,应努力增加护士的社会支持,塑造良好的人格,更好地为社会大众服务.     

全科医师急救技能调查分析

目的:了解全科医师对急救技能掌握情况和对培训的态度。方法:对在我院参加培训28名社区全科医师急救技能进行调查,对心肺复苏中的胸外心脏按压频率、电除颤功率等问题进行理论和技能考核,并对4项技术(止血、包扎、固定和转运)进行技能考核。根据职称分为初级和中级2组,比较2组成绩差异;发放调查问卷,了解对急救技能培训的需求情况。结果:社区全科医师急救技能掌握普遍较差,心肺复苏技能平均合格率为14.2%,4项技术合格率为17.8%;初级与中级职称组成绩无差别(P>0.05);89.2%的社区全科医师认为急救技能非常重要,92.8%希望定期得到急救技能培训。结论:社区全科医师急救技能普遍掌握较差,应定期进行对他们急救技能培训。     

甲状腺功能减退症患者心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的:研究甲状腺功能减退症患者的心理健康状况及其影响因素,为预防、改善甲减患者心理健康状况提供参考依据。方法:选取2014年1月-2016年1月来我院治疗的226例甲减患者作为甲减组,另从杨浦区多个社区随机抽取同期254例健康者作为健康组,采用SCL-90症状自评量表、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)及一般情况调查问卷对两组研究对象进行调查,采用Logistic回归分析甲减患者的影响因素。结果:两组性别、年龄及职业之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而文化程度、经济收入的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);甲减组患者强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性评分及总分均高于健康组(P0.05);甲减组患者中焦虑、抑郁、人际关系敏感所占比重较高,分别为30.97%,26.11%,26.11%;与健康组相比,甲减组患者SSRS评分中主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度评分及总分均明显降低(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示社会支持、文化程度为小学、经济收入30000元/年是甲减患者心理健康的影响因素(P0.05)。结论:甲减患者心理状况较差,存在较严重的焦虑和抑郁情况,在治疗同时应注意健康教育和心理关怀,尤其是对收入低、文化程度低或社会支持程度低的患者,应给予及时的心理治疗,可提高患者的生活质量。     

南充市市民对急救电话120使用情况的调查分析

目的:调查南充市市民对急救电话120掌握的情况,为普及本市市民拨打120急救电话提供参考。方法:采用随机抽样问卷调查法对本市1423名市民进行问卷调查。结果:市里对急救电话120的宣传少,市民对如何正确拨打急救电话120掌握不全,市民急切希望在自己周围多多宣传120相关知识。结论:应积极采取措施对市民进行120相关急救知识培训,提高市民应急处理能力。     

慢性心力衰竭患者生活质量与社会支持的关系及其影响因素分析

目的:探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者生活质量与社会支持的关系及其影响因素。方法:选取我院于2019年1月～2020年5月期间收治的230例CHF患者纳入研究组,选取同期来我院行常规心血管体检的健康志愿者100例作为对照组。采用明尼苏达州心力衰竭生活质量问卷(MLHFQ)评价两组生活质量,选用社会支持评定量表对两组的社会支持进行评价。采用Pearson相关性分析CHF患者生活质量与社会支持的相关性,采用单因素以及多因素Logistic回归分析CHF患者的生活质量的影响因素。结果:研究组的症状、体力、情绪、社会经济、总分均高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组客观支持、个体对支持的利用度、主观支持、总分均高于对照组(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果表明,CHF患者生活质量总分与社会支持总分呈正相关(P0.05)。单因素分析结果可知,CHF患者生活质量与年龄、性别、文化程度、日常生活能力、病程、心功能分级、主要照顾者身份、照顾者健康状况有关(P0.05),而与婚姻状况、居住情况无关(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄、文化程度、日常生活能力、主要照顾者身份及照顾者健康状况为CHF患者生活质量的影响因素(P0.05)。结论:CHF患者的生活质量与社会支持密切相关,且年龄、文化程度、日常生活能力、主要照顾者身份及照顾者健康状况为CHF患者生活质量的影响因素,临床医护人员应采取有针对性的干预措施以提高CHF患者的生活质量。     

维持性血液透析患者孤独状况与社会支持的关系研究

目的:调查维持性血液透析(MHD)患者的孤独状况,并探讨其与社会支持的关系。方法:采用问卷调查的方式对145例2018年1月至2019年6月期间来我院就诊的MHD患者(实验组)和同期150例健康状况良好正常人(对照组)进行调查,内容包括一般资料调查表、孤独量表(UCLA)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS),单因素Logistic回归模型筛选出造成孤独状况的危险因素,再采用非条件多因素Logistic回归模型计算危险因素与疾病的相关性。结果:实验组UCLA得分为(65.12±12.38)分,明显高于对照组的(25.38±5.57)分(P0.05),实验组SSRS量表中客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度以及总分分别为(14.86±1.89)分、(13.12±2.13)分、(10.88±1.56)分、(35.21±11.82)分,均低于对照组的(18.78±3.23)分、(20.95±3.06)分、(15.61±2.28)分、(50.98±15.24)分(P0.05)。多因素非条件Logistic回归显示MHD患者孤独状态的危险因素依次是客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度、透析年限及年龄(OR=5.246、4.568、4.315、4.172、2.342,均P0.05)。结论:MHD患者处于较为严重的孤独状态,社会支持是造成患者孤独状况的首要危险因素,良好的社会支持可以改善MHD患者的孤独状况。     

SGRQ、CAT和CCQ问卷在COPD患者生活质量中的评估价值比较

目的:对比分析圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(CAT)和临床慢性阻塞性肺疾患调查问卷(CCQ)在慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)患者生活质量中的评估价值。方法:收集我院呼吸内科2013年6月-2014年6月的门诊和住院治疗稳定期COPD患者60例,隔天应用SGRQ、CAT和CCQ问卷分别对60例患者生活质量进行评估,分析三种问卷以及与肺功能指标(FEV1%、FEVl/FVC、6MWD)的相关性。结果:SGRQ问卷完成时间及协助比例均大于CAT、CCQ问卷,比较均差异有统计学意义(P0.05);SGRQ问卷评分与肺功能指标呈现负相(r=-0.687、-0.587、-0.876,均P0.05);CCQ问卷评分与肺功能指标呈现负相关(r=-0.359、-0.338、-0.789,均P0.05);CAT问卷评分与肺功能指标呈现负相关(r=-0.455、-0.348、-0.877,均P0.05);三种问卷评分之间都具有高度相关性(P0.05)。结论:SGRQ、CAT和CCQ评分与COPD患者生活质量的相关性均较高,其中SGRQ的相关性最好,是评价COPD患者生活质量一个敏感、有效、可行的方法,值得临床上采纳使用。     

神经外科实习带教中案例教学法的应用价值分析

目的:研究神经外科实习带教中案例教学法的应用价值。方法:选取2014年8月到2015年1月我院神经外科实习生240例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组120例。对照组给予传统教学法,研究组在对照组的基础上给予案例教学,实习时间均为1个月。实习结束给予实习生兴趣满意调查表,并进行出科考试。结果:研究组调查问卷得分显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组出科成绩比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:案例教学应用于神经外科实习具有较好的效果,能提高实习生对神经外科的兴趣。     

非小细胞肺癌化疗患者应对方式与生活质量的相关性研究

目的:调查非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)化疗患者应对方式与生活质量的相关性。方法:选择2016年5月-2018年5月在我院接受化疗的NSCLC患者共110例,分别采用肺癌生命质量量表(EORTC-QLQ.C30)、肺癌患者生活质量调查问卷(EORTC-QLQ.LC13)和医学应对方式问卷(MCMQ)对患者生活质量与应对方式进行调查,分析其相关性,并采用多元逐步回归分析整体生活质量的影响因素。结果:不同化疗阶段,患者功能维度得分和整体生活质量得分显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),症状维度得分和化疗相关副反应得分显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。肺癌表现得分的差异和三种应对方式得分的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。患者采取面对方式和回避方式的得分均高于屈服方式(P0.05)。面对方式与患者整体生活质量呈正相关,回避方式、屈服方式与患者整体生活质量呈负相关。多元逐步回归分析显示:年龄、疾病转移及面对方式是NSCLC化疗患者整体生活质量的影响因素(P0.05)。结论:NSCLC化疗患者应对方式与生活质量存在一定的相关性,应有效的发挥积极应对方式对生活质量的促进作用,提高患者生活质量。     

不同睡眠剥夺时间对大鼠下丘脑内单胺类神经递质的影响

目的:探讨不同睡眠剥夺时间对大鼠认知功能的影响以及对下丘脑内单胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、五羟吲哚乙酸、五羟色胺的含量的影响。方法:32只健康雄性wistar大鼠随机分为4组,即96 h、120 h、144 h睡眠剥夺,正常对照组。利用睡眠剥夺箱建立大鼠SD模型,避暗穿梭法测试大鼠认知功能,高效液相电化学检测法测定下丘脑内单胺类神经递质含量。结果:大鼠避暗穿梭实验,与对照组比较,96 h、120 h组大鼠潜伏期显著缩短(P0.05);与对照组比较,各组大鼠下丘脑内NA含量均有下降(P0.05);与对照组比较,各组大鼠下丘脑内DA含量均显著下降,(P0.01),96 h、120 h、144 h组间比较,表现出含量逐渐减少的趋势;与对照组比较,各组5-HIAA含量均有上升,且120 h组明显高于其他各组(P0.05),其他组无显著性差异(P0.05);与对照组比较,各组5-HT含量均有升高,120 h、144 h组显著升高(P0.01),96 h组无显著性(P0.05)。结论:睡眠剥夺可以使大鼠中枢NA、DA含量下降,5-HIAA、5-HT含量升高,且随着睡眠剥夺时间的延长,变化更为明显,这可能是睡眠剥夺损害认知功能的原因之一。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入手术时间窗与血清FGF-21水平的相关性

摘要 目的：探究急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入手术时间窗与血清FGF-21水平的相关性。方法：选取2019年3月-2021年5月在我院接受PPCI手术并住院治疗且符合STEMI诊断标准的73例患者,根据FGF-21水平高低,将73例患者分为FGF-21低水平组（>140.41 ng/L,n=54例）和FGF-21高水平组（<140.41 ng/L,n=19例）。对比分析两组患者的一般临床资料、急救时间窗和SO-to-FMC时间差异,再通过Spearson法判断急救时间窗与FGF-21水平的相关性。结果：FGF-21低水平组患者的急救时间窗SO-to-FMC、FMC-to-B、D2B和STB均较FGF-21高水平组患者时间长,且SO-to-FMC时间>120 min是导致FGF-21水平变低的危险因素,介入手术时间窗指标与FGF-21水平均呈正相关（r=0.235、0.462、0.298、0.337）。高血压史、糖尿病史、首次医疗接触方式（急诊）和SO-to-FMC均是FGF-21水平变化的独立危险因素,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：SO-to-FMC时间和STB时间延长可能促进STEMI患者FGF-21水平异常,故应严格把握好院外的急救时间。     

院前急救服务地理可及性指标计算与可视化表达研究

?????? 目的 探索院前急救服务地理可及性指标的计算方法及可视化表达的技术。方法 通过分析院前急救服务的特点及影响院前急救服务地理可及性的因素,确定反映院前急救服务地理可及性的指标;应用地理信息系统,确定指标计算与可视化表达的技术,并应用某市数据进行模拟实验,检验方法的可行性与可视化表达的效果。结果 急救中心与急救医院的地理布局、急救中心车辆的配置是影响院前急救服务地理可及性的两大重要因素,分别通过到达急救中心与急救医院的距离、每万人拥有的急救车辆数来评价,两个指标经标化相乘来综合反映居民获得院前急救服务的方便程度;以ArcGIS10.0软件为平台进行指标的具体计算与可视化表达。结论 地图可视化表达院前急救服务地理可及性直观展示了急救资源的地理布局及地理可及性的区域差异。     

我国省级卫生应急人员风险评估认知现状评价

?????? 目的 了解我国省级卫生应急人员对突发公共卫生事件风险评估的认知状况。方法 采用问卷调查的方法,对全国31个省（市、自治区）承担突发公共卫生事件应急处置的省级卫生应急工作人员进行调查,共计调查415名。结果 应急人员普遍意识到突发公共卫生事件信息监测的重要性,但对监测信息来源认知较局限;对风险评估概念熟悉程度较低,且不同机构之间的认知存在一定差异;对风险评估工作的认知也存在分歧,认知水平亟待进一步提高。结论 应完善信息获取途径、加强风险评估的宣传与培训、建立健全风险评估制度。     

The Treatment of Snake Bites in a First Aid Setting: A Systematic Review

BackgroundThe worldwide burden of snakebite is high, especially in remote regions with lesser accessibility to professional healthcare. Therefore, adequate first aid for snakebite is of the utmost importance. A wide range of different first aid techniques have been described in literature, and are being used in practice. This systematic review aimed to summarize the best available evidence concerning effective and feasible first aid techniques for snakebite.MethodsA systematic literature screening, performed independently by two authors in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and Embase resulted in 14 studies, fulfilling our predefined selection criteria, concerning first aid techniques for snakebite management. Data was extracted and the body of evidence was appraised according to the GRADE approach.ConclusionsThe practical recommendation for the treatment of snakebite in a first aid setting is to immobilize the victim, while awaiting the emergency services. However, given the low to very low quality of the data collected, high quality randomized controlled trials concerning the efficacy and feasibility of different variations of the pressure immobilization technique are warranted.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF FINBACK BALAENOPTERA PHYSALUS VOCALIZATIONS IN THE ST. LAWRENCE ESTUARY

ABSTRACT

Sounds produced by Finback Whales Balaenoptera physalus were recorded from a stationary hydrophone in the St. Lawrence Estuary from June to September. The vocalizations consisted of frequencies below 120 Hz; impulsive sounds had frequencies up to 1 kHz. Over 80% of the sounds were downsweeping calls. Frequency variations in the downsweeps were correlated with social context. Constant calls, upsweeps, wavers and a frequency and amplitude modulated call were rare and may be context specific. Vocalization rates varied with the number of animals present and context, but could not be used as a census technique. Comparisons are made with the data from other investigators in both the Northwest Atlantic and the Northeast Pacific. Frequency and time characteristics for Finback downsweeps are summarized and discussed as components important for species recognition.     

河北省乡镇卫生院招聘执业医师项目调查与分析

目的 了解河北省乡镇卫生院招聘执业医师项目的实施现状及问题,探索农村卫生机构吸引、稳定人才的长效机制。方法 对河北省张家口等市开展的乡镇卫生院招聘执业医师项目进行调研,主要通过调阅文件资料、个人深入访谈等方式收集资料。结果 受聘执业医师的各项政策基本得到了落实,受聘执业医师在卫生院发挥了重要作用,各方对执业医师评价较高。结论 为改善项目效果,应加大项目的督导力度、为受聘执业医师制定系统的培训计划并逐步提高待遇等。     

Hypoglycemia Requiring Ambulance Services in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes is Associated with Increased Long-Term Mortality

ObjectiveTo report population burden of hypoglycemia requiring ambulance services and long term outcomes thereafter, among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsWe retrieved all ambulance calls made by T2D for hypoglycemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2009.ResultsSeven hundred eighteen calls were made by 503 T2D (age 69 ± 12 years, 51% male), of which 328 (65%) were on insulin (INS), 54 (11%) on insulin + noninsulin agents (NIAI), 95 (19%) on sulphonylurea alone or in combination with other noninsulin agents (SFU), 21 (4%) on nonsulphonylurea noninsulin agents (NSFU), and 5 (1%) on no therapy (excluded from further analysis). NSFU had lower repeated calls (INS 25%, NIAI 26%, SFU 12%, NSFU 5%; P = .02), emergency room transportation (ERT) (INS 62%, NIAI 67%, SFU 68%, NSFU 38%; P = .06), and hospitalizations (INS 31%, NIAI 46%, SFU 38%, NSFU 19%; P = .02) compared to other groups. In multivariable mortality model, increased age (P<.001) was associated with an increased risk of death, whereas hypoglycemia predisposing comorbidities (chronic liver disease, end stage renal disease, adrenal insufficiency) (P = .06) were associated with a borderline increased risk, but no association was found with treatment group, repeated calls, ERT, hospitalization and baseline diabetic end organ complications.ConclusionTo our knowledge, we report the first estimate of hypoglycemia requiring ambulance services among T2D, in contemporary clinical practice. NSFU cohort was associated with lower repeated calls, ERT, and hospitalizations compared to other therapeutic programs. Predictors of mortality post-hypoglycemia were age and hypoglycemia predisposing comorbidities. (Endocr Pract. 2013;19:29-35)     

Population-Based Study of Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Requiring Emergency Medical Services

ObjectiveTo report the population burden of hypo glycemia necessitating emergency medical services (EMS) and the long-term outcomes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) receiving different insulin treatments.MethodsWe retrieved all EMS calls because of hypoglycemia in patients with T1DM in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2009, and reviewed the related medical records.ResultsDuring the 7-year study period, 531 EMS calls were made involving 208 patients with T1DM (112 men, 96 women; mean age 47 ± 13 years). Of the 208 patients, 137 (66%) were receiving multiple daily insulin (MDI) injections, 50 (24%) were receiving continuous sub cutaneous insulin infusion, 15 (7%) were receiving simple insulin (SI), 4 (2%) were treated with metformin + MDI, and 2 (1%) were not receiving treatment for diabetes (after pancreas transplantation). The last 2 groups were excluded from further analysis because of small sample size. The remaining 3 treatment groups differed by age (P < .02), with the oldest patients receiving SI. Repeated calls, emergency department transportation (EDT), and hospitalization had a 33%, 49%, and 18% frequency, respectively, and did not differ among the treatment groups. In a multivariate model, mortality was significantly associated with treatment type (the SI group had a higher risk for mortality than did the MDI group [P = .03] after exclusion of 27 patients who changed treatment during follow-up), age (P < .0001), and EDT (P = .04).ConclusionThe population burden of EMS-requiring hypoglycemia in patients with T1DM is high. Medical resource utilization was similar among the 3 treatment groups. Mortality was higher in the SI group (limited by small sample size) and among patients requiring EDT and increased with advancing age. Further research could be directed toward understanding the effect of expert evaluation of high-risk patients on long-term outcomes. (EndocrPract. 2012;18:834-841)     

Control pattern of vocal center for vocalization in ruddy bunting (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Emberiza rutila</Emphasis>)

High vocal center (HVC) can produce single sound with one or two syllables by the single-type vocal control pattern in songbirds ruddy bunting (Emberiza rutila). It obviously shows left-side dominance in controlling double syllables, principal frequency (PF) and increasing sound intensity of the evoked calls. Meanwhile, the complex-type control pattern can produce complex calls with multisyllable, and also shows significant left-side dominance in controlling the number of syllables, tone changing and sound intensity. These indicate that left-side HVC controls higher frequency and complicated sentence structure. The basic vocal center, dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular complex (DM), controls the monosyllable sound in songbirds, and shows left-side dominance in controlling both the number of syllable and sound intensity. These results not only provide some direct evidence for left-side dominance in high vocal center, but also indicate that there is some internal connection between the high and basic vocal centers in songbirds.     

急诊昏迷患者的迅速分诊与急救方法探讨

目的:探讨急诊昏迷患者的迅速分诊与急救方法。方法:参照5级急诊预检分诊系统和急诊危重病降阶梯治疗方法,对我院2012年1月至2014年12月120例急诊治疗昏迷患者进行规范化分诊、急救护理,回顾性分析其诊疗效果。结果:120例昏迷患者有90例(75.00%)治愈出院,17例(14.17%)因病情平稳转至相关科室进行治疗,13例(10.83%)病死,急诊治疗总有效率和病死率分别为89.17%和10.83%。结论:分诊和急救处置的规范化对患者治愈和预后有重要影响。