急性ST 段抬高心肌梗死患者多支病变血运重建治疗策略的临床研究

目的:分析急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(acute ST segmentelevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)伴多支血管病变行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗的策略,制定患者血运重建时机及最佳方案。方法:收集2008.10-2012.10期间急性ST段抬高心肌梗死伴多支血管病变行急诊PCI治疗患者资料,其中仅行罪犯血管PCI治疗组162例,多支血管PCI治疗组50例、阶段PCI治疗组112例,分析比较各组间短期(3个月)死亡率和1年、2年、3年死亡率及主要心血管事件(major cardiovascularevents,MACE)发生率。结果:①多支血管PCI组较罪犯血管PCI组有更高的短期死亡率(4.0%vs 2.5%,P0.05),但其降低MACE发生率(12.0%vs 15.4%,P0.05);②阶段PCI组较罪犯血管PCI组有更低的死亡率(短期和1年、2年、3年死亡率均P0.05)及MACE发生率(11.6%vs 15.4%,P0.05);③多支血管PCI组较阶段PCI组有更高的短期死亡率(4.0%vsl.8%,P0.05),长期随访无明显不同(6.0%vs 5.4%,P0.05);MACE的发生率无明显差异(12.0%vs 11.6%,P0.05)。结论:当血流动力学稳定时,合并多支血管病变的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死仅对罪犯血管行PCI,随后行阶段PCI处理非梗死病变血管,这一策略能显著改善患者的临床预后。     

初发急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者预后的影响因素分析

目的:研究初发急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者预后的影响因素。方法:选取我院2010年收治的发病24小时内初发急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)258例,收集患者病史、化验检查、心脏彩超、冠状动脉造影结果等住院资料,并随访主要心血管事件,通过相关分析求出对预后有统计学意义的因素,再分别通过Logistic回归及Cox回归分析急性心肌梗死患者近期及远期预后的影响因素。结果:AMI患者住院死亡率6.2%(16/258例),影响住院死亡率因素为PCI治疗(r=-0.253,P=0.000,OR=0.318,95%CI:0.101-0.997)、血糖(Glu)(r=0.24,P=0.01,OR=1.136,95%CI:1.020-1.265)两个因素;平均随访7.6±3.8月,总终点事件10.3%(25/242例),心源性死亡患者6例(2.5%);经Cox回归分析与远期死亡相关的因素是高敏C反应蛋白(Hs CRP)(r=0.182,P=0.008,OR=1.223,95%CI:1.065-1.403)。结论:急性心肌梗死预后受多种因素影响,影响住院死亡率的因素为PCI治疗及血糖,影响远期死亡的因素是Hs CRP。     

血浆磷脂酶A2与糖尿病合并心肌梗死患者预后的临床研究

目的:研究血浆磷脂酶A2(plasma phospholipase A2,PLA2)与糖尿病合并心肌梗死(myocardial infarction,MI)患者预后关系。方法:前瞻性研究分析2009年6月至2012年9月期间入住我院心内科或内分泌科158例半年内有MI病史的患者根据有无2型糖尿病分为糖尿病合并MI患者组(80例)与单纯MI患者组(对照组,78例)。两组患者均在6个月内因急性MI在我院行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)并置入药物涂层支架。观察两组患者PLA2的水平,分析其与患者心功能的变化及预后的相关性。两组患者行2年随访,随访结束后通过K-M模型观察组间心血管不良事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)的发生率,将单因素分析有意义的变量包括,PLA2、高血压、低密度脂蛋白、吸烟、性别、年龄、超敏C反应蛋白、肾小球滤过率、白细胞计数等纳入Cox比例风险回归模型对预后进行多因素分析。结果:糖尿病合并MI组患者PLA2的水平显著高于单纯心肌梗死组(11.67±4.26μg/L vs.5.36±1.1μg/L,P0.001)。这些患者外周血中CD14+单核细胞亦显著高于单纯心肌梗死组(53.36%±17.41%vs.35.23%±11.57%,P0.001)。糖尿病合并MI组患者血浆磷脂酶A2的水平与患者心功能呈负相关(r=-0.25,P=0.02),而单纯MI患者组未显示统计学意义(r=-0.20,P=0.07)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示糖尿病合并MI患者主要心血管不良事件的发生率明显高于单纯心肌梗死组(P=0.046)。通过COX模型分析影响生存因素发现血浆磷脂酶A2(HR:4.29,95%CI:2.305-7.975,P0.001)仍与这些患者心血管不良事件发生显著相关。结论:血浆磷脂酶A2反应糖尿病合并MI患者体内的炎症剧烈程度,高水平的血浆高磷脂酶A2与糖尿病合并MI患者的预后密切相关。     

PCI术前与术后主动脉内球囊反搏治疗急性心肌梗死合并心功能不全患者的疗效比较

目的:比较急性心肌梗死合并心功能不全患者冠状动脉介入(PCI)术前及术后植入主动脉内球囊反搏术(IABP)的效果及其安全性.方法:选择50例2010年1月至2011年6月在南京市第一医院CCU病房应用IABP治疗的急性心肌梗死患者,分为两组,A组为术前组,B组为术后组,各25例,观察并比较两组的即刻病情改善率、住院期间并发症及术后30天心功能、主要心血管事件(MACE)发生率.结果:A组IABP即刻病情改善显著高于B组(36％ vs.12％,P＜0.05).两组住院期间并发症的发生率均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).术后30天,A组LVEF显著低于B组(40.2± 7.7％vs.35.6±5.0％,P＜0.05).MACE事件,A组非致死性心肌梗死、再次PCI/CABG术及死亡发生率低于B组,其中A组死亡率显著低于B组,差异有统计学意义(58％vs.32％,P＜0.05).结论:PCI术前植入IABP对于急性心肌梗死合并心功能不全患者的疗效优于PCI术后植入,且不提高并发症的发生率.     

老年急性心肌梗死并心源性休克冠状动脉介入治疗的临床效果分析

目的:对比分析介入治疗和保守治疗对急性心梗合并心源性休克的老年患者的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析急性心肌梗死并心源性休克患者,共入选230例,按照医生评估进行分组治疗,分为介入治疗组和非介入治疗组,介入组患者120例,接受冠脉介入治疗;非介入组患者110例,接受非介入治疗。对比分析危险因素以及治疗效果。结果:介入组中心肌梗死病史及心衰病史患者明显高于非介入组(24.2%vs 20%P<0.05;25%vs 17.3%,P<0.05),经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与非介入治疗相比能显著降低急性心梗合并心源性休克的老年患者住院病死率(40.8%vs 71.8%,P<0.05),非介入治疗组心律失常发生率高于介入治疗组(26.7%vs 21.8%,P<0.05),同时非介入治疗组肺部感染及肾衰的发病率较高(11.8%vs 5.8%P<0.05;8.2%vs 2.0%,P<0.05)。结论:针对急性心梗合并心源性休克的老年患者制定治疗方案时,虽然介入治疗存在更多的并发症,但是可以显著改善患者预后。     

药物洗脱支架治疗急性心肌梗死患者临床随访观察

目的:探讨药物洗脱支架在急性心肌梗死(AMI)入住我院CCU后行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性和有效性.方法:选择2007年1月至2007年12月因急性心肌梗死入住我院CCU的220例急性心肌梗死患者,其中于发病12小时内行急诊手术治疗的患者200例,急诊手术仅处理梗死相关血管的靶病变,均植入药物洗脱支架,评价手术成功率、并发症、随访期间心脏不良事件发生率、再狭窄率等.结果:200例患者急诊手术治疗均获得成功,植入支架数量为1.41±0.711枚,未发生与介入治疗有关的严重并发症,住院期间发生心源性死亡2例,非心源性死亡1例,无院内支架内血栓形成、再次心梗,临床随防7.3±1.9(5-15)个月,136例患者复查了冠状动脉造影,造影随访率72.3%,随访终点内死亡5例(死亡率2.66%),含心源性死亡3例,非心源性死亡2例,其中再发心肌梗死1例,6例患者进行了再次靶血管血运重建(3.19%).结论:药物洗脱支架在急性心肌梗死患者行急诊PCI治疗中安全可行,且院内、术后7个月随访观察显示疗效显著,并明显降低靶血管再狭窄率.     

不同性别急性心梗患者的临床特征及院内治疗预后分析

目的:观察首次确诊为急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的临床特征并分析不同性别人群的在入院治疗及院内短期预后的差异。方法:回顾性分析2010年2月至2012年4月在沈阳军区总医院心内科初次确诊为AMI的患者271例,并按性别分为两组,其中男性组180例,女性组91例,统计其临床特征、入院后的药物和手术治疗情况,以及院内并发症及预后情况,分析总结两组患者各自的特点和差异。结果:女性患者的年龄要大于男性患者(63±14vs71±11,P0.001),且同时更易患有高血压等心血管疾病合并症(73.3%vs 58.2%,P0.05)。女性患者的发病至入院治疗时间长于男性(P0.001),且入院后行PCI治疗的比例要明显低于男性患者(67%vs 79.4%,P0.05)。初步分析结果表明,女性患者的院内死亡率高于男性(11%vs 3.3%,OR:3.11,95%CI:1.53-7.15),但排除不均衡因素的影响后,男女患者的院内死亡率无明显差异(OR:2.11,95%CI:0.68-5.12)。结论:两性AMI患者的临床特征、入院后治疗及院内短期预后均存在一定差异。根据女性患者的临床特征和院内治疗及预后的现状,应进一步加强对女性高危人群的冠心病诊治知识普及和教育,且对入院后的女性患者应采取更为积极的药物和介入手术治疗手段,以改善预后。     

血尿酸水平对ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后长期预后的影响

目的:探讨血尿酸(SUA)水平对行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者长期预后的影响。方法:连续纳入2012年1月至2012年12月在我院诊断为STEMI并成功行急诊PCI的患者275例,按照入院时SUA水平三分位法将患者分成A组91例(低尿酸)、B组90例(中尿酸)、C组94例(高尿酸)。收集所有患者临床基线资料,包括吸烟史、既往病史、血液学指标及冠脉造影结果等,观察三组患者急诊PCI术后住院期间及术后6年随访期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的发生情况,logistic回归分析SUA水平对患者近期及长期预后的危险因素。结果:C组男性和心律失常病史比例明显高于A、B组(P0.05)。同时,三组患者AIP、Scr、BUN、SUA、APTT组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。C组患者三支血管病变比例明显高于A、B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。三组患者住院期间心力衰竭、支架内血栓形成、总MACE比例组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。三组患者术后6年心力衰竭、心绞痛、支架内再狭窄/闭塞和总MACE比例组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归显示年龄、吸烟史、TC、SUA、血栓抽吸术、IABP应用是住院期间MACE发生的危险因素(P0.05),AIP、SUA、APTT、IABP应用是PCI术后6年随访期间MACE发生的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:成功行急诊PCI的STEMI患者,SUA水平是其近期及长期预后的独立危险因素,SUA水平升高者长期MACE发生率增加。     

急性下壁心肌梗死急诊PCI术中应用临时起搏器与阿托品的对比研究

目的：探讨临时起搏器与阿托品在急性下壁心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中应用的疗效。方法：入选2012 年2 月至2013 年8 月我院收治的发病12 小时内,诊断为急性下壁心肌梗死并接受急诊PCI治疗的患者92 例,依据治疗方法的不同 将病例分为临时起搏组和阿托品组,并对病例进行为期一年的追踪随访,收集患者平均住院天数、平均住院费用、再灌注心律失 常、心肌梗死后心绞痛、心肌梗死后心衰发生率资料。结果：临时起搏组的平均住院天数、平均住院费用、心肌梗死后心绞痛、心肌 梗死后心衰发生率均显著低于阿托品治疗组（P 均<0.05）,阿托品治疗组的再灌注心律失常发生率则明显低于临时起搏组（P<0. 05）。结论：急性下壁心肌梗死急诊PCI中应用临时起搏器,具有治疗成本低,降低心血管事件发生率的优点,而阿托品治疗在改 善再灌注心律失常的疗效上则显著优于临时起搏治疗。     

经血栓抽吸导管应用替罗非班及硝普钠对急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI治疗效果的影响

目的:探讨经血栓抽吸导管应用替罗非班及硝普钠对急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗效果的影响。方法:选取2013年5月～2018年5月期间我院收治的急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者80例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=40,血栓抽吸术后行PCI治疗)和研究组(n=40,血栓抽吸术后,经导管注入替罗非班及硝普钠后再行PCI治疗),比较两组患者心电图ST段回落变化、心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)血流分级情况、心功能指标及不良心血管事件发生率。结果:研究组完全回落发生率高于对照组(P0.05);两组部分回落、无回落发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组PCI术后TIMI血流分级为3级的例数少于研究组(P0.05)。两组患者术后7 d左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05);左室射血分数(LVEF)升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。术后6个月内研究组不良心血管事件总发生率为7.50%(3/40),低于对照组的25.00%(10/40)(P0.05)。结论:急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经血栓抽吸导管应用替罗非班及硝普钠后行PCI,可提高心功能、心肌灌注状态及心电图ST段完全回落率,并减少不良心血管事件的发生率。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

Vascular volumes and hematology in male and female runners and cyclists

To examine the hypothesis that foot-strike hemolysis alters vascular volumes and selected hematological properties is trained athletes, we have measured total blood volume (TBV), red cell volume (RCV) and plasma volume (PV) in cyclists (n = 21) and runners (n = 17) and compared them to those of untrained controls (n = 20). TBV (ml x kg(-1)) was calculated as the sum of RCV (ml x kg(-1)) and PV (ml x kg(-1)) obtained using 51Cr and 125I-labelled albumin, respectively. Hematological assessment was carried out using a Coulter counter. Peak aerobic power (VO2peak) was measured during progressive exercise to fatigue using both cycle and treadmill ergometry. RCV was 15% higher (P < 0.05) in male cyclists [35.4 (1.0), mean (SE); n = 12] and runners [35.3 (0.98); n = 9] compared to the controls [30.7 (0.92); n = 12]. Similar differences existed between the female cyclists [28.2 (2.1); n = 9] and runners [28.4 (1.0); n = 8] compared to the untrained controls [24.9 (1.4); n = 8]. For the male athletes, PV was between 19% (cyclists) and 28% (runners) higher (P < 0.05) in the trained athletes compared to the untrained controls. The differences in PV between the female groups were not significant. Although the males had a higher (P < 0.05) TBV, RCV and PV than the females, no differences between cyclists and runners were found for either gender. Mean cell volume was not different between the athletic groups. VO2peak (ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was higher (P < 0.05) in both male [68.4 (1.5)] and female [54.8 (2.1)] runners when compared to the untrained males [47.1 (1.0)] and females [40.5 (2.1)]. Although differences existed between the genders in VO2peak for both cyclists and runners, no differences were found between the athletic groups within a gender. Since the vascular volumes were not different between cyclists and runners for either the males or females, foot-strike hemolysis would not appear to have an effect on that parameter. The significant correlations (P < 0.05) found between VO2peak and RCV (r = 0.64 and 0.64) and TBV (r = 0.82 and 0.63) for the males and females, respectively, suggests a role for the vascular system in realizing a high aerobic power.     

Microbial and bioconversion production of D-xylitol and its detection and application

D-Xylitol is found in low content as a natural constituent of many fruits and vegetables. It is a five-carbon sugar polyol and has been used as a food additive and sweetening agent to replace sucrose, especially for non-insulin dependent diabetics. It has multiple beneficial health effects, such as the prevention of dental caries, and acute otitis media. In industry, it has been produced by chemical reduction of D-xylose mainly from photosynthetic biomass hydrolysates. As an alternative method of chemical reduction, biosynthesis of D-xylitol has been focused on the metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida strains. In order to detect D-xylitol in the production processes, several detection methods have been established, such as gas chromatography (GC)-based methods, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based methods, LC-MS methods, and capillary electrophoresis methods (CE). The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are compared in this review.