人工海水胁迫下小麦芽期和苗期的耐盐性鉴定方法

本文采用不同浓度人工海水分别在小麦芽期和苗期进行胁迫处理,筛选不同时期、不同耐盐指标的适合处理浓度,并利用模糊数学隶属函数法计算各指标的隶属值,通过比较芽期、苗期各指标隶属值总平均值的大小来确定小麦品种耐盐性的强弱。建立了65%人工海水相对发芽率与40%人工海水相对芽长两指标相结合的小麦芽期耐盐性鉴定方法;以及在40%人工海水处理下综合株高增长量、根长增长量、地上部干重与地下部干重4个指标相对值的小麦苗期耐盐性鉴定方法。运用这两个鉴定方法可以有效地区分16个小麦品种在人工海水胁迫下的耐盐性差异。     

水稻全生育期耐盐性鉴定评价方法研究北大核心CSCD

土壤盐渍化是危害水稻生产的重要非生物胁迫因素,而遗传改良是提高水稻耐盐性的有效途径之一。全生育期耐盐性是对水稻各生育时期耐盐性的综合反映。科学、准确、高效的水稻全生育期耐盐性鉴定评价方法是水稻耐盐遗传改良必要条件,也是正确判别水稻种质耐盐真实性的关键所在。本研究挑选19份不同耐盐性水稻种质作为研究材料,在正常环境和0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、0.6%、0.7%盐处理浓度下,调查11个农艺性状并计算其耐盐系数,运用品种间四分位差法分析,明确水稻全生育期耐盐性鉴定最适浓度。品种间四分位差最大的盐浓度被认为是盐处理最佳浓度;综合多种多元统计分析方法,包括主成分分析、隶属函数分析、回归分析、聚类分析,对水稻全生育期耐盐性鉴定合理评价方法进行探索。结果表明,0.3%盐胁迫浓度下多数性状耐盐系数品种间四分位差最大,0.3%盐胁迫浓度是水稻全生育期耐盐性鉴定最适浓度。主成分分析结果表明,11个农艺性状的耐盐系数可简化为3个主成分。利用主成分贡献率和隶属函数分析,可进一步将3个主成分值简化为水稻耐盐性综合评价指标D值。D值能够简便、准确的评价水稻种质的耐盐性。本研究还利用逐步回归分析,建立D值与11个农艺性状耐盐系数最优线性回归方程:D=-0.365+0.647PL+0.152GP+0.274TW。从该方程可知穗长、穗粒数和总干物重耐盐系数是影响D值的关键指标。利用回归分析建立的模型,可准确完成对D值预测。本研究利用聚类分析,将19份水稻种质耐盐性划分为5个等级,对应于水稻5个耐盐等级划分,即极强、强、中、弱、极弱,可作为其他水稻种质耐盐性评价重要参考。     

水稻全生育期耐盐性鉴定评价方法研究

土壤盐渍化是危害水稻生产的重要非生物胁迫因素,而遗传改良是提高水稻耐盐性的有效途径之一。全生育期耐盐性是对水稻各生育时期耐盐性的综合反映。科学、准确、高效的水稻全生育期耐盐性鉴定评价方法是水稻耐盐遗传改良必要条件,也是正确判别水稻种质耐盐真实性的关键所在。本研究挑选19份不同耐盐性水稻种质作为研究材料,在正常环境和0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、0.6%、0.7%盐处理浓度下,调查11个农艺性状并计算其耐盐系数,运用品种间四分位差法分析,明确水稻全生育期耐盐性鉴定最适浓度。品种间四分位差最大的盐浓度被认为是盐处理最佳浓度;综合多种多元统计分析方法,包括主成分分析、隶属函数分析、回归分析、聚类分析,对水稻全生育期耐盐性鉴定合理评价方法进行探索。结果表明,0.3%盐胁迫浓度下多数性状耐盐系数品种间四分位差最大,0.3%盐胁迫浓度是水稻全生育期耐盐性鉴定最适浓度。主成分分析结果表明,11个农艺性状的耐盐系数可简化为3个主成分。利用主成分贡献率和隶属函数分析,可进一步将3个主成分值简化为水稻耐盐性综合评价指标D值。D值能够简便、准确的评价水稻种质的耐盐性。本研究还利用逐步回归分析,建立D值与11个农艺性状耐盐系数最优线性回归方程:D=-0.365+0.647PL+0.152GP+0.274TW。从该方程可知穗长、穗粒数和总干物重耐盐系数是影响D值的关键指标。利用回归分析建立的模型,可准确完成对D值预测。本研究利用聚类分析,将19份水稻种质耐盐性划分为5个等级,对应于水稻5个耐盐等级划分,即极强、强、中、弱、极弱,可作为其他水稻种质耐盐性评价重要参考。     

番茄品种资源芽苗期和幼苗期的耐盐性及耐盐指标评价

对芽苗期和幼苗期番茄耐盐鉴定指标进行检验,明确番茄芽苗期和幼苗期耐盐性的相关性,筛选耐盐的番茄品种资源,以便为耐盐育种和栽培提供材料和方法.试验采用不同浓度的NaCl水溶液人工模拟盐胁迫,以多项指标盐害系数隶属函数值和总隶属函数值为依据,比较了20个番茄品种资源芽苗期和幼苗期的耐盐性及两个时期耐盐性的相关性,并利用单一指标盐害系数隶属函数值和总隶属函数值进行了聚类分类.结果表明:芽苗期和幼苗期番茄耐盐性有所不同,耐盐和中等耐盐材料相同率为53.85%.进行番茄耐盐性筛选时可以把发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、萌发活力指数、下胚轴长、地上鲜重作为芽苗期耐盐鉴定指标,把地上部鲜重、根鲜重、地上部干重、根干重、壮苗指数、根/冠比作为幼苗期耐盐鉴定指标.     

花生品种耐盐性指标筛选与综合评价

采用盆栽试验,设置不同盐胁迫浓度,通过萌发至幼苗期的出苗速度、植株形态和生物量等指标对200个花生品种(系)进行耐盐性评价.结果表明: 随盐胁迫浓度的增加,花生出苗时间延长,对植株形态建成抑制加重,物质积累减少.鉴定花生品种耐盐性强弱的适宜盐胁迫浓度为0.30%~0.45%.采用隶属函数值法将10个指标归结为平均隶属函数值,根据不同胁迫浓度下各指标与平均隶属函数值之间的相关性大小,植株鲜质量、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、地下部干质量、株高和主茎高均较大,可作为首选指标,植株干质量、地上部干质量、主根长和出苗速率均较小,可作为辅助指标综合判断品种的耐盐能力.200个品种(系)在不同盐胁迫浓度下均可分成高度耐盐型、耐盐型、盐敏感型和高度盐敏感型4组.随盐胁迫强度加大,耐盐品种数量下降,而盐敏感品种数量上升.部分品种在低、中、高盐胁迫强度下表现出统一性(均耐盐或均敏感);部分品种存在差异性,即低胁迫强度下表现耐盐性而在高胁迫强度下表现盐敏感性.     

不同品种燕麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的耐盐性

利用NaCl和Na2SO4复盐溶液胁迫处理36个燕麦品种,采用培养皿纸上发芽法,进行种子萌发和幼苗的耐盐能力鉴定,通过分析盐胁迫对不同燕麦种子萌发及幼苗的影响,为燕麦品种耐盐性筛选、盐碱地燕麦栽培和耐盐育种提供理论参考.结果表明:盐分抑制种子的萌发和幼苗生长,低盐浓度(0.4%)适宜各类燕麦生长,对较耐盐的品种有促进萌发、生长的作用,盐浓度1.2%是鉴定燕麦耐盐性的适宜盐浓度;36个品种耐盐性差异较大,可划分为耐盐型、中度耐盐型、不耐盐型3类;燕麦不同品种及不同类型种子萌发的盐浓度范围达极显著差异,各耐盐指标对于燕麦耐盐性的体现存在一定的差异,发芽率、发芽指数、简易活力指数和单株干质量是主要的耐盐指标.     

小麦种质芽期和苗期的耐盐性鉴定评价

【目的】研究不同来源小麦种质资源的耐盐性差异,筛选耐盐性较好的品种（系）,探索不同生育期小麦耐盐性鉴定的适合盐浓度,为小麦耐盐鉴定及耐盐小麦品种选育提供参考。【方法】对来源不同的293份小麦种质,在1.5%NaCl盐溶液下进行盐胁迫处理,调查各种质的芽期相对盐害指数;选择芽期相对耐盐指数小于40%的24份小麦资源,在苗期进行不同盐浓度胁迫鉴定,测量不同处理的根长及苗高相对生长率。【结果】筛选出16份芽期相对盐害指数小于20%的高耐盐种质和42份芽期相对盐害指数20-40%耐盐的小麦种质;苗期鉴定表明1.0% NaCl盐浓度为合适的筛选浓度、根长相对生长率为适合的苗期耐盐性鉴定指标,以此为鉴定技术筛选出了Marmin-Minhardi譎44-Minturki和花树蒲两份芽期及苗期均表现耐盐的优异小麦种质;【结论】来源不同的小麦资源中芽期综合耐盐性大小依次为地方品种>国外引进品种>中间试验品系;Marmin-Minhardi譎44-Minturki和花树蒲两份耐盐小麦种质可作为小麦耐盐育种新种质。     

人工海水胁迫下小麦种质资源的耐盐性筛选与鉴定

利用人工配制的海水筛选耐盐性较好的小麦品种,为沿海滩涂地区的小麦耐盐育种提供重要信息。本研究利用人工海水处理的方法,对363份小麦种质资源进行了芽期耐盐性初步鉴定,筛选出芽期耐盐性为1级的小麦种质28份。进一步对芽期耐盐性较好的48份小麦种质进行了苗期耐盐性鉴定,并对其耐盐指标进行隶属值模糊评价分析,从中鉴定出了2个苗期耐盐性较强的小麦种质,分别为淮麦31和红壳洋麦。依据来源的不同,发现小麦种质资源的芽期耐盐性大小依次为地方品种>育成品种>国外引进品种。小麦芽期与苗期的耐盐性相关分析表明,二者相关性极低(r=-0.0051)。     

水稻分蘖期耐盐性鉴定评价方法确立及种质筛选

分蘖期是水稻由秧田生长向本田生长过渡的营养生长关键时期。在盐渍化土壤上种植水稻,分蘖期耐盐性对水稻能否正常生长至关重要。合适的耐盐性鉴定方法是水稻耐盐种质筛选的前提。本研究目的在于通过水稻分蘖期盐浓度梯度筛选试验,明确水稻分蘖期耐盐性鉴定最适盐胁迫浓度和调查时间;利用确立的鉴定方法,筛选出水稻分蘖期耐盐种质。本研究选取具有不同程度耐盐性的26份水稻品种,于2015年和2016年分别在10个和7个盐浓度梯度下,以盐害等级为分蘖期耐盐评价指标,开展水稻分蘖期耐盐性鉴定评价试验。结果表明,在0.5%盐浓度下,处理4～6周后供试种质的盐害等级差异表现为最大,因此认为0.5%盐浓度是水稻分蘖期耐盐性鉴定的最适盐胁迫浓度,盐处理后4～6周是水稻分蘖期盐害等级调查的最佳调查时间。参照国际水稻所提出的水稻分蘖期耐盐性评价标准,本研究对其进行了改进,提出以单株为单位进行水稻分蘖期耐盐性评价方法,利用平均盐害等级评估分蘖期耐盐性。该方法能够方便、准确地评价水稻耐盐性强弱。依据上述确立的水稻分蘖期耐盐性鉴定评价方法,本研究于2017-2019年期间对2886份来自不同生态区域的水稻种质进行分蘖期耐盐性鉴定评价,鉴定筛选出137份耐盐种质,为水稻耐盐遗传机制和育种研究提供资源支撑。     

粳稻种质资源苗期耐盐性综合评价与筛选

为鉴定和评价粳稻种质资源苗期耐盐性,利用125 mmol/L NaCl盐胁迫对165份粳稻种质资源进行处理,测定耐盐级别、叶片伤害百分率、苗高、根长、SPAD、地上部鲜重、根鲜重、地上部干重和根干重,计算地上部含水量和除耐盐级别、叶片伤害百分率之外各性状的相对指标。结果表明:耐盐级别与相对苗高、相对SPAD、相对地上部鲜重、相对根鲜重、相对地上部干重、相对根干重、相对植株干重和地上部含水量均呈极显著正相关,与叶片伤害百分率和相对根冠比呈极显著负相关。通过主成分分析将12个评价指标转换为5个主成分,累计贡献率为86.473%,应用隶属函数和权重,获得了客观评价粳稻种质资源苗期耐盐性的综合评价值D。筛选到Bertone、长白26、伊粳12号、宁资629和小琥板稻5个苗期综合耐盐性强的种质。通过聚类分析将165份粳稻种质资源划分为4类,第Ⅰ类群主要由盐敏感种质构成,第Ⅱ类群主要由弱耐盐种质构成,第Ⅲ类群仅包含1份盐敏感种质,为苏选2,第Ⅳ类群是以弱耐盐和耐盐种质为主的混合类群。结合主成分和逐步回归分析,确定耐盐级别、相对根长、相对地上部干重、相对根干重和地上部含水量5个指标可作为粳稻种质资源苗期耐盐性鉴定的重要指标,本研究结果可为耐盐水稻资源筛选及鉴定提供理论依据。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.