左卡尼汀治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效及其对心功能与血管活性分子的影响

目的:探讨左卡尼汀治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效及对血管活性分子与心功能的影响。方法:选取2017年6月至2018年6月我院收治的120例老年慢性心力衰竭患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组及对照组,对照组患者接受常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上给予左卡尼汀,比较两组患者的临床疗效、血管紧张素II(Ang II)、醛固酮(ALD)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)及左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)水平。结果:治疗前,两组患者的SV、CO、CI、VE、VA、VE/VA水平相当,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组的总有效率为91.67%,显著高于对照组65.00%的总有效率(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的LVEF、LVESD、LVEDD均无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者的LVEF均比治疗前升高,且观察组的LVEF较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者的LVESD、LVEDD均比治疗前降低,且观察组的LVESD、LVEDD较对照组更低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的Ang II、ALD、NO、ET-1水平均无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者的Ang II、ALD、ET-1均比治疗前降低,且观察组的Ang II、ALD、ET-1较对照组更低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者的NO均比治疗前升高,且观察组的NO较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗期间均未出现明显不良反应。结论:左卡尼汀治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效显著,能够有效改善血管活性分子水平及心功能,安全可靠。     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片对高原地区慢性心力衰竭患者神经内分泌激素和心功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片治疗高原地区慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者的疗效及对神经内分泌激素和心功能的影响。方法：选取2017年3月~2019年6月期间我院接收的CHF患者109例。根据随机数字表法将患者随机分为对照组（n=54）和研究组（n=55）,对照组患者予以缬沙坦治疗,研究组患者则予以沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片治疗,比较两组患者疗效、神经内分泌激素指标[去甲肾上腺素（NA）、醛固酮（ALD）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）]和心功能指标[超敏心肌肌钙蛋白T（hs-cTnT）、N-末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）、左房内径（LAD）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）以及左室射血分数（LVEF）]。记录两组患者心血管不良事件发生情况。结果：研究组患者治疗12周后总有效率为90.91%（50/55）,显著高于对照组患者的75.93%（41/54）（P<0.05）。两组治疗12周后ALD、NA、AngⅡ均下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗12周后hs-cTnT、NT-proBNP、LVEDD、LAD均下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）;LVEF升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组心血管不良事件发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片治疗高原地区CHF患者,疗效显著,可有效改善神经内分泌激素水平和心功能,且不增加心血管不良事件发生率,临床应用价值较高。     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦联合胺碘酮对老年HF伴PAF患者心功能、炎症因子及神经内分泌激素的影响

目的:探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦联合胺碘酮对老年心力衰竭(HF)伴阵发性房颤(PAF)患者心功能、神经内分泌激素以及炎症因子的影响。方法:选取2017年2月~2019年1月期间我院收治的80例老年HF伴PAF患者,根据随机数字表法分为研究组(n=40,沙库巴曲缬沙坦联合胺碘酮治疗)和对照组(n=40,胺碘酮治疗),比较两组患者疗效、心功能指标[左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)]、炎症因子[白介素-33(IL-33)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)]及神经内分泌激素(去甲肾上腺素、醛固酮和血管紧张素Ⅱ)水平及不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组治疗3个月后的临床总有效率90.00%(36/40)高于对照组67.50%(27/40)(P<0.05)。两组治疗3个月后LVEDD、ICAM-1、TNF-α、LVESD、IL-33均较治疗前降低,且研究组较对照组低(P<0.05);LVEF较治疗前提高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。两组治疗3个月后去甲肾上腺素、醛固酮、血管紧张素Ⅱ水平均较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:老年HF伴PAF患者在胺碘酮的基础上联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗,心功能指标改善显著,血清炎症因子及神经内分泌激素水平有所降低,且安全可靠,疗效显著。     

有氧康复运动对慢性心力衰竭患者心室重构及血管内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨有氧康复运动对慢性心力衰竭(chronic cardiac failure,CHF)患者心室重构及血管内皮功能的影响。方法:78例CHF患者随机分为运动组(n=39)、对照组(n=39)。对照组给予常规内科药物治疗、日常活动能力训练,运动组在此基础上根据美国心脏病学会(American Heart Association,AHA)的《三阶段康复运动方案》进行有氧康复运动,共持续12周。比较两组治疗前后心脏结构和功能、血管内皮功能及生活质量的改善情况。结果:干预后,两组左室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、明尼苏达心衰生活质量(Minnesota Living With Heart Failure,MLHF)评分、血清内皮素-1(Endothelin-1,ET-1)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensin Ⅱ,Ang Ⅱ)水平均明显减小,左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、6分钟步行试验(6 minute walking test,6MWT)、血清一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)水平均明显升高,且运动组LVESD、LVEDD、MLHF评分、血清ET-1、Ang Ⅱ水平明显低于对照组,LVEF、6MWT、血清NO、CGRP水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。运动组干预期间心衰再入院率显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:有氧运动康复训练有助于改善CHF患者的血管内皮功能,延缓或逆转心室重构,提高生活质量,改善预后。     

诺欣妥对难治性心力衰竭患者心室重构及预后的影响研究

目的:探讨诺欣妥对难治性心力衰竭患者心室重构及预后的影响。方法:选择2017年9月～2017年12月复旦大学附属闵行医院心内科收治入院的难治性心衰患者150例并将其随机分为两组,每组各75例。所有患者均给予指南导向药物治疗(GDMT),治疗组在此基础上给予诺欣妥,起始剂量50 mg/次,2次/d,每隔2-4周倍增一次,直至剂量达到维持剂量200 mg/次,2次/d。所有患者均连续治疗4周。比较两组患者治疗前后左心室结构及功能改变、血清神经内分泌激素及脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)水平的变化、治疗期间的不良反应及随访期间的预后转归。结果:治疗后,治疗组左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)均较治疗前显著降低,左室射血分数(LVEF)较治疗前显著升高,且均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清肾素(RA)、血管紧张素(AngⅡ)及NT-proBNP水平均较治疗前明显降低,且治疗组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组心衰再住院率、心源性死亡率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:诺欣妥用于治疗难治性心衰可有效改善患者心功能,逆转心脏重构,降低住院率及病死率,且不增加不良反应。     

缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪对高血压合并心力衰竭患者Ang Ⅱ、NT-ProBNP及CTGF的作用分析

目的:探讨缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪对高血压合并心力衰竭患者血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)、氨基末端脑钠尿肽前体(NT-ProBNP)及结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的作用。方法:选择2016年3月到2019年3月我院收治的高血压合并心力衰竭患者113例进行研究,以随机数表法分为观察组(n=57)和对照组(n=56)。对照组给予贝那普利治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上采用缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、Ang Ⅱ、NT-ProBNP及CTGF、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESd)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)水平变化情况及并发症发生情况。结果:治疗后,两组总有效率分别为92.98%、73.21%,差异显著;治疗前,两组Ang Ⅱ、NT-ProBNP及CTGF水平无显著差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组Ang Ⅱ、NT-ProBNP及CTGF水平均显著改善,且观察组均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前,两组心功能水平无显著差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组心功能水平均显著改善,且观察组LVEF高于对照组,LVESd、LVEDd低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前,两组血压水平无显著差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组血压水平均显著改善,且观察组SBP、DBP水平显著低于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05);两组并发症总发生率分别为7.02%、10.71%,差异无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:在高血压合并心力衰竭患者中应用缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪辅助治疗效果显著,可有效改善患者心功能、Ang Ⅱ、NT-ProBNP及CTGF水平。     

疏血通联合依那普利对老年慢性心力衰竭患者血清N末端钠尿肽前体水平、血液流变学与心功能的影响

目的:探讨疏血通联合依那普利老年慢性心力衰竭患者血清N末端钠尿肽前体水平、血液流变学与的影响。方法:选择2015年5月到2017年5月我院接诊的老年慢性心力衰竭患者84例作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为观察组(n=42)和对照组(n=42),对照组使用依那普利治疗,观察组采用疏血通联合依那普利治疗。比较两组治疗后的临床疗效及治疗前后血液流变学、血清N末端钠尿肽前体、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、收缩末期内径(LVESD)水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组临床疗效总有效率显著高于对照组(95.24%vs. 73.81%,P0.05),观察组全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度、血沉、红细胞压积及纤维蛋白原水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05),血清N末端钠尿肽前体水平、LVEDd、LVESD明显低于对照组低(P0.05),而LVEF显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率分别为4.76%(2/42)、16.67%(7/42),组间比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:疏血通联合依那普利治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的临床效果显著优于单用依那普利治疗,可能与其显著降低患者的血清N末端钠尿肽前体水平,改善患者的心功能和血液流变学的各项指标有关     

慢性心力衰竭合并肺部感染患者血清降钙素原、血管紧张素Ⅱ、人单核细胞趋化蛋白-1与心脏功能和预后不良的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨慢性心力衰竭（CHF）合并肺部感染患者血清降钙素原（PCT）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（Ang II）及人单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）与心脏功能和预后不良的关系。方法：选择2018年3月至2020年3月本院收治的CHF合并肺部感染患者94例作为合并感染组,同期收治的CHF未合并肺部感染患者54例作为对照组。采用化学发光免疫分析法检测血清PCT水平,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清Ang II、MCP-1水平,比较两组血清PCT、Ang II、MCP-1水平及心脏功能指标左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、心率（HR）,分析合并感染组血清PCT、Ang II、MCP-1水平与LVEF、LVESD、LVEDD、HR的相关性。合并感染组患者积极治疗后根据住院期间和随访6个月是否发生不良心脏事件分为预后良好组和预后不良组,采用单因素及多因素logistic回归模型分析CHF合并肺部感染患者预后的影响因素。结果：合并感染组血清PCT、Ang II、MCP-1水平及LVESD、LVEDD、HR高于对照组（P＜0.05）,LVEF低于对照组（P＜0.05）。血清PCT、Ang II、MCP-1水平与LVEF呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与LVESD、LVEDD、HR呈正相关（P＜0.05）。单因素分析结果显示,CHF合并肺部感染患者的预后与心力衰竭病程、美国纽约心脏病协会（NYHA）心功能分级、N末端B型利钠肽原（NT-proBNP）、PCT、Ang II、MCP-1水平有关（P＜0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,心力衰竭病程＞6年、NYHA心功能III级和IV级、NT-proBNP＞570 ng/L、PCT＞3.27 μg/L、Ang II＞68.47 ng/L及MCP-1＞267.65 ng/L是CHF合并肺部感染患者预后不良的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：CHF合并肺部感染患者血清PCT、Ang II、MCP-1水平异常升高,与患者心脏功能及预后不良有关,可作为患者心脏功能和预后评估的辅助指标。     

卡维地洛联合厄贝沙坦治疗慢性心功能不全的疗效及对IL-6的影响

目的:探讨卡维地洛联合厄贝沙坦治疗慢性心功能不全的疗效及对血浆IL-6的影响。方法:选择64例慢性心功能不全患者采用平行对照法随机分为治疗组和对照组各32例,对照组给予血管扩张剂、利尿剂和强心剂等基础用药进行常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用卡维地洛联合厄贝沙坦进行治疗,疗程均为4周,观察两组患者的临床疗效、心功能分级和血浆IL-6水平变化情况。结果:4周疗程后,观察组总有效率为84.38%显著高于对照组的59.38%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);心功能分级变化情况显示,治疗后两组患者心功能分级状况都有所变化,症状得到改善。与对照组相比观察组I级患者数量明显增加,III级数量减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者IL-6水平均下降,且左室射血分数(LVEF)值升高,与对照组相比观察组患者指标水平变化明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在常规用药基础上加用卡维地洛和厄贝沙坦,可改善慢性心功能不全症状,降低IL-6水平,临床疗效显著。     

左西孟旦和米力农治疗难治性心力衰竭的疗效比较及对血清NT-proBNP、ET-1水平的影响

目的:观察和比较左西孟旦(LEV)与米力农(MIL)治疗难治性心力衰竭(RHF)的临床效果及对患者血清N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)、内皮素(ET)-1水平的影响。方法:选取我院2015年1月~2017年4月收治的102例RHF患者,采取随机数字表法均分为两组。MIL组给予MIL治疗,LEV组予以LEV治疗。比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前后超声心动图指标[左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣舒张早期/舒张晚期峰值流速(E/A)、左室舒张末期内径(LVIDd)]、血清NT-proBNP、ET-1水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗7 d后,LEV组总有效率较MIL组明显升高(P0.05)。与治疗前对比,两组治疗7 d后LVEF、E/A值均显著上升(P0.01),LVIDd值均显著下降(P0.01),且LEV组LVEF、E/A值均显著高于MIL组,LVIDd值均显著低于MIL组(P0.01)。两组治疗7 d后血清NT-proBNP、ET-1水平较治疗前均显著降低(P0.01),且LEV组血清NT-proBNP、ET-1水平均明显低于MIL组(P0.01)。LEV组不良反应的发生率较MIL组明显降低(P0.05)。结论:与米力农相比,左西孟旦治疗难治性心力衰竭能更有效缓解或消除患者症状体征、抑制心室重构、改善心功能,且安全性更高,可能与其显著降低血清NT-proBNP、ET-1水平有关。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.