1-MCP对冷藏食荚豌豆衰老及品质的影响

研究了0.5、l和2μL/L的l-MCP处理对l℃贮藏食荚豌豆衰老及品质变化的影响.结果表明,采用l和2uL/L的1-MCP处理可有效抑制食荚豌豆呼吸、乙烯释放和超氧阴离子(O-2)生成,同时保持豆荚中较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(AsA-POD)活性和叶绿素、抗坏血酸(AsA)含量,减少豆荚中MDA、纤维素含量的积累和豆荚腐烂指数的增加,延缓了其衰老进程和品质的下降.0.5 uL/L浓度的1-MCP处理对食荚豌豆采后衰老及品质无明显影响.     

壳聚糖涂膜对菜用大豆荚采后衰老和品质的影响

以"南农二号"菜用大豆(Glycine max)荚为试材,研究不同浓度的壳聚糖涂膜对菜用大豆荚采后衰老、品质和腐烂的影响.结果表明,1.0%和1.5%壳聚糖处理可显著降低豆荚的呼吸强度、蒸腾失水、多酚氧化酶(PPO)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性,保持较低的膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和较高的叶绿素、Vc及还原糖含量,提高豆荚的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性和促进木质素合成,减少豆荚腐烂发生,从而延长贮藏期.     

壳聚糖涂膜对菜用大豆荚采后衰老和品质的影响

以“南农二号、菜用大豆（Glycine max）荚为试材,研究不同浓度的壳聚糖涂膜对菜用大豆荚采后衰老、品质和腐烂的影响。结果表明,1.0%和1.5%壳聚糖处理可显著降低豆荚的呼吸强度、蒸腾失水、多酚氧化酶（PPO）及过氧化物酶（POD）活性,保持较低的膜透性、丙二醛（MDA）含量和较高的叶绿素、Vc及还原糖含量,提高豆荚的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性和促进本质素合成,减少豆荚腐烂发生,从而处长贮藏期。     

Ca2+在茉莉酸甲酯诱导拟南芥气孔关闭中的信号转导作用

以拟南芥叶片下表皮为材料 ,分别用表皮生物分析法和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜成像技术 ,研究茉莉酸甲酯 (JA Me)促进气孔关闭过程中胞质Ca2 浓度的变化及其与气孔关闭的关系。结果表明 ,10 - 7到 10 - 3mol L的JA Me处理能促进拟南芥叶片的气孔关闭 ,其中 ,10 - 5mol L是最适浓度。用 10 - 5mol L的JA Me处理5min ,胞质Ca2 浓度从静息态的 10 5nmol L增加到 332 0nmol L ;质膜Ca2 通道阻断剂LaCl3和Ca2 螯合剂EGTA均能明显地降低JA Me对气孔关闭的促进作用。由此推测 ,胞质Ca2 可能是JA Me促进气孔关闭的重要信号转导因子     

外源茉莉酸甲酯诱导的棉花防御对棉蚜及斜纹夜蛾发育的影响

【目的】明确外源茉莉酸甲酯(Methyl jasmonate,Me JA)诱导的棉花防御对棉蚜Aphis gossypii及斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura发育的影响。【方法】采用4种浓度(0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 mmol·L~(-1))的Me JA处理4片真叶期的棉苗,在处理后的1、3、5、7、15 d测定棉叶中过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性及总酚含量;选择2种浓度(1.0 mmol·L~(-1)、2.0 mmol·L~(-1))的Me JA处理棉苗,在处理后的棉苗叶片上接入棉蚜或斜纹夜蛾幼虫,记录并统计棉蚜若蚜的发育历期及单雌产蚜量、斜纹夜蛾幼虫的发育历期及幼虫重量的变化。【结果】不同浓度的Me JA处理后,棉苗POD、PPO活性及总酚含量均显著提高。0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol·L~(-1) Me JA处理棉苗5 d后,棉苗POD活性达到最高水平,分别为对照的4.11倍、5.71倍、4.74倍。4种不同浓度Me JA处理棉苗15 d后,棉苗POD活性均显著高于对照(P0.05);4种不同浓度Me JA处理棉苗3 d后,棉苗PPO活性达到最高水平,分别为对照的1.7倍、2.1倍、2.16倍、2.71倍。2.0、4.0 mmol·L~(-1) Me JA处理棉苗15 d后,棉苗PPO活性均显著高于对照(P0.05);0.5、1.0 mmol·L~(-1) Me JA处理棉花15 d后,棉苗总酚含量达到最高水平,分别为对照的1.73倍、1.58倍。2.0、4.0 mmol·L~(-1) Me JA处理棉苗7 d后,棉苗总酚含量达到最高水平,分别为对照的1.6倍、1.7倍;1.0、2.0 mmol·L~(-1) Me JA处理棉苗后,棉蚜若蚜的发育历期均为对照的1.07倍;棉蚜单雌产蚜量比对照减少20%、39.4%。斜纹夜蛾幼虫的重量比对照减少12.7%、34.2%;幼虫的发育历期为对照的1.22倍、1.25倍。【结论】4种浓度的外源Me JA处理均可显著提高棉花主要防御酶的活性及总酚含量,外源Me JA诱导的棉花防御对棉蚜、斜纹夜蛾的发育具有显著的抑制作用。     

茉莉酸对水稻侧根发生的影响

实验材料为水稻 (OryzasativaL .)栽培品种“IR8”(国际水稻所 8号 )及其少侧根突变体MT10。将 2d水稻幼苗种子根全部浸入 0 .0 16～ 5 0 μmol/L茉莉酸 (JA)溶液处理 2d ,结果表明JA显著抑制种子根的伸长 ,其抑制程度与JA浓度成正比。不高于 2 μmol/L的JA显著促进侧根的发生 ,每cm的侧根数目随浓度的增加而增加 ,最多可增加到原来的 16 8% (“IR8”)和 2 85 % (MT10 )。 10 μmol/L的JA仍促进处理过程中和处理后生成根区段的侧根数目的增加 ,但明显抑制处理前生成根区段侧根的发生 ,每cm的侧根数目有所下降     

茉莉酸对水稻侧根发生的影响

实验材料为水稻(Oryza sativa L.)栽培品种"IR8"(国际水稻所8号)及其少侧根突变体MT10.将2 d水稻幼苗种子根全部浸入0.016～50 μmol/L 茉莉酸(JA)溶液处理2 d,结果表明JA显著抑制种子根的伸长,其抑制程度与JA浓度成正比.不高于2 μmol/L的JA显著促进侧根的发生,每cm的侧根数目随浓度的增加而增加,最多可增加到原来的168%("IR8")和285%(MT10).10 μmol/L的JA仍促进处理过程中和处理后生成根区段的侧根数目的增加,但明显抑制处理前生成根区段侧根的发生,每cm的侧根数目有所下降.     

离体条件下外源茉莉酸甲酯对人参锈腐病菌的影响（英文）

人参(Panax ginseng)是我国传统的名贵药材,由毁灭柱孢(Cylindrocarpon destructans)引起的人参锈腐病是严重影响人参产量和品质的重要根部病害之一,在人参生产中会造成严重的经济损失。茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,Me JA)是一类新型的生长调节物质,既可以参与植物对病原菌及其他逆境胁迫做出的应答并进行信号传递,又可用来诱导植物的抗病反应。为了明确Me JA对人参锈腐病菌的影响并解析Me JA与病原菌致病因子之间的相互关系,该文研究了外源Me JA在不同浓度下对C.destructans的直接影响,包括对菌落生长、孢子萌发、菌丝生长量、病菌分泌水解酶的影响。结果表明:Me JA能够强烈抑制病原菌的生长和孢子萌发,而对病原菌致病酶的活性则表现出促进作用;人参锈腐病菌在PDA平板上的菌落直径从(8.23±0.15)cm(对照)减少到(0.71±0.00)cm(800μg·m L~(-1)Me JA),在Me JA浓度达到最高时,菌落生长几乎完全被抑制;Me JA的浓度大于400μg·m L~(-1)时,病原菌的生物量减少了65.3%~100%,孢子萌发率和芽管长度减少了100%;Me JA在浓度大于200μg·m L~(-1)时,果胶酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶活性升高而蛋白酶的活性却没有变化。综上表明,Me JA对病原菌产生抑制作用的临界浓度为200μg·m L~(-1)。该研究结果为后续使用Me JA处理人参植株进行诱导抗病性的研究奠定了基础,同时也有助于进一步了解人参锈腐病的致病机理,并为病害防控提供了理论参考。     

绿色杜氏藻DHDDS基因生物信息学分析及表达研究

绿色杜氏藻是一种能产生重要次生代谢产物类胡萝卜素的单细胞绿藻,脱氢多萜醇焦磷酸合成酶(dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase,DHDDS)是其在类胡萝卜素合成途径中的相关酶。旨在研究DHDDS基因表达与类胡萝卜素含量之间的关系。提取绿色杜氏藻总RNA,通过转录组测序获得DHDDS基因全长,对该基因进行生物信息学分析;并用不同浓度甲基茉莉酸(Me JA)处理绿色杜氏藻,采用实时定量PCR研究该基因转录差异。结果显示,绿色杜氏藻DHDDS基因全长2 211 bp,含有一个1 740 bp长的开放阅读框(ORF),编码579个氨基酸序列。DHDDS蛋白质理论等电点为7.63,相对分子质量为62 472.7 Da。预测结果表明,DHDDS蛋白不含信号肽,也不存在跨膜区域,该蛋白定位于细胞质基质。氨基酸序列比对结果显示,绿色杜氏藻DHDDS蛋白与小球藻的同源性最高(59%)。实时定量PCR结果表明,经100μmol/L Me JA处理的绿色杜氏藻DHDDS表达水平最高,具有极显著差异;在该浓度下,类胡萝卜素含量均高于其他浓度组。且DHDDS基因的表达与类胡萝卜素含量呈一定的相关性。绿色杜氏藻DHDDS是一种定位于细胞质基质中的酶,其与绿色杜氏藻类胡萝卜素合成途径有关。在一定浓度范围的Me JA诱导下,低浓度的Me JA对其表达起促进作用,高浓度Me JA对其表达有抑制作用,且其表达与类胡萝卜素含量呈一定的相关性。     

牛血清白蛋白与地肤提取物N-反式阿魏酰酪胺相互作用研究

该研究以一年生白及幼苗为材料,通过测定生物量、氨基酸含量、蛋白质及多糖含量的变化,研究不同浓度的芸苔素内酯（BR）、萘乙酸（NAA）和茉莉酸甲酯（Me JA）喷施对白及幼苗假鳞茎快速生长发育影响。结果表明：1.6 × 10 4 mmol·L 1的BR处理组,假鳞茎鲜重达3.39 g/株,高于其他处理组,分别是清水对照(CK1)和沼气肥对照组(CK2)的1.19倍和1.25倍;单个假鳞茎（单株）的新生萌芽数也高于其他处理,达到2.17个,说明生产效益至少可提高19%。把两个对照组和三种植物生长调节物质处理后假鳞茎产量最高的处理组（即1.6 ×10 4 mmol·L 1的BR、0.5 mmol·L 1的NAA和0.25 mmol·L 1的Me JA）进一步测定假鳞茎氨基酸、蛋白质和多糖含量,发现CK2氨基酸含量最高,高达8.58%,而CK1含量最低,仅为5.21%,三种植物生长调节物质处理组分别是7.26%、7.53%和5.69%。蛋白质含量由高到低依次是沼气肥对照组、1.6 ×10 4 mmol·L 1 BR、0.5 mmol·L 1 NAA、0.25 mmol·L 1 ME JA和清水对照组,它们的含量分别是11.6%、11.0%、10.5%、9.14%、7.72%,这说明与氨基酸含量基本一致。三种植物生长调节物质处理后白及多糖含量分别为24.2%、26.5%、26.5%,均远高于清水对照（19.3%）和沼气肥对照（21.8%）。综合分析认为,1.6 ×10 4 mmol·L 1的BR能同时提高白及假鳞茎的产量和质量。该研究结果对于白及规模化种植栽培具有重要指导意义。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.