中国西南地区独活属植物叶表皮微形态特征及其系统学意义

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对中国西南地区独活属16种1变种植物(分隶于中国独活属的全部4个组)的叶表皮微形态进行了观察,测量并统计气孔器大小、密度和气孔指数,并用统计学方法对远轴面气孔器长轴进行显著差异性分析.结果显示:无规则型气孔器普遍存在于所有研究类群的叶远轴面及个别类群叶近轴面,气孔器的分布和密度具有种间特异性.表皮毛普遍存在于远轴面及大部分类群近轴面,长短和覆盖密度因种而异.近轴面表皮细胞为多边形或者不规则形,垂周壁平直、浅波状或波状;远轴面表皮细胞形态多不规则形,表皮细胞垂周壁浅波状或波状.在扫描电镜下,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为近平滑、浅波状或波状;角质膜条纹状,有的附有颗粒状、鳞片状蜡质等结构.气孔器外拱盖形态以及蜡质类型是稳定的鉴别特征.研究表明独活属植物叶表皮特征存在较大的种间差异,对独活属的系统分类及进化研究具有重要意义,文中对叶表皮特征在独活属植物分类处理中的应用及系统进化问题等进行了讨论,并建立了以叶表皮微形态特征为依据的分类检索表.     

鹿药属植物叶表皮特征及其系统学意义

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对鹿药属12种植物的叶表皮进行了观察,首次报道了12种鹿药属(Sm ilaci-na)植物叶表皮的微形态特征。结果表明:气孔器普遍存在于叶的下表皮,少数种的上表皮也有分布,均为不规则形。叶表皮细胞形状为多边形或不规则形,垂周壁式样可区分为近平直、浅波状和波状。在扫描电镜下,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为近平滑、浅波状或波状;角质膜条纹状,有的条纹隆起,有的条纹上附有颗粒和晶簇。气孔器的分布、气孔器外拱盖内缘形态以及角质膜等特征对该属部分种的区分具有一定的参考价值。     

中国花椒属（广义）叶表皮特征初步研究

利用光镜和扫描电镜对国产花椒属Zanthoxylum s.1.40种(变种)植物的叶表皮形态特征进行了观察.结果发现:无规则型气孔器普遍存在于所有研究种类叶下表皮及个别种类叶上表皮;叶表皮细胞有规则多边形、不规则多边形2种形态;垂周壁式样有平直、浅波状和深波状3种类型.在扫描电镜下,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为平滑、浅波状或波状;气孔器附近的角质膜平坦或皱褶.表面光滑或具有各种纹饰.叶表皮形态特征研究结果表明崖椒亚属subgen.Fagara与花椒亚属subgen. Zanthoxylum之间存在有许多的共同点,它们共同组成广义花椒属.文中还对叶表皮特征在花椒属部分种类分类中的应用进行了讨论.     

茄科天仙子族的叶表皮特征及其系统学意义

在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,观察了茄科天仙子族７属２１种及其邻近类群２属３种共２４种植物的叶表皮特征。结果表明：气孔器在各种植物的上、下表皮均有分布,多为无规则型,也有不等细胞型;叶表皮细胞形状有不同规则形、十字形、近长圆形和不规则多边形,垂周壁较平直、浅波状、波状或深波状。在扫描电镜下可见：叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘近平滑、浅波状或波状;角质膜多为具条纹,也有同时具条纹和颗粒或鳞片,偶尔仅具颗粒和鳞片     

中国棱子芹属植物叶表皮微形态特征及其系统学研究

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对棱子芹属(Pleurospermum)11种植物的叶表皮微形态特征进行了观察研究.结果表明:(1)显微观察显示,气孔器普遍存在于叶的下表皮.少数种的上表皮也有分布,多为无规则型;叶表皮细胞形状为多边型或不规则形.垂周壁式样可区分为近平直、平直-弓形、浅波状和波状.(2)扫描电镜观察显示,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为近平滑、浅波状或波状;角质膜条纹状,有的条纹隆起,有的条纹上附有颗粒和晶簇.(3)气孔器的分布、气孔器外拱盖内缘形态以及角质膜等特征对该属部分种的区分有一定的参考价值.(4)结合外部形态特征,推测康定棱子芹应作为种一级分类群.松潘棱子芹与宝兴棱子芹的亲缘关系比较近.     

中国红豆属植物的叶表皮形态学

用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了红豆属(Ormosia)35种的叶表皮形态,这些植物的叶上下表皮细胞为不规则形或多边形,垂周壁有平直、弓形、浅波状或深波状,表皮细胞形状和垂周壁在种间有一些差异。气孔仅存在于下表皮,形状为椭圆形或卵形,以平列型为主;此外还有其他类型的气孔,如长脐红豆、海南红豆等的气孔为不规则形、不等型;少数种类如亮毛红豆、茸荚红豆等的气孔不明显。气孔外拱盖光滑,呈浅波状、波状或不明显,气孔内拱盖光滑、近光滑、浅波状或不明显;蜡被近光滑、颗粒状、鳞片状、条纹状或结网状;多数种具毛被。叶表皮与气孔器特征可作为区分种、变种或亚种的依据。叶表皮微观形态特征支持红豆属成为一个自然类群。     

中国梅花草属植物的叶表皮特征及其系统学意义

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对梅花草属Parnassia 30种植物的叶表皮进行了观察。结果表明:气孔器普遍存在于叶的下表皮,少数种的上表皮也有分布,均为无规则型。叶表皮细胞形状为多边形或不规则形;垂周壁式样可区分为近平直、浅波状和波状。在扫描电镜下,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为近平滑、浅波状或波状;一些种的保卫细胞两端有加厚;角质膜条纹状,有的条纹隆起,有的条纹上附有颗粒或小孔穴。气孔器类型及下表皮细胞形状的一致性表明梅花草属是一个自然分类群;sect. Saxifragastrum叶表皮特征具有多样性显示该组可能是一个复合群;突隔梅花草P. delavayi属于subsect. Xiphosandra,其气孔下陷,与其细胞学特征相似,支持独立为一组;此外,气孔器的分布、保卫细胞两端加厚、气孔器外拱盖内缘形态以及角质膜等特征对该属部分种的区分有一定的参考价值。     

中国木犀属植物叶表皮形态

应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对中国木犀属(Osmanthus)4组20种植物的叶表皮微形态进行了观察研究。发现该属植物叶上、下表皮细胞近相似,不规则或多边形,上表皮无气孔器,气孔器为环列型,放射状细胞型,短平列型、环列型及其过渡类型。气孔外拱盖表面多平滑,或具有颗粒状纹饰,拱盖内缘平滑,波状或不规则。气孔通常下陷,两端加厚或不加厚,周围角质膜通常增厚成环状包着气孔,上具绳索状条纹或光滑。表面蜡质纹饰常为颗粒状、鳞片状、块状、毛状、绳状或稍平滑。柊树气孔外拱盖边缘具明显的针晶,与其它种不同。腺体存在于叶的上、下表面,性状不稳定,其分类学意义不明显。木犀属叶表皮垂周壁式样、气孔器类型、气孔密度都有很大的变异,与属下分组有一定的对应性,并在组间表现出一定的演化关系。     

贯众属的叶表皮特征

对贯众属（Cyrtomium）19种植物和近缘类群的15种植物的叶表皮形态特征进行了光学显微镜观察,并对包括贯众属3个亚系的模式种在内的12个种进行了扫描电镜观察。结果显示贯众属的叶表皮细胞为多边形或不规则形,垂周壁近平直、弓形、浅波状、波状至深波状。贯众属的气孔器分布于叶片下表皮,有无规则型、横列型和极附型三种类型,其中无规则型是主要的气孔器类型。气孔器表面观为宽椭圆形,长椭圆形,稀为近圆形,气孔外拱盖内缘近平滑、浅波状至啮齿-浅波状。大多数种类叶片表面角质膜具条纹,并常有条状隆起,或具颗粒等附属物。目前研究未发现可作为邢公侠二系四亚系诊断特征的明显的叶解剖特征。     

黑龙江绣线菊属植物叶表皮形态结构的研究北大核心CSCD

利用扫描电子显微镜对黑龙江绣线菊属(Spiraea)15种植物成熟叶片表皮形态结构进行比较研究。结果表明:叶表皮细胞呈不规则形和多边形,垂周壁式样为平直弓形、深波状或浅波状;多数植物不具有表皮毛,少数植物上下表皮均具表皮毛或上表皮具有表皮毛;气孔器为无规则型、轮列型和不典型的辐射型且均位于叶的下表皮;气孔外拱盖内缘平滑、近平滑、波状和浅波状;气孔外拱盖单层或双层;保卫细胞两极无"T"型加厚。为该属植物的系统演化关系和植物分类学提供形态学理论依据。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.