植物细胞培养生物反应器的种类特点及展望

生物反应器技术应用于植物细胞培养既可以打破环境条件的限制,又有助于生产过程的人为调控,为植物细胞大规模培养或工厂化直接生产植物细胞有用代谢产物创造了条件,是当前植物细胞培养工作的研究热点。在介绍植物细胞培养特点的基础上,对适用于植物细胞培养的各类生物反应器(搅拌式生物反应器、非搅拌式生物反应器、用于植物细胞固定化培养的生物反应器、光生物反应器以及一次性培养生物反应器)的原理、优缺点等进行比较分析,最后提出了植物细胞培养生物反应器研究的发展方向,以期为植物细胞培养生物反应器的选择及改良提供参考。     

植物生物反应器制药的现状及展望

随着生命科学的发展以及基因工程和分子生物学技术的迅速崛起,人们能够利用不同生物体作为"工厂"生产出可供治疗人类疾病和具有保健功能的产品,即生物制药。目前使用的生物反应器平台有细菌、酵母、昆虫细胞、哺乳动物细胞和植物表达系统,其中以植物为平台的生物反应器以其技术操作简单和成本较低越来越受到人们的青睐。就植物生物反应器在生物制药领域的应用、存在的问题以及可以采取的改进措施进行了概述。同时针对目前生物制药发展的趋势,对植物生物反应器的应用及推广进行了展望。     

植物细胞大量培养的工艺学

植物细胞大量培养的工艺学(Technology)是研究植物细胞在生物反应器内生长和次级代谢物的合成规律,包括氧的吸收和传递、流变学特性、生物反应器的设计和放大、生长和产物合成动力学等,是一门新兴的跨学科技术。本文就植物细胞大量培养过程的工艺学研究作一概述。     

植物细胞培养的生物反应器

本文介绍了植物细胞培养的特点及其生物反应器的设计原理,概述了植物细胞悬浮培养和固定化细胞系统中各类生物反应器的传氧、混合和流体力学特性与植物细胞生长和次生代谢物生产的关系。     

植物组织培养生物反应器技术研究进展

从植物大规模组织培养的特点、反应器类型和反应器中微环境等方面介绍了生物反应器技术在药用植物微繁殖和天然产物细胞生产中的研究进展。     

植物细胞大规模培养生物反应器研制概况

本文对植物细胞培养中使用的搅拌式生物反应器,气升式生物反应器,固定化细胞生物反应器,光照培养生物反应器和其它新型生物反应器装置进行了全面的评述。     

植物细胞大规模培养生物反应器研制概况

本文对植物细胞培养中使用的搅拌式生物反应器,气升式生物反应器,固定化细胞生物反应器,光照培养生物反应器和其它新型生物反应器装置进行了全面的评述。     

利用生物反应器培养植物细胞的研究进展（Ⅱ）

介绍了当前用于植物细胞培养的生物反应器类型（搅拌式、气升式、转鼓式和鼓泡式生物反应器）及其特点,对各种类型的反应器进行了比较与选择;并进一步介绍了植物细胞固定化培养,提出今后利用反应器大规模培养植物细胞的发展研究方向。     

利用生物反应器培养植物细胞的研究进展(Ⅱ)

介绍了当前用于植物细胞培养的生物反应器类型(搅拌式、气升式、转鼓式和鼓泡式生物反应器)及其特点,对各种类型的反应器进行了比较与选择;并进一步介绍了植物细胞固定化培养,提出今后利用反应器大规模培养植物细胞的发展研究方向。     

植物反应器——生产FGF的“植物工厂”

<正>植物能进行光合作用,仅需要来自土壤的矿物质和水分便可在适宜的条件下获得大量人们所需的产物,而产物贮藏在种子、果实和块茎等器官中,十分便于贮运。植物生物反应器利用基因重组技术,以植物组织或细胞作为生物反应器来生产医药蛋白,进而提供廉价、绿色、安全、充足的药品。植物生物反应器是融合农业、生物技术和医药     

植物细胞生物反应器培养的研究进展(I)

利用植物细胞大规模悬浮培养生产植物有用代谢产物在近些年来取得了很大发展,但植物细胞悬浮培养的工业化应用受到来自生物及工程技术上的限制。本文针对植物细胞培养的基本特点,详细讨论了与大规模生产有关的工程技术方面的问题,如植物细胞聚集、溶氧及气体成分、流体性能、剪切力对植物细胞培养产生的影响。     

植物细胞生物反应器培养的研究进展(I)

利用植物细胞大规模悬浮培养生产植物有用代谢产物在近些年来取得了很大发展,但植物细胞悬浮培养的工业化应用受到来自生物及工程技术上的限制.本文针对植物细胞培养的基本特点,详细讨论了与大规模生产有关的工程技术方面的问题,如植物细胞聚集、溶氧及气体成分、流体性能、剪切力对植物细胞培养产生的影响.     

植物原生质体在分子细胞生物学研究中的应用

植物原生质体是去除了细胞壁的裸露细胞,其具有细胞全能性,现广泛应用于植物分子细胞生物学的研究中,可以大大缩减实验周期,并有助于得到体内实验的实时检测数据。该文除了介绍植物原生质体的提取和纯化方法外,还对国内外利用各种植物的原生质体进行细胞瞬时转化、亚细胞定位、细胞融合和大分子复合物相互作用等试验进行了总结和讨论。植物原生质体还可用于基因表达模式的实时检测,并作为生物反应器的受体细胞进行代谢物的体外生产。此外,还对当前该技术所面临的瓶颈进行了分析,为植物原生质体在分子细胞生物学领域的应用提供帮助,为技术的优化和推广提供参考。     

转基因水稻的研究和应用

植物基因工程的兴起,使特定的外源基因引入植物细胞成为可能。水稻转基因研究是国内外植物分子遗传学研究的热点之一。近十几年来,水稻转基因研究已取得显著进展。综述了水稻基因转化的方法、转基因技术在水稻上的应用及外源基因在转基因后代中的遗传表达的研究进展。     

The myth of plant transformation

Technology development is innovative to many aspects of basic and applied plant transgenic science. Plant genetic engineering has opened new avenues to modify crops, and provided new solutions to solve specific needs. Development of procedures in cell biology to regenerate plants from single cells or organized tissue, and the discovery of novel techniques to transfer genes to plant cells provided the prerequisite for the practical use of genetic engineering in crop modification and improvement. Plant transformation technology has become an adaptable platform for cultivar improvement as well as for studying gene function in plants. This success represents the climax of years of efforts in tissue culture improvement, in transformation techniques and in genetic engineering. Plant transformation vectors and methodologies have been improved to increase the efficiency of transformation and to achieve stable expression of transgenes in plants. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of important issues related to plant transformation as well as advances made in transformation techniques during three decades.     

New trends in microbial technology

Microbial technology includes not only the production of materials in bioreactors, or the production of new catalysts by genetic engineering but extends to aspects of both human and animal health care, waste and pollution management, enhanced oil recovery, mineral leaching, advanced plant breeding, diagnostics and analytical equipment, biosensors, bioelectronics and renewable energy system based on biomass feedstocks. National strategies of industrialized countries are being developed which identify microbial technology as a substantial factor in the attainment of industrial and economic goals. Although extremely promising microbial technology is not a quick fix and its application will only arise as a result of systematic programme of research and development. Such programme requires a broad base of disciplinary underpinning in molecular biology, genetics and bioengineering. The development of expertise of this kind in the tertiary educational institutions is the essential starting point. It should be developed by appropriate programmes and networking systems.     

Enslaved bacteria as new hope for plant biotechnologists

The most distinguishing feature of the plant cell is a DNA-containing organelle that sets plants apart from all other organisms: the chloroplast. Compelling evidence supports an endosymbiotic origin for chloroplasts. According to this theory, chloroplasts are descendants of formerly free-living cyanobacterial ancestors which entered an endosymbiotic relationship with a pre-eukaryotic cell and were ultimately integrated into the metabolism of the host cell. Chloroplasts retain many prokaryotic features and their gene expression system still closely resembles that of their eubacterial ancestors. During the past decade, our knowledge about chloroplast biology has benefited immensely from a most remarkable methodological breakthrough: the development of transformation technologies for chloroplast genomes. Moreover, recent advances in the manipulation of higher plant chloroplast genomes have created unprecedented opportunities for the genetic engineering of plants and promise to overcome many of the problems associated with conventional transgenic technologies. This review describes the state of the art in genetic engineering of higher plant chloroplast genomes and highlights the tremendous potential of these technologies for the biotechnology of the future. Received: 27 January 2000 / Received revision: 15 March 2000 / Accepted: 24 March 2000     

合成生物学与代谢工程

随着DNA重组技术的日趋成熟,代谢工程的理论和应用已经得到了迅速发展。合成生物学是近年来蓬勃发展的一门新兴学科,在许多领域都具有重要的应用。以下从改造细胞代谢的关键因子、代谢途径的调节和宿主细胞与代谢途径构建的关系等方面详细讨论了合成生物学的最新进展和合成生物学在代谢工程领域的应用。     

Plant cell and tissue culture: alternatives for metabolite production

Plant cell culture systems represent a potential renewable source of valuable medicinals, flavours, essences and colourants that cannot be produced by microbial cells or chemical syntheses. However, only a few cultures produce these compounds in commercially useful amounts. The low productivities are associated with our poor understanding of the biochemistry of these systems. Recent advances in molecular biology, enzymology, physiology and fermentation technology of plant cell cultures suggest that these systems will become a viable source of important natural products. This review examines the sate of the art of production of medicinal plant secondary metabolites by plant cell cultures.     

Production and engineering of terpenoids in plant cell culture

Terpenoids are a diverse class of natural products that have many functions in the plant kingdom and in human health and nutrition. Their chemical diversity has led to the discovery of over 40,000 different structures, with several classes serving as important pharmaceutical agents, including the anticancer agents paclitaxel (Taxol) and terpenoid-derived indole alkaloids. Many terpenoid compounds are found in low yield from natural sources, so plant cell cultures have been investigated as an alternate production strategy. Metabolic engineering of whole plants and plant cell cultures is an effective tool to both increase terpenoid yield and alter terpenoid distribution for desired properties such as enhanced flavor, fragrance or color. Recent advances in defining terpenoid metabolic pathways, particularly in secondary metabolism, enhanced knowledge concerning regulation of terpenoid accumulation, and application of emerging plant systems biology approaches, have enabled metabolic engineering of terpenoid production. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of terpenoid metabolism, with a special focus on production of important pharmaceutically active secondary metabolic terpenoids in plant cell cultures. Strategies for defining pathways and uncovering rate-influencing steps in global metabolism, and applying this information for successful terpenoid metabolic engineering, are emphasized.