连作苹果土壤酚酸对平邑甜茶幼苗的影响

为探讨连作(重茬)苹果土壤中酚酸类物质的积累与苹果连作障碍的关系,在砂培条件下,取连作果园土壤中实际浓度的酚酸类物质处理平邑甜茶幼苗,探讨了连作2a的果园土壤中实测浓度的根皮苷、间苯三酚、根皮素、对羟基苯甲酸和肉桂酸对平邑甜茶幼苗根系线粒体指标、抗氧化酶活性、膜过氧化程度及活性氧(ROS)含量的影响。结果表明:连作土壤中实际浓度的5种酚酸类物质均使平邑甜茶幼苗生长受到抑制,根系受影响程度高于地上部分,表现为根冠比降低;线粒体膜通透性转换孔(MPTP)开放程度增大,线粒体膜电位降低,细胞色素Cyt c/a比值下降;降低了幼苗根系中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,增加了过氧化氢(H2O2)、超氧阴离子自由基(O·-2)以及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。土壤浓度的5种酚酸类物质中,以根皮苷处理抑制效果最显著,间苯三酚处理抑制力最小。因此,根皮苷是引起苹果连作障碍的主要酚酸,实践中应重点考虑对根皮苷的降解以缓解苹果连作障碍。     

酚酸物质对黄瓜幼苗及枯萎病菌菌丝生长的影响

研究了不同连作年限大棚土壤中酚酸物质的种类、含量及其对黄瓜幼苗和枯萎病菌菌丝生长的影响。结果表明:土壤中香草酸、对羟基苯甲酸及阿魏酸随黄瓜连作年限增加而呈现积累趋势;在连作7年的大棚土壤中3种酚酸类物质总量达29.8mg.kg-1干土,显著高于连作1年和3年土壤中的含量;酚酸物质可使黄瓜幼苗根长及茎粗显著降低,使株高及干物质量略有下降。与对照相比,酚酸物质使黄瓜幼苗体内过氧化物酶(POD)活性在短期内升高,5d后又呈下降趋势;对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响也表现出先升高后下降的变化趋势。高浓度酚酸使黄瓜幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量持续升高。枯萎病菌菌丝生长测定表明:42h内,低浓度(≤50mg.L-1)酚酸对枯萎病菌丝生长有刺激作用;酚酸浓度高于50mg.L-1时,对菌丝生长有抑制作用;随酚酸处理时间延长,枯萎病菌对酚酸物质的耐受性增强,对高浓度酚酸的生长抑制作用表现不明显。     

芦苇腐解土中酚酸类化感物质的水分响应特性研究

芦苇和虉草均具有较强的去污能力,常作为湿地植物配置于同一人工湿地进行污水处理。芦苇作为一种强化感植物对虉草具有较强的化感作用,在自然湿地和人工湿地中均会出现芦苇代替虉草的现象,且这一现象的发生与土壤含水量存在一定联系,此外,芦苇腐解土对虉草的化感抑制效应与腐解土中总酚酸的量密切相关。为了研究芦苇腐解土中主要酚酸类物质的水分响应特性,筛选出其中对水分响应较为明显的酚酸物质种类,该研究采用高效液相色谱法,通过芦苇枯落物腐解土的制备,对不同水分环境下芦苇腐解土中酚酸类物质进行了分离和鉴定。结果表明:芦苇腐解土中可分离出没食子酸、香豆酸、香草酸、丁香酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、水杨酸和苯甲酸等8种酚酸类物质,其中香豆酸、苯甲酸和阿魏酸等3种酚酸类物质含量较高。分离出的8种酚酸类物质的含量与腐解土的相对含水量均呈显著线性负相关关系,即随着腐解土相对含水量的上升,酚酸类物质的含量均呈现下降趋势,且各种酚酸类物质对水分的响应趋势均可用线性方程较好地拟合。其中,香豆酸、没食子酸和阿魏酸对芦苇腐解土的水分响应最为明显。因此,可将香豆酸、没食子酸和阿魏酸作为主要调控目标,通过调控湿地土壤中水分含量,削弱芦苇对虉草的化感抑制效应,从而维持人工湿地中虉草芦苇群落的长期稳定共存。     

草莓连作土壤酚酸类物质积累对土壤线虫的影响

通过大田试验和盆栽试验相结合的方式,对不同连作年限草莓土壤酚酸类物质含量、土壤线虫数量和食细菌线虫数量以及外源酚酸类物质对土壤线虫数量和食细菌线虫数量的影响进行了研究。结果表明:随连作年限的增加,草莓连作土壤中酚酸类物质含量明显增加,土壤线虫总数和食细菌线虫总数整体呈现下降趋势,且连作5年的土壤线虫总数和食细菌线虫数量最低,酚酸类物质含量与土壤线虫总数和食细菌线虫数量呈负相关;对羟基苯甲酸和对香豆酸在浓度低于200μg·g-1时使土壤线虫总数和食细菌线虫数量增加,而高于200μg·g-1时起抑制作用;肉桂酸在浓度低于100μg·g-1时增加了土壤线虫总数和食细菌线虫数量,而高于100μg·g-1时起抑制作用;随阿魏酸浓度的增加,线虫数量变化规律不明显,当其浓度高于100μg·g-1时起抑制作用;混合酚酸随浓度增加对土壤线虫总数和食细菌线虫数量的抑制作用增强。     

日光温室黄瓜长期连作自毒物质累积与土壤肥力因子的关系

以日光温室连作第2、6、10、14、18、20、24、26茬次的黄瓜根际土壤为研究材料,研究了长期连作对黄瓜根际土壤酚酸类物质的影响及其与土壤化学性质、酶活性、微生物活性的关系.结果表明:随着连作茬次的增加,酚酸类物质含量显著增加,且茬次间的总酚增长量在连作前期(0～2茬)和后期(20～26茬)显著高于连作中期(10～...     

黄瓜连作土壤酚酸类物质积累对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

伴随连作年限的增加,日光温室黄瓜连作土壤中酚酸类物质(对羟基苯甲酸、阿魏酸、苯甲酸)明显积累,连作5～9年的土壤酚酸类物质含量显著高于连作1～3年的土壤.伴随外源酚酸类物质处理浓度的增加,黄瓜根区土壤中细菌、放线菌和微生物总量以及N生理群均呈先升后降趋势,在80 μg·g^-1处理浓度下细菌、放线菌数量最多,处理浓度在120μg·g^-1以下土壤真菌数量(包括尖孢镰刀菌、疫霉)急剧增长;多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性也同样呈先升后降趋势,但其峰值对应的浓度不同.     

太子参不同休耕年限土壤理化特征和微生物群落变化

太子参为福建道地中药材,连作效应严重限制其产业发展。休耕可以在一定程度上缓解连作效应,然而休耕对于缓解连作效应的机制尚不清楚。本文通过高通量测序分析不同休耕年限对太子参土壤微生物丰度及群落多样性的影响,并探索土壤理化性质、酚酸类物质与土壤微生物群落之间的关联性。结果表明:与对照太子参土壤相比,休耕土壤真菌多样性降低,细菌多样性增多。在细菌优势菌门中,酸杆菌门相对丰度显著增加,变形菌门与放线菌门相对丰度显著降低;真菌优势菌门相对丰度无显著变化。土壤酸性减弱,有机质含量随休耕年限增加呈现递减模式,酚酸类物质中苯甲酸和水杨酸含量显著降低,而对香豆酸等逐渐积累。综上,太子参土壤休耕改善了土壤微生物的菌群结构、土壤性质,从而缓解了连作效应。     

内生真菌对花生残茬腐解及土壤酚酸含量的影响

土壤中花生残茬是导致连作障碍的原因之一。为了探讨施加内生真菌Phomopsis liquidambari(B3)对加速花生残茬腐解、改善连作花生土壤环境、缓解花生连作障碍的作用及其可能机理,通过向土壤中添加花生(Archis hypogaea)残体,利用盆栽试验探讨了施加B3对花生残茬腐解率、土壤部分酚酸物质和酶活性的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,在萌发期和苗期,添加B3处理显著加快残茬腐解,提高纤维素木质素降解率,增加土壤中对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸和香豆酸的含量;在花生整个生育期,施加B3显著调节了土壤中漆酶、锰过氧化物酶(Manganese peroxidase,Mn P)、木质素过氧化物酶(Lignin peroxidase,Li P)和多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性的动态变化,这种变化有利于花生残茬快速腐解和酚酸类化感物质的及时转化。开花期之后施加B3处理土壤酚酸含量显著降低,花生荚果增产19.9%。实时定量PCR结果表明内生真菌B3在土壤中30 d内可以被检测,并对复杂多样的酚酸类物质具有广谱高效的降解能力。由此说明,施加内生真菌B3可以显著加快连作土壤中花生残茬腐解,进而通过减少土壤酚酸含量来缓解由残茬腐解引起的连作障碍。     

滇重楼须根腐解对根际土壤酚酸物质的影响

目的：本研究主要探讨滇重楼须根腐解产物对其根际土壤酚酸物质种类和含量的影响，为滇重楼连作障碍形成机制提供科学依据。方法：采用室温盆栽法，以未栽培过滇重楼的沙壤土为栽培基质，研究滇重楼须根腐解对根际土壤酚酸类物质种类和含量的影响。结果：结果表明，滇重楼根际土壤中主要含有香草酸（VA）、丹参素（DSU）、对香豆酸（PCA）和对羟基苯甲酸（PHA）四种酚酸物质，其中DSU含量最高，PCA含量最低，随着根际土壤中滇重楼须根施用量的增加，同一年生滇重楼幼苗的根际土壤中上述四种酚酸物质含量逐渐升高，且对不同滇重楼年生的影响不同，呈现随着种苗生长年限的增加而根际土壤中四种酚酸物质分量增加的趋势。相关性分析发现，VA与PCA、DSU与PHA、VA与PCA以及PHA与VA和PCA间均呈显著正相关，这说明滇重楼根际土壤中四种酚酸物质的积累相互具有一定的促进作用。结论：滇重楼根际土壤中酚酸物质主要来源于残留须根的腐解，是人工栽培滇重楼连作障碍形成的主要原因之一，故在采摘人工栽培滇重楼时应尽量避免大量须根被遗留在土壤中而影响下一茬植物的生长发育，尤其是滇重楼的生长发育。     

杉木林生态系统中土壤酚类物质含量的变化规律

以天然更新常绿阔叶林、老龄杉木[ Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.]林(代表一代杉木林)、二代杉木萌芽天然更新林和二代杉木人工林作为杉木林生态系统转换模式的系列样地,研究了不同季节(3月、6月、9月和12月)4个样地0～20和20 ～ 40 cm土层土壤中酚类物质(包括总酚、复合态酚和水溶性酚)含量的变化规律.结果表明:各样地土壤总酚含量最高(278.40 ～3 012.98 μg·g-1),复合态酚含量次之(20.67～ 430.54 μg·g-1),水溶性酚含量最低(0.36～6.01 μg·g-1).各样地问不同土层中总酚、复合态酚和水溶性酚含量均值的高低变化不一致,但总体上顺着森林生态系统转换的方向(天然常绿阔叶林→一代杉木人工林→二代杉木人工林),0～20和20～ 40 cm土层中总酚和复合态酚含量以及O～20 cm土层中水溶性酚含量均值均呈现逐渐增加的趋势,而20～40 cm土层中水溶性酚含量均值则无明显变化规律.各样地0～20 cm土层中各种酚类物质含量总体上高于20～40 cm土层,表明随土层加深,总酚、复合态酚和水溶性酚含量呈现逐渐降低的趋势.各种酚类物质含量具有明显的季节变化规律,总酚和复合态酚含量总体上呈现出3月和9月较高、6月和12月较低的变化趋势,水溶性酚含量总体上呈现出随着季节变化(3月至12月)逐渐降低的趋势,不同季节间土壤中各类酚类物质含量的差异均达到了极显著水平.研究结果显示:随杉木人工林栽植代数的增加,土壤中会积累一定量酚类物质,但其中水溶性酚含量远低于使植物中毒的水平(50 μg·g-1),造成杉木中毒的可能性较小.     

Linking Soil Biotic and Abiotic Factors to Apple Replant Disease: a Greenhouse Approach

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a frequently occurring plant disease, which causes retarded growth and mortality of young apple trees in replanted orchards. The aetiology is not well understood, but soil‐borne micro‐organisms are often discussed as primary causal agents of the replant problem. A greenhouse study was conducted in Laimburg, Italy, with orchard soils from the region, with the aim of obtaining information about the influence of soil biotic and abiotic factors on the aetiology of the disease. Apple rootstocks (M9) were planted into soils cultivated with apple trees that were either fumigated with chloropicrin or not fumigated, as well as mixtures of fumigated and non‐fumigated soils. In addition, uncultivated soils (from the inter‐row, from a fallow plot and from a meadow) were taken as controls. Various parameters were measured after 62 days in a controlled pot assay. Soils fumigated with chloropicrin resulted in higher apple shoot growth and lower microbial biomass carbon than non‐fumigated soils. Uncultivated soils had generally the highest microbial biomass carbon and the highest ergosterol contents. No considerable differences between basal respiration, ergosterol content, pH, electrical conductivity, and most nutrient and metal contents were observed between fumigated and non‐fumigated soils. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis gels of DNA extracted from the soils revealed differences in the fungal, bacterial and actinobacterial communities of the different soils, indicating significant shifts in microbial community composition after chloropicrin treatment. This study indicates biotic factors in soil to be a causal agent of apple replant disease.     

Long-term orchard groundcover management systems affect soil microbial communities and apple replant disease severity

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a soil-disease syndrome of complex etiology that affects apple tree roots in replanted orchards, resulting in stunted tree growth and reduced yields. To investigate whether different groundcover management systems (GMSs) influence subsequent ARD severity, we grew apple seedlings in an outdoor nursery in pots containing orchard soil from field plots where four GMSs had been maintained for 14 years in an orchard near Ithaca, NY, USA. The GMS treatments were: (1) pre-emergence herbicide (Pre-H), bare soil strips maintained by applying tank-mixed glyphosate, norflurazon and diuron herbicides annually; (2) post-emergence herbicide (Post-H), sparse weed cover maintained by applying glyphosate in May and July each year; (3) mowed sod grass (Mowed Sod); and (4) bark mulch (Mulch). Soils were also sampled from the grass drive lane maintained between the trees in the orchard (Grass Lane). Sampled soils (Orchard soil) were either pasteurized or left untreated, placed into 4-L pots, and planted with one apple seedling per pot. After 3 months of growth, soil (Bioassay soil) and apple tree roots (Bioassay roots) were sampled from each pot and microbial populations colonizing samples were characterized. Seedling growth was reduced in soils sampled from all four GMS treatments compared to the Grass Lane soils. Among the GMS treatments, seedling biomass was greater in Pre-H than in the Post-H soil. Soil microbial communities and nutrient availability differed among all four GMS treatments and the Grass Lane. Root-lesion (Pratylenchus sp.) nematode populations were higher in the Mowed Sod than in the other GMS treatments. Soil bacterial and fungal community composition was assessed in Orchard and Bioassay soils and Bioassay roots with a DNA fingerprinting method (T-RFLP). Redundancy analysis indicated that soils sampled from the different GMS treatments differentially influenced seedling biomass. A clone library of 267 soil bacteria was developed from sampled Orchard soils and Bioassay roots. These communities were dominated by Acidobacteria (25% of sequences), Actinobacteria (19%), δ-Proteobacteria (12%), β-Proteobacteria (10%), and these ratios differed among the GMS soils. Members of the family Comamonadaceae were detected only in tree-row soil, not in the Grass Lanes. The dominant sequences among 145 cloned fungi associated with apple seedling roots were Fusarium oxysporum (16% of sequences), an uncultured soil fungus submitted under DQ420986 (12%), and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (9%). In a redundancy analysis, factors including fungal and oomycete community compositions, soil respiration rates, population sizes of culturable bacteria and fungi, soil organic matter content, and nutrient availability, were not significant predictors of apple seedling biomass in these soils. Different GMS treatments used by apple growers may influence subsequent ARD severity in replanted trees, but edaphic factors commonly associated with soil fertility may not reliably predict tree-root health and successful establishment of replanted orchards.     

渭北旱塬苹果园地产量和深层土壤水分效应模拟

为了研究实时气象条件下渭北旱塬不同生长年限苹果园地产量变化趋势和深层土壤水分变化规律,在模型适用性与模拟精度验证基础上,应用WinEPIC模型模拟研究了1962—2001年期间洛川旱塬苹果园地产量演变动态和深层土壤水分效应。结果表明：(1) 在模拟研究期间,洛川旱塬4—40年生苹果园产量整体上呈波动性下降趋势,初期产量逐渐增加,11—23年生达到最大值(平均为28.8 t/hm2),之后随降水量年际波动呈现出明显的波动性降低趋势。(2) 40年间苹果园地遭受的干旱胁迫日数呈波动性上升趋势,与年降水量波动趋势相反。(3) 1—15年生期间苹果园地平均年耗水量高于同期年降水量,导致苹果园地0—10 m土层土壤强烈干燥化,逐月土壤有效含水量波动性降低,1—10年生、11—20年生和21—40年生期间发生土壤干燥化并且程度逐渐加剧,但干燥化速率逐渐减缓,土壤干燥化速率分别为95.4 mm/a、12 mm/a和1.5 mm/a。(4) 随生长年限的延长,苹果园地0—10 m土层土壤湿度逐渐降低、土壤干层分布深度逐渐加大,在14年生时超过了10 m,20年生以后2—10 m 土层形成稳定的土壤干层。因此,基于土壤水分利用的苹果生长与果园利用的合理年限为20 a,最长不宜超过23 a。     

Relations between grapevine replant disease and root colonization of grapevine (Vitis sp.) by fluorescent pseudomonads and endomycorrhizal fungi

In pot experiments cuttings of grapevine rootstock cultivar 5C were grown on a soil from a grapevine nursery affected with replant disease (replant soil) and on a similar soil that had not been planted with grapevines before (non-replant soil). Plants were also inoculated with the vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungus,Glomus mosseae, or left without mycorrhizal fungus inoculation. Shoot and root growth, mycorrhization of roots and numbers of total aerobic bacteria and fluorescent pseudomonads on the rhizoplane of grapevines were determined at several sampling dates. On replant soil, numbers of fluorescent pseudomonads on the rhizoplane were higher compared to non-replant soil, before differences in shoot and root weight between replant and non-replant soil occurred. Without inoculation withG. mosseae, the mycorrhization of roots was much lower on replant soil (13%) than on non-replant soil (51%). On replant soil, inoculation withG. mosseae increased mycorrhization to 39% and increased shoot length, leaf area and shoot weight. The beneficial effect of VA-fungus inoculation on replant soil was not due to increased nutrient concentrations in leaves. On replant soil, the inoculation withG. mosseae reduced the number of fluorescent pseudomonads on rhizoplane of grapevine, while the numbers of total aerobic bacteria were not influenced by inoculation withG. mosseae. These results suggest a direct or indirect role of fluorescent pseudomonads in replant disease of grapevine.     

施肥方式和园龄对洛川苹果园土壤钙素退化的影响

为明确黄土高原苹果产区施肥方式和园龄对土壤钙素含量和钙素贮量的影响,本研究以位于世界苹果优生区的陕西省洛川县苹果园为研究对象,分别研究不同施肥方式和不同园龄苹果园0～100 cm土层土壤碳酸钙、水溶性钙和交换性钙含量及其贮量的变化特征.结果表明: 洛川县苹果园土壤钙素递减式退化现象严重,长期大量单施化肥苹果园土壤钙素退化现象明显大于化肥与农家有机肥配施苹果园,单施化肥苹果园比化肥与农家有机肥配施苹果园0～100 cm土层土壤碳酸钙、水溶性钙和交换性钙平均含量分别减少38.8%、25.4%和5.6%,3种形态土壤钙素贮量依次减少36.4%、26.0%和4.3%;苹果园土壤钙素退化程度随园龄增加不断加剧,园龄>25年苹果园比园龄≤10年苹果园0～100 cm土层土壤碳酸钙、水溶性钙和交换性钙平均含量分别减少48.8%、69.4%和39.5%,3种形态土壤钙素贮量分别减少40.8%、64.1%和33.0%.长期大量单施化肥和长期种植苹果树均对土壤碳酸钙、水溶性钙、交换性钙有明显的耗竭作用,钙素递减式退化特征明显,化肥与农家有机肥配施能够有效减缓土壤钙素退化,对于园龄>25年的高龄苹果园应加强土壤钙素管理.施肥方式是苹果园土壤钙素递减的驱动因素,钙素递减呈现出明显的时(园龄)空(土层深度)效应.     

环渤海湾苹果产区老果园与连作果园土壤线虫群落特征

应用类群多样性、类群丰富度、个体密度和功能类群指数等群落参数,于2009年5-10月分3次对环渤海湾苹果栽植区老果园不同位置和连作果园取样研究了土壤线虫群落特征。结果表明:苹果连作对果园土壤生物环境具有明显的恶化作用,连作果园土壤环境条件恶劣;对功能类群指数的统计表明,苹果连作明显改变了果园土壤中植物寄生性线虫r-选择和k-选择的比例,与自由生活线虫比较,连作对植物寄生线虫影响更明显;连作提高了果园的土壤线虫PPI/MI,说明连作对果园土壤健康的扰动最大;土壤不同食性线虫数量统计结果显示,环渤海湾苹果栽植区植食性线虫数量未达线虫伤害阈值,线虫不是引起环渤海湾地区苹果连作障碍的主要原因。     

洛川苹果园土壤水分变化特征

全面掌握洛川果园的土壤水分环境特征,不仅可为苹果的园址选择、砧穗组合和改进土壤水分管理措施提供理论依据,而且对我国苹果产区果园提质增效具有借鉴价值.采用定点土壤水分连续监测法,对洛川苹果园的总体土壤水分环境以及不同生长年限、不同立地类型和乔、矮化果园的土壤水分分异特征进行分析.结果表明： 苹果树根际区 (0～200 cm)土壤水分普遍亏欠,且0～60 cm土层的水分亏欠小于60～200 cm土层;生长季0～60 cm土层贮水量与降水量的变化一致,土壤相对含水量大多<60%,季节性旱象严重;果园剖面土壤含水量变异系数随土壤深度加深而递减;随果园生长年限的增大,土壤剖面贮水量下降;在栽培密度一致的条件下,矮化果园5 m土层土壤含水量均高于乔化果园,而栽培密度大的矮化果园的土壤贮水量低于栽培密度小的乔化果园;塬地成龄果园的土壤水分含量最高,川地次之,台地相对较低.密度对果园土壤水分含量有很大影响,在栽培密度一致的条件下,采用矮化栽培能减少土壤水分消耗,显著提高果园土壤含水量;挖株降低栽培密度是维持苹果园土壤水分平衡、实现可持续发展的有效途径.     

甘肃陇东旱塬不同树龄苹果园矿质氮的分布和积累特征

对甘肃陇东地区不同树龄苹果园土壤矿质氮的分布和积累特征进行了研究.结果表明：土壤铵态氮含量随着苹果树龄的增大呈上升趋势,2～3年生、5年生、10年生、15年生、20年生、22年生果园0～120 cm土层铵态氮含量分别为3.3、5.8、6.5、9.1、12.1和15.3 mg·kg^-1;不同树龄果园0～60 cm土层铵态氮含量大于60～120 cm土层.不同树龄果园硝态氮含量在0～40 cm土层相对较低,随土层深度增加,其含量迅速增加;随着种植年限增加,不同苹果园硝态氮累积量也呈显著增加趋势,22年生果园0～120 cm土层硝态氮累积量达到2602.5 kg·hm^-2.旱塬苹果园表现为土壤铵态氮呈浅层积累、而硝态氮呈深层积累的特征.     

The impact of cover crop shoot decomposition on soil microorganisms in an apple orchard in northeast China

Mowing can facilitate the incorporation of cover crop shoots into soil and improve the properties of soils in apple orchards. This article evaluated how apple orchard soil responds to the decomposition of the shoot residues of three cover crops[native mixed herbs (NMS), red clover (RCS), and ryegrass (RES)] in terms of microbial metabolism and biomass, and discussed the relationships between microbial responses and shoot chemistry. The chemical composition of shoots was analysed and a buried bag experiment was carried out to simulate shoot decomposition in an apple orchard. The results revealed significant differences in the chemical compositions and shoot C:N ratios (NMS: 10.9, RCS: 19.1, and RES: 12.9) of the three cover crops. The decomposition of the cover crop shoots promoted microbial metabolism and boosted soil bacterial reproduction (increase in the biomass indicator muramic acid: 19.44, 124.15, and 14.83 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. But there are different types of effects on soil fungal reproduction (change in the biomass indicator glucosamine: 712.51, 887.45, and 103.97 mg kg⁻¹), and they are obviously negative, significantly positive, and non-significant respectively. Thus, the native mixed herbs and red clover are preferable swards for better shoot enhancement in apple orchard.