桔全爪螨与柑桔相互作用的研究

研究了不同柑桔品种对桔全爪螨Ｐａｎｏｎｙｃｈｕｓｃｉｔｒｉ（ＭｃＧ）种群的影响,桔全爪螨危害对柑桔生理的影响以及柑桔叶片受受后对桔全爪螨种群的反馈作用,结果表明：供试的１０个柑桔品种对桔全爪螨种群生长发育,繁殖时明显的影响,品种间存在感螨性差异。     

食螨瓢虫自然种群基地建立的研究

腹管食螨瓢虫Stethorus siphonulus Kapur是福建省柑桔全爪蠕(红蜘蛛)Panonychus eitri MeGregor的优势种天敌,控制作用显．已在我省柑桔产区大面积应用成功。为了使柑桔全爪蠕生物防治持续发展,古螨瓢虫自然种群基地的建立至关重要．本将多年来在闽清白中柑桔场、福建农业大学金山柑桔园、福州北郊峙头柑桔场、长泰柑桔园等地进行食螨瓢虫自然种群基地建立的研究,进行总结报道。     

纽氏钝绥螨、尼氏钝绥螨及其猎物—桔全爪螨生态学特性的比较研究

本文从天敌与猎物的种群内禀增长力,天敌对猎物不同密度的功能反应及数值反应三个方面来评价和比较纽氏钝绥螨、尼氏钝绥螨时其猎物——枯全爪螨的控制作用。在五种温度下,两种捕食螨的种群内禀增长力都大于桔全爪螨。它们对猎物的功能反应属HollingⅡ型。尼氏钝绥螨的捕食量大于纽氏钝绥螨,在25℃时两种捕食螨捕食量最大,应用Rogers的模型能较好地对试验结果进行模拟。尼氏钝绥螨对桔全爪不同虫态的取食不存在选择效应,纽氏钝绥螨则嗜食若螨和幼螨。两种捕食螨对桔全爪螨的数值反应表明,仅供给桔全爪螨雌成螨作为食物,对两种捕食螨都不利,尤其对尼氏钝绥螨更为明显。综上所述,两种捕食螨能比较有效地控制桔全爪螨种群,当猎物密度较高时,尼氏钝绥螨控制效果优于纽氏钝绥螨,但纽氏钝绥螨控制效果优于纽氏钝绥螨,但纽氏钝绥螨田间种群数量比尼氏钝绥螨稳定。柑桔园中存在其它补充食物时对这两种捕食敌有利。     

柑橘全爪螨种群空间格局的地学统计学分析

应用地学统计学方法分析了柑橘园主要害螨柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri（McGregor）种群的空间格局及其动态。结果表明,柑橘全爪螨种群具有空间相关性,变程介于1．10～21．0m,其半变异函数主要符合高斯模型,表现为聚集分布,其中3月、8月和9月的聚集强度较大;种群空间格局动态显示,4月、10月为该种群的两个发生高峰期,柑橘全爪螨种群数量快速上升扩散。地学统计学方法能够应用于柑橘全爪螨种群的空间格局分析,并有助于对该害螨进行发生预测与控制处理。     

香橼柠檬捕食螨和叶螨发生动态初报

【目的】为了明确香橼柠檬园中,捕食螨及叶螨发生动态,明确天敌捕食螨对叶螨的自然控制作用。【方法】定期定点,在果园中采用振落法统计捕食螨和叶螨数量;田间采集叶片室内统计柑橘瘿螨数量;盘拍后采集捕食螨标本,室内玻片鉴定捕食螨种类。【结果】在不使用化学杀螨剂的香橼柠檬园中,植绥螨科种类是香橼柠檬树上天敌捕食螨中的优势种类;植绥螨科中的优势种类是纽氏肩绥螨Scapulaseius newsami;纽氏肩绥螨种群在田间可以保持稳定的增长;镰螯螨科种群受环境影响较大,种群数量变化趋势和柑橘瘿螨Phyllocoptes oleiverus相似。【结论】在不使用化学杀螨剂的香橼柠檬园中,捕食螨种类丰富,自然天敌可以有效的发挥对柑橘全爪螨Panonchus citri的控制作用。     

竹缺爪螨生态学初步研究

本报道严重危害毛竹生长和害螨－－竹缺爪螨在不同温度下生长,发育历期以及在竹林间种群动态。结果表明：在20－35℃范围内随着温度升高其发育历期缩短,温度与发育历期呈直线回归关系：Y全代＝651573-1.6250X（=-0.98);光照是影响竹缺爪螨的卵,幼螨存活及成螨产卵量的重要因素。在竹林间,毛竹换叶,降雨量,天敌数量是影响竹缺爪螨种群消长的和重要因素,最后提出综合防治的措施。     

桔园施用有机肥对主要害虫发生的影响

为了通过合理施肥控制柑桔害虫的发生、从而减少喷施防虫农药的次数,本研究在桔园比较了单施有机肥、单施化肥的柑桔树上柑桔木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama、柑桔全爪螨Panonychus citri McGregor、柑桔潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton等主要害虫的发生数量。结果表明,单施有机肥柑桔木虱、柑桔全爪螨发生数量显著低于常规施用化肥的施肥方法,柑桔潜叶蛾的为害没有显著变化,柑桔长势、果实可溶性固形物也没有显著改变。说明施用有机肥可以减少柑桔木虱和柑桔全爪螨的发生,而对柑桔树的长势、果品质量没有不利影响。     

尼氏钝绥螨对柑桔始叶螨捕食作用研究

尼氏钝梁螨AmblyseiusnicholsiEharaetLee是贵州省桔园叶螨天敌优势种,对抑制叶螨种群有一定作用。关于保护利用该螨综合防治柑桔全爪螨已有报道[1,2],但对柑桔上男一重要叶螨──柑桔始叶螨的捕食作用、控制能力等方面报道较少。本文研究了尼氏纯绥螨对柑桔给叶螨捕食作用,为柑桔始叶螨综合治理提供理论依据。王材料和方法1．1虫源：尼氏钝绥做雄成螨和柑桔始叶绒成螨采自桔园。卵、幼螨、若螨均在室内饲养而得。1．2反应皿设置：在直径为12cm的培养皿内置一层浸水的泡沫,上面平铺1张滤纸,其上放1张平展的柑桔叶片,叶片四周用浸过…     

丘陵地柑桔园利用钝绥螨防治桔全爪螨研究初报

农作物害螨的重要天敌——植绥螨类最适宜的生存条件是大气相对湿度较大,日照时数短和丰富的交替食料。广东柑桔面积大部分分布在丘陵及平原地带。柑桔园的大气相对湿度一般较小,日照长,周围植被单一。这样的生态特点有利于桔全爪螨Panonychus citri的发生而不利于植绥螨类种群的建立。因此,研究此类地区柑桔园的气候和食料对植绥螨类种群的影响和探讨利用植绥螨的可行途径是富有生产实     

植绥螨在桔树、藿香蓟和假臭草上的时空分布

【目的】植绥螨是柑桔园的重要天敌。桔园杂草假臭草常被误认为藿香蓟而被保留或种植,但其在维持植绥螨上的生态功能是否与藿香蓟相似,尚无报道。了解植绥螨在桔树和藿香蓟、假臭草上的时空分布,可为筛选果园杂草及其它合理保护和增殖桔园植绥螨措施提供参考。【方法】本文采用常规摘叶法调查植绥螨和柑桔全爪螨Panonychuscitri(McGregor)在桔树上的时空分布,以及采用整株取样法调查附近藿香蓟和假臭草上的植绥螨种群。【结果】发现植绥螨在桔树树冠外层的种群密度在夜晚23:30较高,而柑桔全爪螨正好相反,在白天15:30密度更高。在白天藿香蓟上的植绥螨显著多于假臭草上的,在夜晚两种草上的植绥螨无显著差异。植绥螨在白天多栖息于藿香蓟上,晚上则从藿香蓟转出至外面。【结论】藿香蓟对广谱性捕食螨天敌冲绳钝绥螨Amblyseius okinawanus增殖作用明显,建议果园留种藿香蓟;选择在桔树树冠外层植绥螨分布较少而全爪螨分布较多的白天时间段喷施安全性较高的农药,可以较好地达到控制全爪螨又保护捕食螨的效果。     

模糊数学在生态学中的应用研究——Ⅰ.桔全爪螨种群动态中的模糊聚类分析

一、引言 任何一个生态系统都是极其复杂的。在系统中,生命的和非生命的环境诸因子之间,形成一个十分复杂的网络结构。在生态学的研究中,存在着许多不确定性事件。一类是带有随机性的,对此类事件,生态学者们运用概率论及数理统计方法,卓有成效地进行了大量的探索。另一类不确定性是由模糊性(Fuzziness)引起的,这类事物的发生与否没有截然分明的界限,在绝对的符合与不符合之间,存在着许多中间状态。研究越是深入,系统的复杂性越     

Seasonal occurrence of key arthropod pests and associated natural enemies in Alabama Satsuma citrus

Six Alabama Satsuma mandarin orchards (four conventionally sprayed and two unsprayed) were surveyed during 2005 and 2006 to determine the population dynamics of arthropod pests and their natural enemies. Twenty-eight arthropod pest species were encountered; the major foliage pests were citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead); purple scale, Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman); Glover scale, L. gloveri (Packard); and citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor). Two distinct population peaks were recorded for citrus whitefly at most locations. The most important direct sources of citrus whitefly mortality were parasitism by Encarsia lahorensis (Howard) and infection by the pathogenic fungus, Aschersonia aleyrodis Webber. In general, all stages of both scale insects (purple scale and Glover scale) were present in the orchards year-round, indicative of overlapping generations; however, the highest densities were recorded during the early season. Citrus whitefly, purple scale, and Glover scale were more abundant on leaves collected from the interior of the tree canopy than in the exterior canopy. Citrus red mite densities were highest in the spring, with populations declining at the start of the summer, and were more abundant in the exterior canopy than in the interior canopy. The most important natural enemies of citrus red mite were predatory mites belonging to several families, of which Typhlodromalus peregrinus Muma (Phytoseiidae) was the predominant species. Major differences were recorded in the relative abundance of different arthropod pest species in the orchards: citrus whitefly, purple scale, and Glover scale predominated in the unsprayed orchards, whereas citrus red mite infestations were more severe in the sprayed orchards. The results are discussed in relation to the possible effect of orchard management practices on abundance of the major pests.     

不同柑桔品种上桔全爪螨的生长和种群动态差异

通过田间调查、室内盆栽苗接螨、离体叶片饲养等方法,考察了14个柑桔品种上桔全爪螨种群动态,组建了其实验种群生命表,结果表明：该螨在各柑桔品种上的种群密度有明显差异,平均密度以北碚447、台湾晚白柚和垫江白柚上较高,柑新生系最低。雌成螨寿命在台湾晚白柚上最长,垫江白柚次之,柑新生系最短;产卵量以取食台湾晚白柚时最多,垫江白柚、五步红心柚次之,以柑新生系最少;在垫江白柚上的内禀增长率（r_m）最大,沙田柚、台湾晚白柚次之,金弹最小。根据桔全爪螨实验种群的参数判断,金弹和柑新生系属抗螨品种,台湾晚白柚、垫江白柚和北碚447是感螨品种。从品种归类上来看,柚类品种和甜橙中的北碚447感螨程度较高,金柑属的金弹和宽皮柑桔类的柑新生系感螨程度较低。甜橙类与宽皮柑桔类比较,前者感螨程度较高,后者相对较低,但宽皮柑桔类的早津感螨程度相对较高。     

New mite invasions in citrus in the early years of the 21st century

Several mite species commonly attack cultivated citrus around the world. Up to 104 phytophagous species have been reported causing damage to leaves, buds and fruits, but only a dozen can be considered major pests requiring control measures. In recent years, several species have expanded their geographical range primarily due to the great increase in trade and travel worldwide, representing a threat to agriculture in many countries. Three spider mite species (Acari: Tetranychidae) have recently invaded the citrus-growing areas in the Mediterranean region and Latin America. The Oriental red mite, Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein), presumably from the Near East, was detected in southern Spain in 2001. The Texas citrus mite, Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor), is widely distributed in North, Central and South America. It was first reported in Europe in 1999 on citrus in Portugal; afterwards the mite invaded the citrus orchards in southern Spain. In Latin America, the Hindustan citrus mite, Schizotetranychus hindustanicus (Hirst), previously known only from citrus and other host plants in India, was reported causing significant damage to citrus leaves and fruits in Zulia, northwest Venezuela, in the late 1990s. Later, this mite species spread to the southeast being detected on lemon trees in the state of Roraima in northern Brazil in 2008. Whereas damage levels, population dynamics and control measures are relatively well know in the case of Oriental red mite and Texas citrus mite, our knowledge of S. hindustanicus is noticeably scant. In the present paper, information on pest status, seasonal trends and natural enemies in invaded areas is provided for these species, together with morphological data useful for identification. Because invasive species may evolve during the invasion process, comparison of behavior, damage and management options between native and invaded areas for these species will be useful for understanding the invader’s success and their ability to colonize new regions.     

SEASONAL PERFORMANCE AFFECTING POPULATION DYNAMICS OF CITRUS RED MITE, FANONYCHUS CITRI (MCGREGOR) (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE), ON PEAR

Abstract The population of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), does not increase on pear from spring to mid-summer but thereafter increases abruptly. To elucidate this phenomenon, we compared the performance of the mites on pear leaves with that on citrus leaves, at different time throughout the pear-growing season. No significant difference was detected between the oviposition rate on pear and that on citrus throughout the season. However, the survival rate of ovipositing females that had fed on pear and the hatch rate of eggs laid by those females were significantly lower than those for females that had fed on citrus, until August. However, no significant difference was observed thereafter. The results showed that the decline of the population of citrus red mite before autumn is due to the high mortality of adult females that had fed on pear leaves and the low hatch rate of the eggs produced by those females.     

不同杀菌剂对柑桔红蜘蛛生物学特性的影响

本研究报道柑桔园5种常用杀菌剂。在田间使用浓度下。对柑桔红蜘蛛Panonychus cltrl生物学特性的影响．在25±1℃．相对湿度75±5％,光照周期14L：10D的条件下,70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂1500倍液、80％代森锌可湿性粉剂800倍液、50％多苗灵可湿性粉剂800倍液．20％叶青双可湿性粉剂800倍液和0．5％等量式渡尔多液。对柑桔红蜘蛛各螨态历期、雌雄成螨寿命和雌成螨产卵量没有影响．仅70％甲基托布津1500倍液和50％多菌灵800倍液会降低柑桔红蜘蛛卵的孵化率,比对照卵孵化率91.0％分别减少了27．7％和24．3％．     

柑桔全爪螨（蜱螨亚纲：叶螨科）在梨树上季节性发生影响种群动态

柑桔全爪螨为害梨树时春夏种群密度极低但随后却突然爆发,形成一年之中只有秋季一个高峰期之发生规律,这与其在柑桔上一年之中两个发生高峰期的发生特点形成鲜明对照。为阐明柑桔全爪螨在梨树直的这种季节消长规律之成因,本采用对比研究方法分析研究了该螨在梨叶和柑桔叶一年之中的产卵率,成活率以及卵的孵化率等生态学习性。结果表明产卵率在梨叶与柑桔叶之间全年均无显差异;然而其在梨叶上的成活率以及卵的孵化率在八月之产明显低于其在柑桔叶上之值,且差异显或极显,但八月之后以上各项指标在梨叶和柑桔叶上均无显差异。