辣椒胞质雄性不育系和保持系内源激素含量的比较

以2个辣椒品系(199807、199803)的胞质雄性不育系和相应保持系为实验材料,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定IAA、(Z ZR)、GA3和ABA等内源激素含量,用气相色谱分析仪测定乙烯(ETH)释放量,对辣椒胞质雄性不育系和相应保持系内源激素含量变化规律进行研究.实验结果表明:在四分小孢子之前,花药中的IAA含量不育系显著高于保持系,在四分小孢子时期花药和花蕾中的IAA含量出现转折,到花粉粒成熟期的花蕾和花药以及开花期叶片中的IAA含量均是不育系显著低于保持系;小孢子各发育时期花药以及花期叶片中GA3含量均是不育系高于保持系,但花粉粒成熟期化蕾中GA3含量为不育系低于保持系;小孢子不同发育时期的花药以及花期叶片中ABA含量始终足不育系显著高于保持系,而花粉粒成熟期花蕾中ABA含量不育系与保持系没有显著差异;花粉粒成熟期的花蕾和花期叶片中ETH释放量表现为不育系显著高于保持系.同时,花粉粒成熟期的花蕾、花药和叶片中IAA/ABA、(Z ZR)/ABA、GA3/ABA、IAA/GA3、(Z ZR)/GA3等5个激素的比值均有不育系低于保持系的趋势.本实验结果说明辣椒的育性表现与花器和叶片等组织中内源激素的含量变化有关,花药和花期叶片中IAA亏缺、GA3和ABA增加以及化蕾和叶片中ETH过度产生,都有可能导致辣椒雄性不育.     

茄子雄性不育系花蕾内源激素研究

利用间接酶联免疫测定技术研究2对茄子雄性不育系及保持系不同发育阶段花蕾中IAA、GA3、ABA及ZR含量动态变化。结果表明：IAA、GA3、ABA含量变化表现为不育系高于保持系,ZR含量变化则为保持系高于不育系,在2个不育系间及2个保持系间各激素变化趋势也有所不同。     

茄子雄性不育系与保持系生理生化特性比较分析

以赤茄(Solanum integrifolium)和栽培品种远缘杂交选育得到的核质互作型雄性不育系05-506及其保持系05-507为材料,测定并分析了叶片激素、叶绿素、游离总氨基酸、可溶性糖含量及光合特性.结果表明,茄子不育系苗期叶片中IAA和GA3含量低于保持系,ZR含量高于保持系,ABA/(IAA+ZR+GA3)比值约为保持系的1.3倍;不育系叶绿素含量幼苗期低于保持系,盛花期和保持系相近,结果期高于保持系;可溶性糖和游离总氨基酸含量高低随光合速率的变化而变化,幼苗期C/N比值低,盛花期C/N比值增大,碳水化合物代谢加强,结果期C/N比值下降,但不育系下降幅度较保持系少.不育系与保持系的Pn日变化均呈双峰曲线,即有光合"午休"现象;Pn值顺序不育系为幼苗期<盛花期<结果期,保持系为幼苗期<结果期<盛花期;不育系在营养生长和生殖生长时期的光饱和点均高于保持系,光补偿点在幼苗期和盛花期高于保持系,但结果期比保持系低.     

茄子雄性不育系与保持系生理生化特性比较分析

以赤茄（Solanum integrifolium）和栽培品种远缘杂交选育得到的核质互作型雄性不育系05-506及其保持系05-507为材料,测定并分析了叶片激素、叶绿素、游离总氨基酸、可溶性糖含量及光合特性。结果表明,茄子不育系苗期叶片中IAA和GA3含量低于保持系,ZR含量高于保持系,ABA／（IAA＋ZR＋GA3）比值约为保持系的1.3倍;不育系叶绿素含量幼苗期低于保持系,盛花期和保持系相近,结果期高于保持系;可溶性糖和游离总氨基酸含量高低随光合速率的变化而变化．幼苗期C／N比值低,盛花期C／N比值增大,碳水化合物代谢加强,结果期C／N比值下降,但不育系下降幅度较保持系少。不育系与保持系的Pn日变化均呈双峰曲线,即有光合“午休”现象;Pn值顺序不育系为幼苗期＜盛花期＜结果期,保持系为幼苗期＜结果期＜盛花期;不育系在营养生长和生殖生长时期的光饱和点均高于保持系,光补偿点在幼苗期和盛花期高于保持系,但结果期比保持系低。     

棉花洞A型核雄性不育系花药败育过程中的生化变化

研究了陆地棉洞A型核雄性不育系(抗A1,MA)不育和可育花药不同发育时期可溶性碳水化合物、游离氨基酸和IAA、GA3、ABA含量的动态变化。结果表明,不育花药中可溶性糖含量偏高,缺乏淀粉积累;有4种游离氨基酸含量在可育与不育花药问存在显著差异,其中不育花药天门冬氨酸含量偏高,这可能是其败育的原因之一,而脯氨酸、精氨酸、苯丙氨酸含量异常,则是不育花药败育的结果;在花药主要败育时期之前,不育花药中ABA含量极显著偏高,IAA、GA3含量极显著偏低。不育花药中IAA、GA3、ABA含量变化与洞A型核雄性不育系花药败育密切相关。     

甘蓝胞质雄性不育系及其保持系花药和叶片生化特性分析

对甘蓝胞质雄性不育系CMS158及其保持系花药激素、游离氨基酸和叶片叶绿素含量进行了比较研究。结果表明,不育系花药KT和IAA含量极显著低于保持系,GA含量不育系和保持系没有显著差异。游离氨基酸总量不育系花药极显著高于保持系,脯氨酸和胱氨酸含量不育系花药极显著低于保持系,赖氨酸含量两系无明显差异,苏氨酸在两系中均未检出,其余氨基酸含量均是不育系花药高于保持系;不育系花药中丝氨酸含量最高,保持系花药中脯氨酸含量最高,两系中天冬氨酸和脯氨酸含量的差异最大。叶片叶绿素含量不育系和保持系无显著差异。     

水稻细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系幼穗发育过程中内源激素的变化

利用酶联免疫测定技术研究了水稻细胞质雄性不育系珍汕97A及其保持系珍汕97B在幼穗发育过程中叶片、幼穗和花药中内源IAA、GA1＋4、ABA和iPAs含量的动态变化。结果表明,1）从幼穗发育的雌雄蕊形成期到三核花粉期,保持系叶片中IAA水平高于不育系,并在二核花粉期最高;在幼穗和花药中也以保持系为高。2）保持系与不育系叶片中GA1＋4含量变化趋势相似,均为先升后降,但从单核到三核花粉期以保持系为高;在幼穗和花药中也都以保持系为高。3）不育系叶片中ABA水平在幼穗发育早期明显高于保持系,中期与保持系相近,后期又高于保持系;在幼穗和花药中也都以不育系为高。4）保持系叶片、幼穗和花药中iPAs含量始终显著高于不育系。5）保持系叶片中IAA＋GA1＋4＋iPAs与ABA之比值也始终高于不育系。提示不育系叶片、幼穗和花药中IAA、GA1＋4、iPAs和ABA含量出现了异常,且IAA、GA1＋4和iPAs亏缺以及ABA盈积可能与水稻细胞质雄性不育发生有关。     

百合育性与花药发育过程中激素和内源物质含量及能量代谢酶活性的关系

为揭示百合雄性不育发生与其花药内源激素含量、几种内源物质含量和能量代谢酶活性变化的关系,该研究利用高效液相色谱法、串联质谱法和比色法,测定了可育系和不育系花药发育关键时期的激素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛、脯氨酸含量和COD及ATP能量代谢酶活性,分析激素含量、各激素间比值、内源物质含量和能量代谢酶活性对百合雄性不育的影响。结果表明:(1)在百合花药造孢细胞期到四分体期,花药内源激素含量、内源物质含量及能量代谢酶活性变化在不育系与可育系间均存在差异。其中,不育系花药的生长素(IAA)含量在发育的各阶段均高于可育系;ZR和GA4含量在花粉母细胞期不育系与可育系相差不大,但到四分体期不育系中的含量低于可育系;ABA含量在不育系四分体期出现盈积;JA含量在不育系的花粉母细胞期低于可育系,而在四分体期高于可育系。(2)花药内源物质中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量表现为可育系均高于不育系,但不育系的丙二醛含量在四分体期显著高于可育系。(3)COD和ATP能量代谢酶活性在花药发育的各阶段均是可育系高于不育系。研究认为,在百合不育系花药发育关键时期(花粉母细胞期到四分体期),其IAA含量增加,ABA水平提高,GA4和ZR含量降低,影响了花药内源物质和能量的正常代谢,这可能是导致百合花药中花粉发育受阻、形成败育的原因。     

不同倍性不结球白菜Pol CMS及保持系生理生化特性比较

对二、四倍体不结球白菜Pol CMS及其保持系花蕾和薹叶进行生理生化特性比较分析,结果表明:不育系花蕾中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量均显著低于保持系,且各指标在不育系中四倍体低于二倍体,而在保持系中则四倍体高于二倍体;不育系MDA含量,POD、SOD、CAT活性均高于保持系,不育系中四倍体均高于二倍体.而保持系中四倍体均低于二倍体;薹叶中MDA含量,POD、SOD、CAT活性均为不育系高于保持系,不育系中四倍体高于二倍体;POD、EST同工酶显示不育系与保持系间均具特异酶带,但不同倍性间并无差异.     

甜菜胞质雄性不育系及其保持系营养生长期末端氧化酶和ATP酶活性比较分析

以甜菜胞质雄性不育系212A、2033A、2034A及其相应保持系212B、2033B、2034B为材料,对营养生长期4个阶段叶片的细胞色素氧化酶(COD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及ATP酶的活性进行分析比较,以探讨甜菜胞质雄性不育与能量代谢的关系.结果显示:(1)在甜菜营养生长期的4个阶段,不育系的COD活性均显著低于其保持系,表明不育系的呼吸强度和产生的能量均低于其保持系;(2)不育系ATP酶活性低于保持系,但差异不显著,且不育系和保持系的ATP酶活性随生长进程变化平缓,说明在营养生长期二者对能量的消耗接近;(3)POD和CAT的活性在营养生长期总体为不育系显著高于其保持系,说明不育系体内H2O2含量增加.研究认为,营养生长期能量亏缺是甜菜胞质雄性不育的主要原因之一.     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Comparison of BMI and percentage of body fat of Indian and German children and adolescents

Today, serious health problems as overweight and obesity are not just constricted to the developed world, but also increase in the developing countries (Prentice 2006, Ramachandram et al. 2002). Focusing on this issue, BMI and percentage of body fat were compared in 2094 schoolchildren from two cross-sectional studies from India and Germany investigated in 2008 and 2009. The German children are in all age groups significantly taller, whereas the Indian children show higher values in BMI (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 22 kg/m2; German: around 19 kg/m2) and in the percentage of body fat (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 27%; German: around 18-20%) in most of the investigated age groups. The Indian children have significantly higher BMI between 10 and 13 (boys) respectively 14 years (girls). Indian children showed significant higher percentage of body fat between 10 and 15 years (boys) and between 8 and 16 years (girls). The difference in overweight between Indian and German children was strongest at 11 (boys) and 12 (girls) years: 70% of the Indian but 20% of the German children were classified as overweight. In countries such as India that undergo nutritional transition, a rapid increase in obesity and overweight is observed. In contrast to the industrialized countries, the risk of overweight in developing countries is associated with high socioeconomic status. Other reasons of the rapid increase of overweight in the developing countries caused by different environmental or genetic factors are discussed.     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

The synthesis and evaluation of flavone and isoflavone chimeras of novobiocin and derrubone

The natural products novobiocin and derrubone have both demonstrated Hsp90 inhibition and structure–activity relationships have been established for each scaffold. Given these compounds share several key structural features, we hypothesized that incorporation of elements from each could provide insight to structural features important for Hsp90 inhibition. Thus, chimeric analogues of novobiocin and derrubone were constructed and evaluated. These studies confirmed that the functionality present at the 3-position of the isoflavone plays a critical role in determining Hsp90 inhibition and suggests that the bicyclic ring system present in both novobiocin and derrubone do not share similar modes of binding.