大气CO_2浓度升高对稻田土壤溶液中阴离子浓度的影响

利用中国稻/麦轮作FACE(Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment)试验平台,研究了大气CO2浓度升高对稻季各生育期耕层土壤溶液中Cl-、CO32-、HCO3-、SO42-、NO3-和溶解无机磷(DIP)等阴离子浓度的影响,探讨了稻田生态系统土壤元素地球化学循环对大气CO2浓度升高的响应。结果表明:大气CO2浓度升高降低了土壤溶液SO42-浓度,提高了HCO3-浓度,与5cm处相比,其在15cm处的影响程度更大;大气CO2浓度升高有增加土壤溶液NO3-和溶解无机磷(DIP)的趋势;对CO32-和Cl-未表现出明显的规律性影响。文章还分析了大气CO2浓度升高对土壤溶液阴离子浓度产生影响的可能机理。     

大气CO2浓度升高对稻田土壤氮素的影响

利用中国稻/麦轮作FACE(Free-Air Carbon-Dioxide Enrichment)试验平台,研究大气CO2浓度升高200μmol·mol-1(周围大气中CO2浓度约370 μmol·mol-1)对稻季各生育期不同深度土壤溶液NH+4-N和NO-3-N浓度的影响.结果表明:高CO2浓度条件下耕层土壤溶液NH+4-N浓度在水稻生育前期有所增加,但在生育后期明显下降;大气CO2浓度升高增加了稻季5、15、30、60和90 cm处土壤溶液NO-3-N浓度,分别比对照平均提高了46.5%、36.8%、23.3%、103.7%和42.7%,在60和90 cm处差异分别达到统计上的极显著和显著水平.     

大气CO2浓度升高对稻田土壤氮素的影响

利用中国稻/麦轮作FACE(Free-Air Carbon=Dioxide Enrichment)试验平台,研究大气CO₂浓度升高200 μmol·mol^-1(周围大气中CO₂浓度约370 μmol·mol^-1)对稻季各生育期不同深度土壤溶液NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N浓度的影响.结果表明：高CO2浓度条件下耕层土壤溶液NH₄⁺-N浓度在水稻生育前期有所增加,但在生育后期明显下降;大气CO₂浓度升高增加了稻季5、15、30、60和90 cm处土壤溶液NO₃^--N浓度,分别比对照平均提高了46.5%、36.8%、23.3%、103.7%和42.7%,在60和90 cm处差异分别达到统计上的极显著和显著水平.     

酸雨胁迫下樟树林降水中无机阴离子变化特征

对城市大气降水及城市樟树林穿透水、树干茎流、地表径流中的SO2-4、NO-3、Cl-、NO-2、F-、Br-、PO3-47种水溶性无机阴离子进行了定位测定,Br-、PO3-4未检出;主要的阴离子为SO2-4、NO-3,二者占总阴离子含量比例最大,占到75.6%—89.0%,且在水文学各分量中变异系数均值都很稳定,变动幅度在0.40—0.47;在各分量中SO2-4、NO-3、Cl-、NO-2、F-含量变化较大:大气降水、树干茎流中均为SO2-4NO-3Cl-F-NO-2,穿透水为SO2-4NO-3Cl-NO-2F-,地表径流为NO-3SO2-4Cl-F-NO-2;穿透水SO2-4、NO-3、Cl-、F-、NO-2淋溶系数分别为3.83、2.61、4.18、4.32、16.06,树干茎流SO2-4、NO-3、Cl-、F-、NO-2淋溶系数分别为7.52、3.55、4.29、2.76、3.10,地表径流SO2-4、NO-3、Cl-、F-、NO-2淋溶系数分别为2.60、4.74、5.00、3.01、3.56,表明阴离子在樟树林水文学过程中均表现出不同程度的富集效应;大气降水中PH均值为4.77,SO2-4/NO-3当量比值为1.1,属于硫酸-硝酸混合型酸雨;大气降水SO2-4、NO-3、Cl-、F-与穿透水中SO2-4、NO-3、Cl-、F-对应呈显著性正相关(P0.01),大气降水NO-3与树干茎流NO-3呈显著性正相关(P0.01),地表径流中SO2-4、Cl-与穿透水、树干茎流中SO2-4、Cl-对应呈显著性正相关(P0.01),说明樟树林能够吸附大气中的酸性物,让酸性养分于自身系统内部吸收、迁移、络合,从而起到净化大气的效用;穿透水p H与地表径流NO-3、NO-2呈显著性负相关(P0.01),与地表径流SO2-4呈显著性正相关(P0.05),表明NO-3、NO-2有助于促进地表水的酸化,而SO2-4有利于缓解地表水的酸化;穿透水p H均值5.62,对酸雨起到中和作用,树干茎流p H均值4.61,有被酸化趋势,地表径流p H均值7.19,接近中性。     

不同CO2浓度下培养的蛋白核小球藻细胞结构的变化

大气 CO2 浓度升高已成为全球关注的一大热点问题 ,CO2 浓度升高对陆生植物影响已有广泛的研究[1] 。但水生植物由于水体中无机碳主要以CO2 -3 、HCO-3 和 CO2 的形式存在 ,所以对大气 CO2浓度升高的响应较为复杂。已有的有关 CO2 浓度与藻类关系的研究主要侧重于高浓度 CO2 对其生理学特性的影响 ,如 :当单细胞绿藻生活在高浓度 CO2( 5 % )的环境中时 ,细胞对 CO2 的亲和力明显降低 ,CO2 补偿点升高 ,碳酸酐酶的活性降低 ,细胞亚显微结构也伴随着明显变化 [2 ,3 ]。但以上的研究均采用很高的 CO2 浓度 (一般为 5 % ) ,而在现实的…     

水华鱼腥藻生长与光合作用对大气CO2浓度升高的响应

 为了探讨大气CO2浓度升高对水华藻类的影响,利用水华鱼腥藻(Anabena flos_aquae)作为实验材料,研究了大气CO2浓度加倍对其生长和光合作用的影响,结果显示大气CO2浓度升高导致水华鱼腥藻的生物量、光饱和光合速率、光合效率和光系统II的光化学效率（Fv/Fm）明显提高,但对暗呼吸速率和光饱和点没有明显影响。CO2加倍条件下藻细胞光合作用对无机碳的亲和力降低,表明其利用HCO-3的能力受到抑制。     

在交换吸附的过程中,根细胞附近的土壤溶液中的阳离子和阴离子减少

问 :现行高级中学《生物》(必修 )教材第 57页最后两行“在交换吸附的过程中 ,根细胞附近的土壤溶液中的阳离子和阴离子减少了……”为什么会如此呢 ?答 :根细胞与土壤溶液发生交换吸附时 ,根细胞膜上的 H 交换土壤溶液中的阳离子 ,HCO-3 交换土壤溶液中的阴离子。在土壤溶液中存在如下化学平衡 :H HCO-3 H2 CO3 CO2 H2 O　随着 H 、HCO-3 不断进入土壤溶液 ,平衡向右移动 ,CO2 不断逸出土壤溶液。这样根细胞附近的土壤溶液中的矿质元素离子不断被吸附到根细胞表面 ,通过主动运输进入根细胞内 ;进入土壤溶液中的 H 和 HCO-3 又…     

阴离子对球茎茴香生长和精油含量的影响

分别用 6 0mmol·L-1浓度的HCO-3 、Cl-、SO2 -4复合盐处理定植后的球茎茴香 ,结果Cl-对生长的影响不明显 ,HCO-3 和SO2 -4处理的生长略差些 ,但植株中Na 、Ca2 、Mg2 含量均增加 ,全氮、全磷和K 的含量则都下降。精油含量以Cl-处理的为最高 ,SO2 -4的次之 ,HCO-3 的无变化。Cl-和SO2 -4的精油含量增加主要是烯的增加     

大气CO2浓度增高对麦田土壤硝化和反硝化细菌的影响

硝化和反硝化细菌是土壤中与氮转化有关的微生物菌群 ,大气CO2 浓度升高可能对它们的数量产生影响。位于中国无锡的稻 麦轮作农田生态系统FACE平台 2 0 0 1年 6月开始运行。本试验在 2 0 0 3年小麦生长季研究了土壤 (0～ 5cm和 5～ 10cm土层 )中硝化和反硝化细菌在大气CO2 浓度升高条件下的变化。试验采用最大可能法 (MPN)计这两种微生物菌群的数量。结果表明 ,0～ 5cm土层硝化菌数拔节期和成熟期FACE低于对照 ,而孕穗期FACE高于对照 ,5～ 10cm土层硝化菌数越冬期与成熟期FACE低于对照 ,大气CO2 浓度升高使得麦田土壤硝化细菌数目减少。 0～ 5cm土层各个生长期反硝化菌数FACE与对照均没有明显差异 ,5～ 10cm土层反硝化菌数拔节期FACE低于对照 ,大气CO2 浓度升高对麦田土壤反硝化菌的影响不大。     

大气O_3浓度升高对稻田土壤有效态微量元素的影响

利用中国稻/麦轮作系统O3-FACE(Ozone-Free Air Concentration Enrichment)试验平台,研究大气O3浓度升高(比周围大气高50%)对2009年稻季各生育期不同深度(0-5 cm,5-10 cm和10-15 cm)耕层土壤微量元素有效性的影响。结果表明,大气O3浓度增加对0-15 cm耕层土壤有效性-Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的提高幅度分别为10.0%、8.1%、5.4%、40.3%,其中对Cu的提高幅度达显著水平;不同土壤有效态微量元素在土壤垂直分布规律不同,土壤有效态Fe、Zn含量随土壤深度增加而降低,土壤有效态Mn含量随深度增加而增加,而土壤有效态Cu含量在不同深度土层中基本稳定;大气O3浓度升高对土壤DTPA提取态Fe的提高幅度随土壤深度的增加而增大,而对土壤DTPA提取态Mn、Cu、Zn的提高幅度均随土壤深度的增加而降低;大气O3浓度升高对0-5cm、5-10cm处土壤DTPA-Cu和0-5cm处Mn含量增加幅度分别为13.2%、8.9%和30.2%,且分别达显著和极显著水平。文章指出大气O3浓度升高会对稻田生态系统土壤微量元素地球化学循环产生重要影响,应针对不同层次土壤有效态微量元素含量情况,从土壤性质和水稻生长两个方面进一步明确其影响机制。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.