乳杆菌对数生长期培养基滤液核酸组分分析

目的通过对乳杆菌对数生长期培养基滤液中核酸组分的分析,阐明乳杆菌DM9811对数生长期培养基滤液中核酸的性质。方法应用核酸的分离、纯化及电泳分析技术。结果乳杆菌对数生长期培养基滤液中核酸组分为RNA,其片段大小为100 bp左右。乳杆菌对数生长期培养基滤液中核酸组分为RNA,为对数期产生且呈时间依赖关系。结论核酸组分不仅仅是遗传信息的载体,还可能作为有效的信息分子。     

双歧杆菌培养滤液中核酸的提取及对肠癌细胞cAMP,cGMP的影响

实验观察了对数期长双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌培养滤液中提取的总核酸对肠癌细胞ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ的影响。结果发现,双歧杆菌培养中滤液中存在大量核酸,将双歧杆菌培养滤中的核提取纯化作用于大肠癌细胞ＣＣＬ１８７,ｃＡＭＰ增高,ＣＧＭＰ没有变化,提示核酸可能作为细胞膜外的第一信使物质腺苷环化酶活性。     

荧光原位杂交法检测双歧杆菌

检验荧光原位杂交法在双歧杆菌属鉴定方面的调途。方法：采用对数生长期的８株双歧杆菌和１０析其他厌氧、需氧杆菌在相同的条件下分别与双歧杆菌属特异性１６ＳｒＲＮＡ寡核苷酸基因探针和细菌界通用１６ＳｒＲＮＡ寡核苷酸基因探针在载玻片上进行原位杂交,在荧光显微镜下观察杂交结果,拍摄同一视野的荧光显微镜照片和相关显微镜照片,计算杂交率。结果所用的双歧杆菌菌株均与两种基因探针杂交,在荧光显微镜下发校菌与黑暗背景对     

青春双歧杆菌口嚼片生产中双歧杆菌存活因素初探

对生产双歧杆菌口嚼片过程中影响双歧杆菌存活的部分因素进行了研究,考察菌龄、干燥制剂的配料中辅应剂成分、水分含量等影响双歧杆菌稳定性的因素。结果表明,配料中一定比例的棕榈油、乙基纤维等疏水性填充剂具有保护与稳定双歧杆菌存活的作用,在双歧杆菌发酵液中,采用对数生长末期的细胞制备的干燥粉料中活菌数及其存活率都较高。产品水分含量以５％～６％、充氮包装、存放于低温环境更有利于提高存活率。     

培养基及培养工艺对双歧杆菌产量的影响

目的：对双歧杆菌生产培养基进行筛选,提高双歧杆菌的产量。方法：使用保蒲培养基,采用发酵罐培养工艺。结果：使用保蒲培养基较西红柿原汁培养基可使双歧杆菌的产量提高3.06-5.36倍。用保蒲培养基采用发酵罐培养工艺较立瓶静止培养工艺双歧杆菌的产量可提高4.91-54.8倍;发酵罐培养工艺较用西红柿原汁培养基、立瓶培养工艺产量提高17.33-154.29倍。结论：用保蒲培养基发酵罐培养可大大提高双歧杆菌的产量。     

北京苜蓿花叶病毒H-10分离物的研究II.病毒外壳蛋白质及病毒核酸各组分的分离

分离纯化了AMV-H-10 的核酸和外壳蛋白质,测定了核酸的生物活性和分子量。外壳蛋白质分子量约为24,500。四种核酸的分子量：RNA．-1.3×106、RNA2-1.1 x 106、RNA3-0．80×106、RNA4一0．48×106。这数据与Hull所测定的基本相同,但比实际的分子量偏高,文中对此进行了讨论。用电泳洗脱法分离纯化了H—10的RNA3.4.5;RNA,是卫星RNA还是病毒基因组在提纯过程中的降解产物,有待进一步证明。     

破伤风毒素近况

<正> 产生和释放 在对数生长期破伤风毒素的合成率非常低,绝大部份毒素是旺盛的生长期末产生的。Coleman(16)在一株产气芽孢杆菌中研究了胞外酶的形成。他发现:他们的形成几乎都出现在微生物旺盛生长期中止之后。根据这个事实,他们设想在胞内物质的增加和胞外酶的合成之间存在着转录上的竞争。接着,这个设想被发展成为一个模型应用于在对数生长期结束之后合成胞外蛋白的那些系统中(17)。依照这个系统,在对数生长期结束时营养的缺乏将切断核糖体的RNA合成,结果引起正在工作的RNA聚合酶(RNAnucleootidyltran-sfrase)的增加。随着,糖体RNA的更新导致RNA前体积池体积的(precursorpoolsize)增大,将容许合成更多的信使RNA,此时只要聚合酶没有被饱和,胞外蛋白质的合成就会不断增加。Colemon等(17)用液化淀粉杆菌产生大量胞外蛋白质作论据来支持竞争模型学     

利用球孢链霉菌发酵液消化双歧杆菌细胞壁提取质粒的研究

目的寻找一种经济适用的提取双歧杆菌质粒的方法。方法利用球孢链霉菌发酵产生的变溶菌素来消化双歧杆菌细胞壁,提取质粒,并与商业化溶菌酶法比较。结果球孢链霉菌发酵液与溶菌酶均成功提取到质粒。结论利用球孢链霉菌发酵液提取质粒经济简便。     

稀土元素对两歧双歧杆菌生长的影响

目的：报道不同浓度稀土元素铈和镧（1－1000ug/ml)对两歧双歧杆菌生长的影响。方法：试管培养与连续厌氧培养法,结果：当两种稀土元素浓度大于300ug/ml时,双歧杆菌的生长明显受到抑制,当稀土元素浓度在100－200ug/ml时,对双歧杆菌生长有轻微抑制,低浓度的稀土元素对双歧杆菌无刺激生长作用,稀土元素（100ug/ml)对厌氧连续培养的双歧杆菌同样有明显的抑制作用,随着稀土元素被洗脱,细胞的生长才逐渐缓慢恢复,试管培养中加入一定浓度稀土元素（100ug/ml),连续取样检查,也可观察到稀土元素对双歧杆菌的抑制情况,结论：一定浓度稀土元素铈和镧对双歧杆菌生长有促进作用。     

发酵中克拉维酸降解因素的探讨

探讨了克拉维酸 (clavulanicacid ,CA)在发酵液中的降解因素 ,首先研究了培养基组分影响CA降解速率的大小 ,并计算出不同组分对其降解的速率常数 .然后 ,研究了发酵过程中在对数生长期和稳定期的克拉维酸降解速率常数。研究发现外界环境因素对CA降解速率的影响大小不同 ,通过对带棒链霉菌对数生长期和稳定期CA降解情况的研究 ,可以判断 ,在pH、温度等发酵条件一定的情况下 ,导致发酵后期CA严重降解的原因可能与菌体生长过程中产生的热敏性物质或者稳定期产生的次级代谢产物有关 。     

胶陀螺发酵液的研究

对胶陀螺自然发酵后的发酵液的发酵菌种和化学成分进行了研究。结果表明 ,发酵液中富含组氨酸、赖氨酸、酪氨酸等氨基酸和钙、镁、磷、铁、锌等无机元素 ,同时含有柠檬酸、酒石酸、乙醇、乙甲醚基环氧乙烷、丁内酯及 3- (3-羰基 - 4 -羟基苯基 ) -D -丙氨酸等物质 ,发酵菌种为黑根霉。     

Assays for urinary biomarkers of oxidatively damaged nucleic acids

Abstract

The analysis of oxidized nucleic acid metabolites can be performed by a variety of methodologies: liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical or mass-spectrometry detection, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis and ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The major analytical challenge is specificity. The best combination of selectivity and speed of analysis can be obtained by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection. This, however, is also the most demanding technique with regard to price, complexity and skills requirement. The available ELISA methods present considerable specificity problems and cannot be recommended at present. The oxidized nucleic acid metabolites in urine are assumed to originate from the DNA and RNA. However, direct evidence is not available. A possible contribution from the nucleotide pools is most probably minimal, if existing. Recent investigation on RNA oxidation has shown conditions where RNA oxidation but not DNA oxidation is prominent, and while investigation on DNA is of huge interest, RNA oxidation may be overlooked. The methods for analyzing oxidized deoxynucleosides can easily be expanded to analyze the oxidized ribonucleosides. The urinary measurement of oxidized nucleic acid metabolites provides a non-invasive measurement of oxidative stress to DNA and RNA.     

A simple multiwell tray for manipulation of radiolabeled nucleic acids on filter disks

This note describes a simple tray in which large numbers of radiolabeled nucleic acid samples mounted on paper or glass-fiber disks can be subjected to various treatments prior to counting by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The tray is useful for analysis of samples from ultracentrifugal fractionation of nucleic acids, for direct sampling of RNA or DNA polymerase assays in vitro, and for analysis of nucleic acid labeling in bacterial cultures.     

Assays for urinary biomarkers of oxidatively damaged nucleic acids

The analysis of oxidized nucleic acid metabolites can be performed by a variety of methodologies: liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical or mass-spectrometry detection, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis and ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The major analytical challenge is specificity. The best combination of selectivity and speed of analysis can be obtained by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection. This, however, is also the most demanding technique with regard to price, complexity and skills requirement. The available ELISA methods present considerable specificity problems and cannot be recommended at present. The oxidized nucleic acid metabolites in urine are assumed to originate from the DNA and RNA. However, direct evidence is not available. A possible contribution from the nucleotide pools is most probably minimal, if existing. Recent investigation on RNA oxidation has shown conditions where RNA oxidation but not DNA oxidation is prominent, and while investigation on DNA is of huge interest, RNA oxidation may be overlooked. The methods for analyzing oxidized deoxynucleosides can easily be expanded to analyze the oxidized ribonucleosides. The urinary measurement of oxidized nucleic acid metabolites provides a non-invasive measurement of oxidative stress to DNA and RNA.     

Quantitative microspectrophotometry of RNA in plant tissue

Synopsis Chemical estimation of nucleic acid, essentially RNA, in fixed tissue from Jerusalem artichoke tubers, coupled with an examination of the types of RNA in the fixed tissue by gel electrophoresis, demonstrates that ribosomal and soluble RNA are preserved in this tissue after various fixation procedures including methanol, ethanol-acetic acid and aqueous formaldehyde. Tissue fixed in ethanol-acetic acid or formaldehyde is resistant to loss of nucleic acid by aqueous extraction but tissue fixed in all three standard fixatives loses nucleic acid in citrate buffer under conditions used for Azure B staining. The presence of Azure B in the buffer does not wholly prevent this loss. Tissue fixed in formaldehyde or mixed fixatives containing formaldehyde is resistant to loss of nucleic acid during treatment with EDTA to obtain cell suspensions.Preliminary experiments with Azure B, Gallocyanin chrome-alum and Methylene Blue showed that the Gallocyanin technique is the most practicable for demonstrating RNA cytochemically. Its specificity was confirmed by ribonuclease extraction of the tissue. Optimum staining conditions, requiring treatment of the tissue in Gallocyanin chrome-alum solution overnight at 40°C, are established for the artichoke tissue and for paraffin sections of pea shoot apices.     

Identification of nucleic acid binding sites on translin-associated factor X (TRAX) protein

Translin and TRAX proteins play roles in very important cellular processes such as DNA recombination, spatial and temporal expression of mRNA, and in siRNA processing. Translin forms a homomeric nucleic acid binding complex and binds to ssDNA and RNA. However, a mutant translin construct that forms homomeric complex lacking nucleic acid binding activity is able to form fully active heteromeric translin-TRAX complex when co-expressed with TRAX. A substantial progress has been made in identifying translin sites that mediate its binding activity, while TRAX was thought not to bind DNA or RNA on its own. We here for the first time demonstrate nucleic acid binding to TRAX by crosslinking radiolabeled ssDNA to heteromeric translin-TRAX complex using UV-laser. The TRAX and translin, photochemically crosslinked with ssDNA, were individually detected on SDS-PAGE. We mutated two motifs in TRAX and translin, designated B2 and B3, to help define the nucleic acid binding sites in the TRAX sequence. The most pronounced effect was observed in the mutants of B3 motif that impaired nucleic acid binding activity of the heteromeric complexes. We suggest that both translin and TRAX are binding competent and contribute to the nucleic acid binding activity.     

RNA approaches the B‐form in stacked single strand dinucleotide contexts

Duplex RNA adopts an A‐form structure, while duplex DNA interconverts between the A‐ and B‐forms depending on the environment. The C2′‐endo sugar pucker seen in B‐form DNA can occur infrequently in ribose sugars as well, but RNA is not understood to assume B‐form conformations. Through analysis of over 45,000 stacked single strand dinucleotide (SSD) crystal structure conformations, this study demonstrates that RNA is capable of adopting a wide conformational range between the canonical A‐ and B‐forms at the localized SSD level, including many B‐form‐like conformations. It does so through C2′‐endo ribose conformations in one or both nucleotides, and B‐form‐like neighboring base stacking patterns. As chemical reactions on nucleic acids involve localized changes in chemical bonds, the understanding of how enzymes distinguish between DNA and RNA nucleotides is altered by the energetic accessibility of these rare B‐form‐like RNA SSD conformations. The existence of these conformations also has direct implications in parametrization of molecular mechanics energy functions used extensively to model nucleic acid behavior., 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 65–82, 2016     

Multiple targets for suppression of RNA interference by tomato aspermy virus protein 2B

Viral suppressors of RNA interference (RNAi) appear to have evolved as a response to this innate genomic defense. We report the nucleic acid binding properties of the Cucumovirus RNAi suppressor tomato aspermy virus protein 2B (TAV 2B). Using total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy (TIRFS), we show that TAV 2B binds double-stranded RNA corresponding to siRNAs and miRNAs, as well as single-stranded RNA oligonucleotides. A number of positively charged residues between amino acids 20 and 30 are critical for RNA binding. Binding to RNA oligomerizes and induces a conformational change in TAV 2B, causing it to form a primarily helical structure and a 4:2 protein-RNA complex.     

Nucleic acid indices of egg production in the tropical copepod Acartia sinjiensis

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of food and temperature on the nucleic acid content and egg production (and their relationship) of the tropical copepod Acartia sinjiensis. Experiment 1 evaluated the effect of food quality (as different algae species) on the relationship between nucleic acid content and egg production. In Experiment 2, the main and interaction effects of food type, food concentration and temperature on the total, Carbon and Nitrogen specific egg production and nucleic acid indices were evaluated in a factorial experimental design. Food quality, concentration and temperature significantly affected the nucleic acid content, egg production rate and the nucleic acid-egg production relationship of A. sinjiensis. RNA indices were correlated with egg production in females fed Pavlova salina, Tetraselmis chuii and Chaetoceros muelleri, but not in females fed Isochrysis aff. galbana. The slopes of the linear regressions of RNA indices as predictors of egg production were similar in females fed different algae species, suggesting that the slope of these relationships might be independent of food quality. The DNA content of females was significantly affected by food and temperature, suggesting that it is not a good index of cell number in this species. Nevertheless, the RNA:DNA ratio was as good a predictor of egg production as total RNA content. Egg production showed a weakly positive correlation with temperature. On the other hand, total, C- and N-specific nucleic acid indices had a strong negative correlation with temperature. In addition, temperature had a non linear effect on the slopes of the regression lines of RNA content and RNA:DNA ratio as predictors of egg production—slopes were similar at 25 °C and 30 °C, but significantly lower at 20 °C. Furthermore, the predictability of egg production was improved when the interaction term of nucleic acid indices with temperature was used instead of the nucleic acid indices alone in linear regression models. Our results suggest food quality has a limited influence on the nucleic acid-egg production relationship, and that temperature should be accounted for in models using nucleic acid indices as predictors of egg production in A. sinjiensis.