《中国蜜蜂学》

该书由著名养蜂专家陈盛禄教授主编,主要内容包括：蜜蜂生物学、生态学、种质资源、遗传育种、营养与饲料配合、蜜粉源植物、蜂机具、蜂群的不同管理模式、蜂场设计、蜂产品高产及加工技术、授粉增产及配套技术、蜜蜂病、敌害及防治、蜂产品的成分及医疗作用。定价９８元,邮购价１０８元。以上两书《植物杂志》编辑部有售,欢迎选购。《中国蜜蜂学》     

蜜蜂病毒学研究进展

蜜蜂是自然界最重要的授粉昆虫,对维护自然生态系统的生物多样性和保持农业生态系统的增产效应发挥着巨大的作用。作为世界第一养蜂大国,中国养蜂业健康发展的意义不仅在于获取大量高品质的蜂产品,更重要的是发挥蜜蜂授粉的农业增产效应,保证我国的粮食安全。和其他动物一样,蜜蜂健康也受到多种病害的威胁,近年来蜜蜂病毒病在世界范围内的广泛流行与传播,是导致世界蜂群持续下降的一个重要原因。蜜蜂病毒长期广泛的以无明显发病症状的低浓度隐性感染方式存在于蜜蜂蜂群中,但多数蜜蜂病毒在特定环境条件下可被激活,在寄主体细胞内快速复制,表现出强烈的致病性,引发致死性蜜蜂病毒病的流行与爆发。蜜蜂病毒病知识的缺乏,以及复杂的蜜蜂病毒鉴定技术使得蜜蜂病毒病难以及时确诊和防治,因此每年在养蜂生产上造成的巨大损失已严重阻碍了我国养蜂业的健康发展。本文将综述这一领域的研究成果和学科发展趋势,为在我国开展蜜蜂病毒学研究提供参考,并介绍国外的一些蜜蜂病毒病诊断方法与防治经验服务于我国养蜂生产实践。     

蜂产品及蜜蜂疾病与劳动分工行为研究概况

蜜蜂是重要的农业昆虫,传花授粉、促进农作物增产增收,生产蜂产品、满足市场需求;也是一种典型的社会性模式昆虫,具有重要的科研价值。本文综述了目前蜜蜂备受关注的三方面研究工作:(1)蜜蜂授粉和蜂产品;(2)蜜蜂的疾病与免疫;(3)蜜蜂的劳动分工行为。     

烟曲霉素在防治蜜蜂孢子虫病中的应用研究进展

近年来,全球性蜂群损失严重,对蜜蜂授粉农业造成巨大冲击。东方蜜蜂微孢子虫Nosema ceranae,N.ceranae在成功实现由东方蜜蜂Apis cerana Fabr.向西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera L.的宿主转移后,成为严重威胁西方蜜蜂健康的一种新的寄生虫病原,并被认为是蜂群损失的一个重要原因。烟曲霉素是一种能够有效防治蜜蜂孢子虫病的药物,但作为一种抗生素类药物,其在蜂产品中的残留问题以及对蜂群和人类健康的影响也颇受关注。本文将围绕蜜蜂孢子虫病概况、烟曲霉素在治疗蜜蜂孢子虫病以及人类疾病中的应用及其潜在的问题等进行综述,以期为我国养蜂生产中蜜蜂孢子虫病的防治以及烟曲霉素在相关领域中的应用提供参考。     

蜜蜂蛋白质组学研究新进展北大核心CSCD

蛋白质组学是后基因组时代的重要技术之一,随着超高压液相色谱、高分辨率和高灵敏度生物大分子质谱技术的快速发展,近年来在蜜蜂生物学和蜂产品研究领域的研究应用越来越广,蜜蜂的许多重要生物学形成机理被解析,蜂产品中的重要功能成分不断被鉴定,这对促进我国蜂学领域的原始创新具有重要意义。对近年来国际蜜蜂蛋白质组学的研究进行系统综述,旨在促进我国蜜蜂生物学和养蜂业的发展。     

蜜蜂蛋白质组学研究新进展

蛋白质组学是后基因组时代的重要技术之一,随着超高压液相色谱、高分辨率和高灵敏度生物大分子质谱技术的快速发展,近年来在蜜蜂生物学和蜂产品研究领域的研究应用越来越广,蜜蜂的许多重要生物学形成机理被解析,蜂产品中的重要功能成分不断被鉴定,这对促进我国蜂学领域的原始创新具有重要意义。对近年来国际蜜蜂蛋白质组学的研究进行系统综述,旨在促进我国蜜蜂生物学和养蜂业的发展。     

拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对蜜蜂的毒性和影响

蜜蜂是最重要的农业授粉昆虫之一,蜜蜂在授粉过程中极有可能接触到广泛使用的广谱杀虫剂-拟除虫菊酯,大多数拟除虫菊酯对蜜蜂等农业授粉昆虫有较高的毒性.本文对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的作用机理进行了综述;总结了蜂群及蜂产品中拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的残留现状、拟除虫菊酯对蜜蜂的急性毒性以及亚致死效应,讨论了拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂复配农药对蜜...     

蜜蜂蜂群温湿度调节研究进展

环境温度的变化直接影响蜜蜂的个体发育、群体活动、蜂群繁殖、群势强弱等方面,蜂群温湿度是对蜜蜂生命活动影响最大的环境因素,蜜蜂会积极地响应环境温度变化。在巢群内温度高于或低于子脾要求温度,蜜蜂就会采取各种解决办法。研究蜂群温度的分布、变化规律以及调控机制是当前蜂学领域的热点问题,而掌握了蜂群温度变化规律,也能更好的进行科学养蜂,提高蜂产品的产量和质量,同时对人类认知、环境保护也具有非常重要的借鉴价值。近年来随着基因组学、生物学、高新科学技术等的应用,蜜蜂温湿度调节的研究不断深入。整合当前国内外蜜蜂蜂群温湿度调节的研究报道,对蜜蜂蜂群温湿度调节现象和行为进行综合阐述,并对蜂群温湿度内在调控机理方面的进一步研究提出新思路。     

中国蜜蜂新病原的分离

蜜蜂是自然界最主要的授粉昆虫,它们除了为农作物授粉外,还为人类提供营养丰富的蜂产品,具有重要的经济价值和社会效益。然而春季蜜蜂的"爬蜂病"几乎是年复一年的发生,轻则削弱蜂群,重则使蜜蜂全部死亡。引起蜜蜂"爬蜂病"的病原包括细菌、孢子虫、花粉、病毒、螺原体等多种,因此,准确鉴定出蜜蜂发病的病因对于蜜蜂疾病的正确防治非常必要。     

中国70年来蜜蜂生物学研究进展

蜜蜂生物学是养蜂学领域中最基础的学科,人类饲养蜜蜂是从观察蜜蜂生物学特性过程中逐渐开始的,并且随着对蜜蜂生物学特性深入了解,蜜蜂饲养技术得到了不断提高;而且,蜜蜂也是一种理想的社会型模式昆虫,蜜蜂生物学研究结果对整个社会生物学有重要的参考价值,因此蜜蜂生物学研究长期以来一直是热门课题,每年有大量论文发表。本文对我国学者70年来在蜜蜂生物学方面研究取得的进展进行了总结,重点介绍了中华蜜蜂生物学、蜜蜂发育生物学、蜜蜂行为生物学和蜜蜂营养生物学领域的最新研究成果,提出了未来的发展趋势,旨在于推动我国养蜂学事业的发展。     

Advances in the timing of spring cleaning by the honeybee Apis mellifera in Poland

1. The honeybee Apis mellifera is of huge worldwide economic importance in the pollination of crops for human consumption. In recent years, honeybee populations have declined under pressure from diseases and pests. Climate change is increasingly being viewed as an additional threat to honeybees and yet only limited research has been carried out in this area. 2. This paper reports the advance of the first cleansing flight (‘spring cleaning’) of the honeybee in Poznań, Poland, i.e. flights to excrete faeces, over a month in the period 1985–2009. The timing of this flight is advanced not only by higher late winter/spring temperatures but also by higher temperatures in the previous summer and autumn. 3. This earlier activity gives hope that the reported earlier flowering of many native and cultivated species will not cause a pollination synchrony crisis.     

Conserving genetic diversity in the honeybee: Comments on Harpur et al. (2012)

The article by Harpur et al. (2012) ‘Management increases genetic diversity of honey bees via admixture’ concludes that ‘…honey bees do not suffer from reduced genetic diversity caused by management and, consequently, that reduced genetic diversity is probably not contributing to declines of managed Apis mellifera populations’. In the light of current honeybee and beekeeping declines and their consequences for honeybee conservation and the pollination services they provide, we would like to express our concern about the conclusions drawn from the results of Harpur et al. (2012). While many honeybee management practices do not imply admixture, we are convinced that the large-scale genetic homogenization of admixed populations could drive the loss of valuable local adaptations. We also point out that the authors did not account for the extensive gene flow that occurs between managed and wild/feral honeybee populations and raise concerns about the data set used. Finally, we caution against underestimating the importance of genetic diversity for honeybee colonies and highlight the importance of promoting the use of endemic honeybee subspecies in apiculture.     

Pollination biology of Cymbidium goeringii (Orchidaceae) in China

The genus Cymbidium comprises three subgenera with ca. 50 species. Interactions between pollinators and plants have been studied in the two subgenera Cymbidium and Cyperorchis, but only a few studies in the subgenus Jensoa have been reported. Here we report on the reproductive characteristics of C. goeringii (in sub-genus Jensoa) in three populations in the southwest of Hunan Province, China, during the winter from December 2005 to March 2006. Floral phenological and morphological features, behavior of visitors, the breeding system, and fruit sets under natural conditions were studied. The flowers of C. goeringii were strongly fragrant, but did not present any rewards to the visitors. The flowering period of C. goeringii in the studied populations lasted about 40 days, and most flowers (about 60%) opened within 30 days. Flowers opened immediately when temperature increased obviously and reached to about 16 ℃. The flowering time of the pollinated flowers, unpollinated flow-ers and the flowers with pollinarium removed were similar. Two bees of Apidae, Apis cerana cerana (honeybee) and Anthophora melanognatha, were observed visiting flowers of C. goeringii, but only the honeybees performed as pollinators. The honeybees mostly visited the orchid flowers at 10:00–17:00 on sunny days with temperature above 10 ℃. A total of only thirteen visits were observed during 20 days of observation, indicating pollinators were rare. Honeybees directly landed on the upper surface of the labellum and inserted their heads into the flowers between column and labellum, while the hind legs trod on the surface of the curved downward mid-lobe of label-lum. When a honeybee landed on the labellum of a flower, the labellum moved up and down slightly. After the honeybee entered the flower further, its head might touch the foot of the column. At this time, the body of the honeybee was parallel with the upper surface of the labellum. Then the honeybee used its front legs to scratch on the callus ridges on the upper surface of the labellum, and its hind legs hooked the edges of the side lobe of label-lum, trying to exit forcibly from the flower. During exiting process, sometimes the honeybee’s body was arched owing to tension. In this case, the surface of the scutellum came into close contact with the viscidium and then pollinaria, together with the anther cap, were removed. When this honeybee visited next flower, the pollinaria would be adhered to the stigma when it arched its body during the exiting process. Three plant species flowered synchronously with C. goeringii in the studied areas, but their flowers were different with C. goeringii in color or shape. Because C. goeringii is rewardless to pollinators, the flowers probably attract visitors by olfactory stimu-lus. Breeding system experiments showed no spontaneous autogamy and pollination success relying on pollinators in C. goeringii. Artificial pollination resulted in 90% fruit set by induced autogamy, 100% by pollinating within clone, and 100% by xenogamous pollination, respectively. These results indicate that C. goeringii is highly self-compatible and the fruit production is pollen limited. Because pollinators are essential for fruit set of C. goeringii in natural habitats, protection of wild honeybee populations or apiculture is likely a simple but effective strategy to maintain the orchid populations.     

北京中华蜜蜂的保护与利用

阐述目前中华蜜蜂Apis cerana Fabricius的分布及其生态影响,并针对北京地区中蜂现状,提出从中蜂饲养技术培训、饲养繁育示范、多元开发利用、建立专业养殖乡及发挥中蜂优势、发展山区养蜂事业等5个方面入手,保护与利用中华蜜蜂,逐步恢复中蜂的数量。     

The influence of some honeybee products as a diet substitute on the different stages of Coccinella undecimpunctata L. in Egypt

Several natural diets of honeybee products were tested for rearing Coccinella undecimpunctata L. under laboratory conditions. Two groups of tested adult and larval insect have been fed on the tested diets, the first group were fed on the tested honey bee products diets without adding aphids, while the second group fed on the same honeybee products with aphids added. The oviposition period in the first group was significantly shorter than control. The tested diets supplied with royal jelly + aphid and/or pollen grains + aphid caused the longest oviposition period. Diets of aphid alone and bee honey with aphid recorded the shortest oviposition period. Fecundity of ladybird was the highest in the tested diets with aphids than diets without aphid and/or aphid diet alone. The durations of larval and pupal stages were significantly different when compared with the diets with or without aphid and/or aphid diet alone. Further results indicated that the diets of royal jelly caused the shortest duration in larval and pupal stages.     

Variable microsatellite loci isolated from the Asian honeybee, Apis cerana (Hymenoptera; Apidae)

We developed 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the Asian honeybee, Apis cerana using the magnetic particle method. Eight of these 12 were highly polymorphic, having four to seven alleles with an expected heterozygosity of 0.38 to 0.78. The primers also produce polymorphic products in related honeybee species such as Apis nigrocincta. These loci can be used to study parameters associated with genetic structure, such as paternity frequency and worker reproduction.     

蜜蜂以色列急性麻痹病毒(IAPV)研究进展

2006年冬季至2007年春季,美国发生了大范围的蜜蜂突然消失现象,类似的情况也发生在欧洲的部分地区,引发了严重的授粉危机。科学家对此展开了深入细致的研究并推测以色列急性麻痹病毒(Israeli acute paralysisvirus,IAPV)很可能是蜂群崩溃失调病(colony collapse disorder,CCD)的致病因素。随着研究的深入,对CCD的致病因素及其发生机制有了更深入的认识,并趋向于认为多方面的致病因素可能导致了CCD的发生。本文综述了目前国内外对IAPV的研究进展。     

多巴胺神经通路及其对蜜蜂行为的影响

蜜蜂复杂的社会行为受到了研究者的广泛关注,了解蜜蜂的学习、记忆、导航、信息传递等行为的神经分子基础,可对探索人类自身的脑科学和复杂社会行为的分子基础提供比较研究信息。本文综述了多巴胺的作用机制及其在蜜蜂行为中的作用,详细介绍了蜜蜂脑部的多巴胺受体,总结了蜜蜂脑部多巴胺水平的影响因子等,最后对进一步研究多巴胺神经通路对蜜蜂行为的作用及机制的前景做一展望。     

蜜蜂性别决定与性比调控机理研究

叙述了 4个主要蜜蜂性别决定机理的假说 :即性位点假说、基因平衡假说、蜜蜂性别决定综合假说和性基因数量决定假说。然后就蜜蜂性比由蜂王操纵 ,或是由工蜂操纵进行了论述 ,并对蜜蜂性比调控机理研究提出了一些建议     

一种新的蜜蜂细菌性幼虫病病原的分离鉴定

2005年早春,在浙江部分地区出现了一种严重的蜜蜂细菌性幼虫病,该病导致蜜蜂幼虫颜色发黄,失去光泽;严重时幼虫死亡腐烂。从10批发病死亡幼虫样品中,分离得到并保存了5类纯培养物。通过蜂群接种试验和实验室人工培养的幼虫接种,确定L2菌株能引起与自然发病相似的症状,且能从接种发病的幼虫上再次分离到相同菌株,证明L2菌株是该蜜蜂细菌性幼虫病的致病菌。进一步对分离到的该致病菌从发病特征、病原形态学、生理生化特性、16SrRNA序列等方面进行了分析鉴定,结果显示:该菌株属于肠球菌属的屎肠球菌(Enterococcusfaecium),不是目前报道的任何一种已知蜜蜂细菌性幼虫病的病原。