肝炎平对日本血吸虫肝纤维化兔肝脏酶组织化学作用的研究

目的探讨肝炎平对血吸虫肝纤维化家兔酶组织化学的作用。方法将38只成年健康大耳白兔分为正常对照组(N)、模型组(M)及肝炎平治疗组(E)。M和E组采用腹贴法(日本血吸虫尾蚴180条/只,持续15分钟)感染血吸虫,六周后服用吡喹酮行杀虫治疗。此后,E组予以肝炎平治疗。于实验的第13周将全部动物麻醉后剖腹取肝组织。酶组织化学方法检测单胺氧化酶(MAO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)在肝组织的表达活性。结果肝炎平组中MAO为0.1966±0.04536,NOS为0.1166±0.01895,LDH为0.1355±0.04964,而模型组的MAO为0.5627±0.04849,NOS为0.1422±0.02520,LDH为0.5027±0.07783,与模型组相比,有显著性差异(P<0.05),肝炎平组的SDH吸光度为0.4197±0.10442,而模型组SDH的吸光度为0.2688±0.09435,与模型组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论肝炎平能减少肝组织中的单胺氧化酶、一氧化氮合酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性,提高琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性。提示肝炎平具有抗血吸虫肝纤维化的作用。     

实验性脾虚证大鼠结肠和盲肠组织化学、免疫组织化学研究

成年雄性Wistar大鼠60只,分正常对照组;脾虚组;自然恢复组和四君子汤治疗组。四组动物取结肠和盲肠分别进行H-E;酶组织化学和5-羟色胺细胞PAP免疫组织化学观察。结果表明,脾虚组结肠和盲肠粘膜上皮的杯状细胞较对照组明显增多,淋巴细胞及淋巴集结也增多。固有层毛细血管充血并有炎症细胞的增多。上皮细胞和腺细胞琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)减弱,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)增强;结肠上皮细胞和腺细胞碱性磷酸酶(AIP)和三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)增强,而盲肠上皮细胞和腺细胞AIP和ATPase减弱。结肠和盲肠5-HT细胞免疫组化反应减弱。这些结果表明肠上皮细胞酶的变化和5-HT细胞分泌活性的变化与脾虚证的发生密切相关,可能是导致脾虚证原因之一。经四君子汤治疗后以上各项指标均比自然恢复组更接近于正常对照组,说明此药对消化道粘膜上皮酶活性和5-HT细胞分泌活性恢复正常有明显效果,从而起治疗作用。     

不同病理睾丸组织中雄激素受体和热休克蛋白90α表达的差异

目的检查和分析不同病理睾丸组织雄激素受体和热休克蛋白90α表达的差异.方法运用免疫组织化学二步法检查精子发生停滞、精原细胞瘤、前列腺癌去势和正常健康睾丸标本之雄激素受体和热休克蛋白90α的表达情况.结果正常睾丸组织和前列腺癌去势睾丸中雄激素受体在间质细胞、支持细胞和精原细胞的胞核表达,前者的表达强度高于后者(P<0.05);热休克蛋白90α主要在类肌细胞、间质细胞、支持细胞核及生精细胞的胞浆表达.精子发生阻滞的睾丸组织,雄激素受体主要在支持细胞的胞核和生精细胞的胞浆表达,热休克蛋白90α主要在支持细胞、类肌细胞表达;精原细胞瘤的睾丸组织,雄激素受体在肿瘤细胞的胞浆和胞核表达,热休克蛋白90α的表达强度在精原细胞瘤组织高于对照标本.结论雄激素受体核转运异常与精子发生阻滞有紧密关系;前列腺癌去势患者睾丸组织中,雄激素受体免疫反应强度减弱与睾丸衰老有关;精原细胞瘤患者睾丸标本,雄激素受体表达减弱,但热休克蛋白90α表达增强;提示雄激素受体和热休克蛋白90α的表达异常与精原细胞瘤的病理发生有关.     

热休克预处理提高猪成肌细胞自体正常肌肉移植后的生存率

研究表明成肌细胞移植有可能用于治疗Duchenne型肌营养不良(Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD)、心衰和严重肌肉损伤. 移植后成肌细胞快速大量的死亡是影响该方法疗效的一个主要难题. 细胞在受到各种刺激后会过度表达热休克蛋白(heat shock protein, HSP). 体外和体内实验均已证实HSP能帮助细胞对抗多种有害刺激. 本实验针对HSP的过度表达能否提高猪成肌细胞自体正常肌肉移植后的存活率进行研究. 猪成肌细胞经过42℃, 1 h的热休克后会过度表达HSP. 通过Western blot 和流式细胞仪来定量检测猪成肌细胞中HSP的表达; 同时分析细胞中的CD56和结合蛋白含量, 从而了解休克后细胞的肌源性有无变化. 利用放射性H³定量分析移植后细胞的生存率. 借助慢病毒载体(Lentivector Lac Z)监测移植后成肌细胞与宿主细胞的融合情况. 结果表明热休克预处理后成肌细胞的HSP70显著增高(P<0.01), 并且细胞的肌源性无变化. 成肌细胞体内移植后(n=7), 24 h时热休克组和非热休克组的细胞存活率无显著性差异((67.69 ± 8.35)% vs (58.79 ± 8.35)%, P>0.05). 48 h时热休克组细胞存活率比非热休克组的高2倍((53.32 ± 8.22)% vs (28.27 ± 6.32)%, P<0.01). 120 h时热休克组细胞存活率比非热休克组的高3倍((26.33 ± 5.54)% vs (8.79 ± 2.51)%, P<0.01). 组织学检查显示; 热休克细胞和非热休克细胞均能与宿主细胞融合. 这些结果提示热休克预处理能增强成肌细胞HSP70的表达, 并可提高成肌细胞自体移植后的生存率. 体外热休克预处理是一个简单有效的能改善猪成肌细胞自体移植生存率的方法. 这也许是一个解决成肌细胞移植后存活率低的方法.     

大鼠实验性脾虚证胰腺组织化学研究

用成年雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠３０只,分为（１）正常对照组,喂饲自来水。（２）脾虚组,用苦降破气中药和饮食失节法致成脾虚模型。（３）自然恢复组,动物致虚后,喂饲自来水。（４）中药治疗组。取四组动物胰腺进行ＲＮＡ,琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）,乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）,三磷酸腺苷酶（ＡＴＰａｓｅ）,葡萄糖－６－磷酸酶（Ｇ－６－Ｐａｓｅ）和硫胺素焦磷酸酶（ＴＰＰａｓｅ）组织化学反应和观察,并对ＳＤＨ,ＬＤＨ,ＲＮＡ进行了显微分光光度计定量测定。本研究结果表明,脾虚组胰腺泡细胞的ＲＮＡ,ＳＤＨ,ＡＴＰａｓｅ,Ｇ－６－Ｐａｓｅ,ＴＰＰａｓｅ含量和活性都低于对照组,而ＬＤＨ活性高于对照组。治疗组与自然恢复组相比,治疗组胰腺泡细胞以上指标接近对照组。定量测定与定性的结果一致。本研究表明,脾虚证时胰腺泡细胞上述几种酶活性和ＲＮＡ明显下降,可能在脾虚证发病中起主要作用,中药治疗有显著改善     

CGRP和NGF对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马HSP70蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨外源性降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)和神经生长因子(NGF)对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达的影响.方法用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)模型,应用免疫组化和显微图像分析方法检测局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马HSP70的表达.结果假手术组海马未见HSP70阳性细胞,缺血再灌注组海马HSP70阳性细胞数增多.分别注射CGRP或NGF后海马区HSP70阳性细胞平均光密度值明显高于缺血再灌注组(P<0.01),二者合用时平均光密度值较比单独应用高(P<0.05).结论CGRP和NGF上调缺血神经元HSP70的表达,二者合用作用更强,对缺血神经元恢复有促进作用.     

热休克蛋白质70对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注后NOS活力的影响

目的为探讨热应激预处理对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用的机制,采用局部热应激处理诱导热休克蛋白质(HSP70)的表达,检测了HSP70对肝脏缺血再灌注时NOS活力的影响。方法将实验大鼠随机分为热应激预处理组与非预处理组,对比观察两组动物肝脏缺血再灌注后0、4、8、12、24h期间内肝脏HSP70的表达、NOS活力及血清乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)的活性与肝脏组织学改变。结果热应激预处理组HSP70的表达水平均比非预处理组同一时间点高,而NOS活力及血清LDH的活性较非预处理组低。与非预处理组比较,经热应激预处理肝组织损伤较轻。结论热应激预处理诱导产生的热休克蛋白70保护肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用途径之一可能是通过抑制NO的产生,从而降低大量自由基对肝脏的损害。     

镇肝熄风汤对自发性高血压大鼠PCNA mRNA和蛋白表达的影响

研究不同剂量镇肝熄风汤对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心血管PCNA蛋白和PCNA mRNA表达的影响。采用24周自发性高血压大鼠(SHR),雄性,50只,模型组、中药低剂量组、中药中剂量组、中药高剂量组、复方罗布麻组,每组10只,同源雄性京都威斯特大鼠(WKY)10只作为对照组,灌胃给药5周后,Western Blot法测定心血管PCNA蛋白表达,Real-Time RT-PCR法测定大鼠PCNA mRNA基因表达。结果显示镇肝熄风汤中药中剂量、高剂量组与模型组比较,PCNA蛋白表达明显升高(P0.01);镇肝熄风汤中剂量与模型组比较,PCNA mRNA表达明显升高(P0.05)。通过研究表明镇肝熄风汤中剂量组、高剂量组中的PCNA蛋白表达和PCNA mRNA表达明显升高,促进血管内皮细胞正常增值活性。     

热休克反应与哺乳动物高海拔(缺氧)适应

利用免疫学和分子生物学手段研究哺乳动物的高海拔(缺氧)适应, 通过哺乳动物热休克反应, 了解热休克蛋白在生物体高海拔(缺氧)适应中的意义. 用Western blot和常规RT-PCR及实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR detection)测定不同海拔哺乳动物(牦牛)心肌组织热休克蛋白70(Hsp70)的表达差异和脑组织中Hsp70基因的自然表达. 将低海拔哺乳动物(家兔)直接送达不同高海拔地区(海拔2300, 3300, 5000 m)喂养3周后宰杀, 再用RT-PCR测定其脑组织中Hsp70基因的诱导表达. 结果显示: 不同海拔哺乳动物都具有热休克反应基因, 应激时高海拔哺乳动物Hsp70表达快速升高; Hsp70可被高海拔(缺氧)诱导产生. 热休克反应中Hsp70的快速合成有利于维持应激时细胞的正常生理功能, Hsp70的表达存在着阈值, 海拔5000 m是热休克反应最佳的条件, 超过海拔6000 m时热休克反应减弱; Hsp70生成量与细胞的耐缺氧能力成正比.     

激素型肾阳虚动物肝线粒体蛋白质组与能量代谢相关性

应用凝胶内差异显示电泳技术研究肾阳虚大鼠肝线粒体蛋白质组,并从肝线粒体蛋白质组角度阐述肾阳虚与能量代谢的关系.8个分别来自于肾阳虚大鼠和正常大鼠的肝线粒体蛋白质样品(各4个)分别用荧光染料Cy3、Cy5标记,以及8个样品等量混合物用Cy2标记作为内标,每一Cy3、Cy5标记样品与Cy2标记的内标等量混合后在同一胶中进行电泳分离,经不同光激发后扫描得到不同样品的蛋白质组图谱.经DeCyder软件结合内标分析,以肾阳虚组动物与正常组动物肝线粒体蛋白质相差1.2倍以上的蛋白作为差异蛋白,实验共获得16个差异蛋白质,经质谱测定和与蛋白质文库比对,鉴定11个蛋白质.其中,肾阳虚动物热休克蛋白60和70、肌氨酸脱氢酶、氨甲酰磷酸合成酶、亚硫酸盐氧化酶、ATP合酶、醛脱氢酶和NADH脱氢酶表达量增加,而丙酮酸脱氢酶、α酮戊二酸脱氢酶、脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶和鸟氨酸氨基转移酶表达量降低.实验表明,肾阳虚动物能量代谢相关酶的变化与肾阳虚的临床虚寒症状有关.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various