二硫化钼纳米材料在生物传感器中的应用

近年来纳米材料的不断引入，为生物传感技术提供了新的研究途径，大大提高了生物传感器的性能。其中，二硫化钼(MoS₂)纳米材料由于比表面积大、带隙可调、电子迁移率高等独特性质，在生物传感器中被广泛应用。本文首先介绍了基于MoS₂纳米材料的电化学、场效应晶体管、表面增强拉曼散射、比色、双模式生物传感器的基本原理、研究进展及性能对比，重点分析了MoS₂纳米复合材料的结构、组分等对传感器灵敏度、检测范围、检测限、特异性等性能的影响，总结了MoS₂生物传感器的优势并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望，为MoS₂生物传感器在生物检测领域的进一步应用以及未来研究方向提供了思路。     

场效应晶体管型赖氨酸传感器的研究

用自行研制的SOS型氢离子敏场效应晶体管,结合聚乙烯醇膜和赖氨酸脱羧酶膜,研制成场效应晶体管型赖氨酸传感器,其线性响应范围为:0.02％—0.10％,响应灵敏度75±3 mV,响应时间约2 min.传感器寿命达60 d,在pH 6.2的磷酸盐缓冲液中(含10^-3mol/L磷酸吡哆醛),37℃时器件性能最优,同时还考察了硅烷化及膜厚对器件性能的影响.用该传感器初步检测强化赖氨酸饮料的含量,结果与经典的茚三酮显色法基本一致.     

美国西方储备大学生物医学工程代表团在沪进行的学术交流简介

应上海市生物医学工程学会和中国电子学会生物医学电子学学会的邀请,以葛文勋博士为首的美国西方储备大学生物医学工程代表团一行四人(普朗西、弗菜明、莫蒂默等教授)于八一年底在沪作了多次专题报告,进行学术交流,现摘要介绍其部分内容,(智能换能器,离子敏感场效应晶体管、美国生物医学工程教育概况)以供读者参考。     

基于纳米酶的比色生物传感器在生物医学检测中的应用

比色生物传感技术由于具有灵敏度高、方法简单并且容易操作等优点，已广泛应用于生物环境中污染物检测、生物体内重要标志物的检测以及癌症筛查等多个领域。基于纳米酶的比色生物传感器主要是借助纳米酶自身所具有的催化能力，模拟类过氧化物酶活性，将显色剂氧化生成有色溶液，从而实现可视化检测，并通过对有色溶液吸光度的检测得到相关物质的含量。与无纳米酶的比色生物传感器相比，基于纳米酶的比色生物传感器具有选择性更高、检测更快以及灵敏度更高等优点。纳米酶在具有天然酶活性的同时还具有成本低、稳定性好的、易于合成等优点，其相关研究越来越广泛。目前，基于纳米酶的比色生物传感器已成为辅助相关医学检测的重要方法，同时也广泛应用于便携和实时性相关检测当中，为医学检测提供了重要的支持和保障。为了提高比色生物传感器的灵敏度以及应用范围，研究人员也在致力于增加可检测物质的种类以及纳米酶种类的多样化等。本文主要介绍基于纳米酶的比色生物传感器的检测原理、几类典型的纳米酶，以及基于纳米酶的比色生物传感器在生物医学检测领域中的应用情况和研究进展。     

亲和型生物传感器在生物医学上的应用进展

最近几年,生物传感器和流动注射、纳米技术等全新的技术进行结合,获得了前所未有的关注度,在未来也将会有无限的发展空间和可能性。基于生物分子之间的亲和性,亲和型生物传感器能够让生物活性之间创建全新的传感器装置,能够有很高的性能,例如特异性好,灵敏度高、成本花费少等优点,在生物医药学领域有很高的发展可能性。可以用于生物医学的标记物,对核酸、蛋自质等物质进行检测,研究药物作用机理,促进临床用药的筛选等相关工作。     

阵列电化学生物传感器研究进展

阵列生物传感器技术作为一种高通量、快速、选择性高和集成化的分析技术,已在基因组学和蛋白质组学的研究和药物筛选、环境分析,食品分析,临床诊断等领域中得到广泛的应用.阵列生物传感器主要有阵列光学生物传感器和阵列电化学生物传感器.阵列电化学生物传感器是将生物分子识别物质如酶、抗原/抗体、DNA等固定在阵列电极上,以阵列中每根电极产生的电化学信号作为检测信号的电化学分析器件.阵列电化学生物传感器以灵敏度高、分析速度快、选择性好、易于微型化和集成化以及仪器价格低廉等特点受到了研究工作者的极大关注.本文简单介绍了阵列电化学生物传感器的原理和特点,重点评述了2005年以来阵列电化学生物传感器在单组份检测和多组份同时检测两方面的研究进展,简单讨论了阵列电化学生物传感器研究中存在的问题.     

气体生物传感器的应用研究进展

气体生物传感器是基于生物识别、生物转化及气体信号输出的传感器。近年来,由于气体生物传感器具有操作简单、灵敏度高、特异性好等特点,被应用于生物标志物、细胞、蛋白等靶物质的检测中。介绍了气体生物传感器的性质和分类,并分别阐述了蛋白酶介导的气体生物传感器、核酸酶介导的气体生物传感器、模拟酶介导的气体生物传感器和其他气体生物传感器的原理和应用,展望了气体生物传感器的检测手段和应用前景,为气体生物传感器的研究提供了参考。     

检测食源性致病菌的生物传感器

  大肠埃希氏菌、李斯特氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌等几种食源性致病菌不仅威胁到人们的 生命安全,还会造成巨大的社会经济损失.生物传感器是将生物识别元件和信号转换元件紧 密结合,从而检测目标化合物的分析装置.生物传感器在致病菌检测方面具有分析速度快、 灵敏度高、专一性强等特点;可分为光学式、电化学式、压电式生物传感器等;在检测食源 性致病菌方面生物传感器表现出能够满足实际应用的发展潜力,但是生物传感器目前仍面临 并需要解决一些问题,这也是生物传感器从实验室到市场如此缓慢的原因.最后提出了实际 检测应用中对生物传感器的要求.     

Mg~(2+)功能核酸生物传感器检测技术的研究进展

Mg~(2+)是人体内重要的二价金属阳离子之一,在催化细胞核酸的相关反应中具有重要的作用。在人体体内Mg~(2+)的缺失或过量会对人的健康带来危害。同时,Mg~(2+)在自然环境中也有多种作用。因此Mg~(2+)的检测受到了人们的重视。其中Mg~(2+)的仪器检测技术已经发展成熟,但也存在着一些弊端。而近些年,人们发现了功能核酸具有序列易修饰、特异性高、稳定性高、成本低,以及和生物传感器联用可实现现场快速检测等优势,功能核酸也逐渐引起广泛关注。现阶段,针对Mg~(2+)已建立多种特异性功能核酸生物传感器,实现了对多种生物标志物进行检测。与新型纳米材料的结合更加提高了检测极限以及检测的广谱性。首先介绍了Mg~(2+)功能核酸的作用方式和规律、体外筛选方法和结构性质,并对Mg~(2+)特异性功能核酸传感器的组建原理以及应用进行了综述;其次根据Mg~(2+)功能核酸传感器中信号放大的方式以及与不同纳米材料结合进行了分类,包括变温传感器、恒温传感器、金纳米传感器、碳纳米传感器等。主要内容涉及传感器的具体传感原理、适用领域、灵敏性以及检测限的比较;最后对Mg~(2+)功能核酸在食品和生物医学方面的应用进行了归纳,并对存在的不足以及未来应用进行了展望,旨在为今后研发更便携、更灵敏、更准确的生物传感器奠定理论基础。     

生物传感器应用于食源性致病菌检测研究进展

生物传感器技术是一种由生物、化学、物理、医学、电子技术等多种学科互相渗透形成起来的高新微量分析技术,具有选择性好、灵敏度高、分析速度快、成本低、能在复杂的体系中进行在线连续监测的特点.本文根据生物传感器的分子识别元件将生物传感器分为DNA传感器、免疫传感器、细胞传感器三大类,简要介绍各种生物传感器的原理及其在检测食源性致病菌方面的应用情况,并对未来生物传感器应用于实际检测进行了展望.     

Progress of new label-free techniques for biosensors: a review

The detection techniques used in biosensors can be broadly classified into label-based and label-free. Label-based detection relies on the specific properties of labels for detecting a particular target. In contrast, label-free detection is suitable for the target molecules that are not labeled or the screening of analytes which are not easy to tag. Also, more types of label-free biosensors have emerged with developments in biotechnology. The latest developed techniques in label-free biosensors, such as field-effect transistors-based biosensors including carbon nanotube field-effect transistor biosensors, graphene field-effect transistor biosensors and silicon nanowire field-effect transistor biosensors, magnetoelastic biosensors, optical-based biosensors, surface stress-based biosensors and other type of biosensors based on the nanotechnology are discussed. The sensing principles, configurations, sensing performance, applications, advantages and restriction of different label-free based biosensors are considered and discussed in this review. Most concepts included in this survey could certainly be applied to the development of this kind of biosensor in the future.     

Field-effect devices for detecting cellular signals

The integration of living cells together with silicon field-effect devices challenges a new generation of biosensors and bioelectronic devices. Cells are representing highly organised complex systems, optimised by millions of years of evolution and offering a broad spectrum of bioanalytical receptor “tools” such as enzymes, nucleic acids proteins, etc. Their combination with semiconductor-based electronic chips allows the construction of functional hybrid systems with unique functional and electronic properties for both fundamental studies and biosensoric applications. This review article summarises recent advances and trends in research and development of cell/transistor hybrids (cell-based field-effect transistors) as well as light-addressable potentiometric sensors.     

Twenty years research in cholinesterase biosensors: from basic research to practical applications

Over the last decades, cholinesterase (ChE) biosensors have emerged as an ultra sensitive and rapid technique for toxicity analysis in environmental monitoring, food and quality control. These systems have the potential to complement or replace the classical analytical methods by simplifying or eliminating sample preparation protocols and making field testing easier and faster with significant decrease in costs per analysis. Over the years, engineering of more sensitive ChE enzymes, development of more reliable immobilization protocols and progress in the area of microelectronics could allow ChE biosensors to be competitive for field analysis and extend their applications to multianalyte screening, development of small, portable instrumentations for rapid toxicity testing, and detectors in chromatographic systems. In this paper, we will review the research efforts over the last 20 years in fabricating AChE biosensors and the recent trends and challenges encounter once the sensor is used outside research laboratory for in situ real sample applications. The review will discuss the generations of cholinesterase sensors with their advantages and limitations, the existing electrode configurations and fabrication techniques and their applications for toxicity monitoring. We will focus on low-cost electrochemical sensors and the approaches used for enzyme immobilization. Recent works for achieving high sensitivity and selectivity are also discussed.     

Biological and technical challenges for implementation of yeast-based biosensors

Biosensors are low-cost and low-maintenance alternatives to conventional analytical techniques for biomedical, industrial and environmental applications. Biosensors based on whole microorganisms can be genetically engineered to attain high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of selected analytes. While bacteria-based biosensors have been extensively reported, there is a recent interest in yeast-based biosensors, combining the microbial with the eukaryotic advantages, including possession of specific receptors, stability and high robustness. Here, we describe recently reported yeast-based biosensors highlighting their biological and technical features together with their status of development, that is, laboratory or prototype. Notably, most yeast-based biosensors are still in the early developmental stage, with only a few prototypes tested for real applications. Open challenges, including systematic use of advanced molecular and biotechnological tools, bioprospecting, and implementation of yeast-based biosensors in electrochemical setup, are discussed to find possible solutions for overcoming bottlenecks and promote real-world application of yeast-based biosensors.     

微阵列电化学生物传感器研究进展

本文简要介绍了微阵列电化学生物传感器的基本原理和分类,评述了微阵列电化学生物传感器的研究进展。     

An array of field-effect nanoplate SOI capacitors for (bio-)chemical sensing

An array of individually addressable nanoplate field-effect capacitive (bio-)chemical sensors based on an SOI (silicon-on-insulator) structure has been developed. The isolation of the individual capacitors was achieved by forming a trench in the top Si layer with a thickness of 350 nm. The realized sensor array allows addressable biasing and electrical readout of multiple nanoplate EISOI (electrolyte-insulator-silicon-on-insulator) capacitive biosensors on the same SOI chip as well as differential-mode measurements. The feasibility of the proposed approach has been demonstrated by realizing sensors for the pH and penicillin concentration detection as well as for the label-free electrical monitoring of polyelectrolyte multilayers formation and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)-hybridization event. A potential change of ～ 120 mV has been registered after the DNA hybridization for the sensor immobilized with perfectly matched single-strand DNA, while practically no signal changes have been observed for a sensor with fully mismatched DNA. The realized examples demonstrate the potential of the nanoplate SOI capacitors as a new basic structural element for the development of different types of field-effect biosensors.     

Insight of smart biosensors for COVID-19: A review

The review discusses the diagnostic application of biosensors as point-of-care devices in the COVID-19 pandemic. Biosensors are important analytical tools that can be used for the robust and effective detection of infectious diseases in real-time. In this current scenario, the utilization of smart, efficient biosensors for COVID-19 detection is increasing and we have included a few smart biosensors such as smart and intelligent based biosensors, plasmonic biosensors, field effect transistor (FET) biosensors, smart optical biosensors, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensor, screen printed electrode (SPE)-based biosensor, molecular imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biosensor, MXene-based biosensor and metal–organic frame smart sensor. Their significance as well as the benefits and drawbacks of each kind of smart sensor are mentioned in depth. Furthermore, we have compiled a list of various biosensors which have been developed across the globe for COVID-19 and have shown promise as commercial detection devices. Significant challenges in the development of effective diagnostic methods are discussed and recommendations have been made for better diagnostic outcomes to manage the ongoing pandemic effectively.     

免标记荧光适体传感器的研究进展

核酸适体在治疗、诊断和生物传感等领域都引起了强烈的关注和广泛的应用。与传统的识别元素-- 抗体相比较,适体展现 出很多的优点：尺寸小,化学性质稳定,容易制备和修饰。更重要的是适体在生物传感的设计上更为灵活,因此,产生了很多高选 择性、高灵敏度的新型适体传感器。目前,很多的检测手段都被应用到适体传感器中,其中荧光的检测手段占有重要的地位。虽然 荧光适体传感器已经取得了重大的进展,但是荧光标记给传感器的设计带来很多的不便,因此,免标记的荧光适体传感器备受关 注。在本文中,我们将对免标记的荧光适体传感器的研究进展进行综述,为分析工作者发展更加灵敏、更加简单、更加应用广泛的 免标记荧光适体传感器提供依据。