天花粉蛋白T18肽片段的溶液构象及T14,TDK和T18肽…

用＾１Ｈ ＮＭＲ法测定Ｔ１８肽在ＤＭＳＯ（ＭＳ１８）和５０％六氟异丙醇（ＦＰ１８）中的溶液构象。ＭＳ１８含有Ｉｌｅ３￣Ｇｌｕ７和Ａｌａ１２￣Ｇｌｎ１６两段β－折叠链;而ＦＰ１８则转变为α－螺旋结构。综合分析Ｔ１４,Ｔ１８和ＴＤＫ三个模型肽的结构性质和稳定性,比较肽链序列和溶剂作用,提出肽链局部优势结构的概念,并据此讨论天花粉蛋白小结构域折叠起始过程。     

NMR法研究天花粉蛋白TDK肽片段的溶液构象

用ＨＮＭＲ法测定ＴＤＫ肽在Ｈ２Ｏ（ＨＯＤＫ）,５０％六氟丙醇（ＦＰＤＫ）和２ｍｏｌ／ＬＧｕ．ＨＣｌ（ＧＵＤＫ）溶液构象。在ＨＯＤＫ和ＦＰＤＫ中,ＴＤＫ肽的两段序列Ａｓｐ０－Ｉｌｅ４,Ｓｅｒ９－Ｉｌｉ１７分别具有较稳定的α－螺旋含量;而ＧＵＤＫ的ＳＡＬＳ序列仍能检测到有序残存结构。并假设ＳＡＬＳ序列是肽链形成二级结构的原始核心。     

HMR法研究天花粉蛋白TDK肽片段的溶液构象

用１ＨＮＭＲ法测定ＴＤＫ肽在Ｈ２Ｏ（ＨＯＤＫ）,５０％六氟丙醇（ＦＰＤＫ）和２ｍｏｌ／ＬＧｕ·ＨＣｌ（ＧＵＤＫ）中的溶液构象。在ＨＯＤＫ和ＦＰＤＫ中,ＴＤＫ肽的两段序列Ａｓｐ０～Ｉｌｅ４,Ｓｅｒ９～Ｉｌｅ１７分别具有较稳定的α－螺旋含量;而ＧＵＤＫ的ＳＡＬＳ序列仍能检测到有序残存结构。并假设ＳＡＬＳ序列是肽链形成二级结构的原始核心。     

NMR法研究天花粉蛋白T14肽片段的溶液构象

本文报道用１ＨＮＭＲ法测定Ｔ１４肽在ＤＭＳＯ（ＭＳ１４）,Ｈ２Ｏ（ＨＯ１４）,５０％甲醇（ＭＥ１４）和５０％六氟异丙醇（ＦＰ１４）中的溶液构象。通过ＮＯＥ效应,偶合常数,Ｈ／Ｄ交换速率表征和定位二级结构和疏水域,计算两面角φ和螺旋形成几率。结果表明序列Ｓｅｒ９～Ｔｌｅ１７在ＨＯ１４中较为有序,存在强流水作用。推测是类似螺旋样的亚稳结构;而在ＤＭＳＯ中序列ＳＡＬＳＫＱ存在形成α－螺旋结构的可能性,且六氟异丙醇（ＨＦＰ）促进α－螺旋的稳定性,并综合分析Ｈ２Ｏ,ＤＭＳＯ,ＭｅＯＨ和ＨＦＰ４种溶剂对Ｔ１４肽二级结构形成的作用。     

天花粉蛋白小结构域N端同源片段的溶液构象：T18肽的圆二色性和荧光研究

应用圆二色性,内源荧光和疏水荧光探针法进一步研究Ｔｌ８肽的溶液构象及其相互转化。发现Ｔ１８肽在水溶液中为β折叠结构,且在高浓度（＞１ｍｇ／ｍｌ）时形成疏水聚合物;Ｌｙｓ１５和Ｉｌｅ３－Ｉｌｅ４是形成β折叠疏水簇的关键因素。并讨论了蛋白质肽链和溶剂环境对肽段二级结构的调制作用。     

NMR法研天花粉蛋白T14肽片段的溶液构象

本文报道用ＨＮＭＲ法测定Ｔ１４肽在ＤＭＳＯ（ＭＳ１４）,Ｈ２Ｏ（ＨＯ１４）,５０％甲醇（ＭＥ１４）和５０％六氟异丙醇（ＦＰ１４）中的溶液构象。通过ＮＯＥ效应,偶合常数,Ｈ／Ｄ交换速率表征和定位二级结构和疏水域,计算两面角φ和螺旋形成几率。结果表明序列Ｓｅｒ９－Ｉｌｅ１７在ＨＯ１４中较为有序,存在强疏水作用,推测是类似螺旋样的亚稳结构;而在ＤＭＳＯ中序列ＳＡＬＳＫＱ存在形成α－螺旋结构的可能性,且六     

天花粉蛋白小结构域N端同源片段的溶液构象,T18肽的圆二色性…

应用圆二色性,内源荧光和疏水荧光探针法进一步研究Ｔ１８肽的溶液构象及其相互转化,发现Ｔ１８肽在水溶液中为β折叠结构,且在高浓度（〉１ｍｇ／ｍｌ）时形成疏水聚合物,Ｌｙｓ１５和Ｉｌｅ３－Ｉｌｅ４是形成β折叠疏水簇的关键因素,并讨论了蛋白质链和溶剂环境对肽段二级结构的调制作用。     

抗吗啡活性肽的分离纯化及一级结构测定

报道了一种新的具有抗吗啡镇痛活性的肽的分离纯化,并进行部分一级结构测定．狗脑先经醋酸提取,冷冻成干粉,然后上ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－５０和Ｓ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＦ．Ｆ柱,最后经ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ纯化,鉴定纯度后,测定其抗吗啡镇痛活性,通过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ法测得其分子量为８．９ｋＤ．氨基酸序列分析测得该肽的Ｎ端序列为：Ｖ－Ｉ－Ｓ－Ｖ－Ａ－Ｄ－Ｗ－Ｔ－Ｑ－Ｉ－Ｆ－Ｔ－Ｍ－Ｒ－Ｙ－Ｆ－Ｉ－Ｔ－Ｇ－Ｙ－Ｈ－Ｑ－Ｄ－Ｙ－Ｘ－Ｇ－Ｌ－Ｈ－Ｉ－Ｇ．经部分一级结构同源序列检索,未见与此有同源的蛋白质的报道,暂命名该肽为ＣＣ４肽     

大鼠TCF—a修饰16肽的溶液构象

已知大鼠ＴＧＦ－ａ的抗原部位于Ｃ环,且大鼠的ＴＧＦ－ａ（３４－４３）和ＴＧＦａ（４４－５０）均有较强的活性以转化正常细胞。为了提示其结构与功能关系,合成了大鼠ＴＧＦ－ａ修饰１６肽。在前文用二维核磁共振技术归属质子谱并验证其一级结构的基础上,本文测定了不同混合时间的二维ＮＯＥＳＹ谱。根据所得的数据原始斜率法求出距离约束。通过约束分子动力学计算定出该分子溶液构象。其中还用ＤＱＦ－ＣＯＳＹ的数据求出二面     

大鼠TGF－α修饰16肽的溶液构象

已知大鼠Ｔ０Ｆ－α的抗原部位干Ｃ环,且大鼠的ＴＧＦ—α（３４－４３）和ＴＧＦ－α（４４－５０）均有较强的活性以转化正常细胞。为了揭示其结构与功能关系,合成了大鼠ＴＧＦ－α修饰１６肽。在前文用二维核磁共振技术归属质子谱并验证其一级结构的基础上,本文测定了不同混合时间的二维ＮＯＥＳＹ谱。根据所得的数据因原始斜率法求出距离约束。通过约束分子动力学计算定出该分子的溶液构象。其中还用ＤＱＦ－ＣＯＳＹ的数据求出二面角作为决定溶液构象的参考。     

Chemoattraction of human T cells by IL-18

Cell locomotion is crucial to the induction of an effective immune response. We report here the chemoattraction of CD4(+) T cells by IL-18, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family. Recombinant IL-18 increased the proportion of T cells in polarized morphology in vitro and stimulated their subsequent invasion into collagen gels in an IL-18 concentration gradient-dependent manner. Immunofluorescent microscopy studies determined that the major cell type responding to IL-18 was IL-18R(+)CD4(+). Importantly, synovial CD4(+) T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis responded to IL-18, adopting polarized morphology and gel invasion without further activation ex vivo, indicating the physiologic relevance of our observations. Finally, injection of rIL-18 into the footpad of DBA/1 mice led to local accumulation of inflammatory cells. These data therefore demonstrate for the first time lymphocyte chemoattractant properties of a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and its relevance in inflammatory diseases.     

Role of CD11/CD18 in adhesion and transendothelial migration of T cells. Analysis utilizing CD18-deficient T cell clones.

The role of leukocyte function-associated Ag-1 (LFA-1) (CD11a/CD18) in T cell-endothelial cell (EC) interactions was assessed by utilizing CD11a/CD18-deficient T cell clones generated from a patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD). The ability of these clones to bind to and migrate through monolayers of EC in vitro was compared with that of clones generated in a similar manner from normal controls. The LAD clones bound to EC to a similar extent as the controls. The contribution of other cell surface adhesion molecules was assessed with mAb blocking experiments. It was found that part of the EC binding by these CD11a/CD18-deficient clones was mediated by an interaction of very late Ag-4 (VLA-4) with vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on the EC. In contrast to their normal ability to bind to EC, the capacity of the LAD clones to migrate through EC monolayers was significantly less than that of the control clones. This impairment in migration was not related to decreased intrinsic motility. Moreover, neither phorbol ester stimulation of the LAD clones nor IL-1 stimulation of the EC increased the capacity of the clones to migrate through EC monolayers, although binding to EC was augmented by both treatments. Only a minimal percentage of the migration of either control or LAD clones was inhibited by mAb to VLA-4 or VCAM-1. These data demonstrate that LFA-1 plays a central role in the transendothelial migration of T cells. In the absence of LFA-1, T cells retain the ability to bind to EC because of the activity of other receptor/ligand pairs, including VLA-4/VCAM-1. Finally, it is likely that, during both binding and transendothelial migration of T cells, additional cell surface molecules play a role.     

Pulmonary CCL18 recruits human regulatory T cells

CCL18 is both a constitutively expressed and an inducible chemokine, whose role in the inflammatory reaction is poorly known. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CCL18 has the capacity to attract human T cells with a regulatory function (regulatory T cells [Treg]). Results from chemotaxis assays performed on different types of Treg showed that CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low) cells, but neither T regulatory type 1 clones nor Treg differentiated in vitro with anti-CD3/CD46 mAbs, were recruited by CCL18 in a dose-dependent manner. CCL18-recruited memory CD4(+) T cells were enriched in CD25(high), CD25(+)CD127(low), latency-associated peptide/TGF-β1, and CCR4-expressing T cells, whereas there was no enrichment in Foxp3(+) cells as compared with controls. Stimulated CCL18-recruited memory T cells produced significantly increased amounts of the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1, as well as IL-4, but not IFN-γ and IL-17. Cell surface CCL18 binding was found predominantly on IL-10(+) (26.3 ± 5.8%) and on a few latency-associated peptide/TGF-β1(+) (18.1 ± 1.9%) and IL-4(+) (14.5 ± 2.9%) memory T cells. In an in vivo model of SCID mice grafted with human skin and reconstituted with autologous PBMCs, the intradermal injection of CCL18 led to the cutaneous recruitment of CD4(+), CD25(+), and IL-10(+) cells, but not Foxp3(+) cells. Furthermore, CCL18-recruited memory T cells inhibited the proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(-) effector T cells through an IL-10-dependent mechanism. These data suggest that CCL18 may contribute to maintaining tolerance and/or suppressing deleterious inflammation by attracting memory Tregs into tissues, particularly in the lung, where it is highly and constitutively expressed.     

Genetics of Sensitivity of Salmonella Species to Colicin M and Bacteriophages T5, T1, and ES18

Nearly all of 62 strains of Salmonella paratyphi B were sensitive to colicin M and phage T5 but resistant to phages T1 and ES18 and to colicin B. All tested S. typhimurium strains were resistant to colicin M and phage T5, and many were sensitive to phage ES18. A rough S. typhimurium LT2 strain given the tonA region of Escherichia coli or S. paratyphi B became sensitive to colicin M and phage T5. We infer that the tonA allele of S. paratyphi B, like that of E. coli, determines an outer membrane protein that adsorbs T5 and colicin M but not phage ES18, whereas the S. typhimurium allele determines a protein able to adsorb only ES18. The partial T1 sensitivity of a rough LT2 strain with a tonA allele from E. coli or S. paratyphi B and also the tonB(+) phentotype of an E. coli B trp-tonB Delta mutant carrying an F' trp of LT2 origin showed that S. typhimurium LT2 has a tonB allele like that of E. coli with respect to determination of sensitivity to colicins and phage T1. Rough S. paratyphi B, although T5 sensitive, remained resistant to T1 even when given F' tonB(+) of E. coli origin. Classes of Salmonella mutants selected as resistant to colicin M included: T5-resistant mutants, probably tonA(-); mutants unchanged except for M resistance, perhaps tolerant; and Exb(+) mutants, producing a colicin inhibitor (presumably enterochelin). Some Exb(+) mutants were resistant to a bacteriocin inactive on E. coli but active on all tested S. paratyphi B and S. typhimurium strains (and on nearly all other tested Salmonella). A survey showed sensitivity to colicin M in several other species of Salmonella.     

Complete genome sequence of Oscillibacter valericigenes Sjm18-20T (=NBRC 101213T)

Oscillibacter valericigenes is a mesophilic, strictly anaerobic bacterium belonging to the clostridial cluster IV. Strain Sjm18-20^T (=NBRC 101213^T =DSM 18026^T) is the type strain of the species and represents the genus Oscillibacter Iino et al. 2007. It was isolated from the alimentary canal of a Japanese corbicula clam (Corbicula japonica) collected on a seacoast in Shimane Prefecture in Japan. Phylogenetically, strain Sjm18-20^T is closest to uncultured bacteria in digestive tracts, including the enriched cells thought to represent Oscillospira guilliermondii Chatton and Perard 1913. The isolated phylogenetic position and some distinct characteristics prompted us to determine the complete genome sequence. The 4,410,036 bp chromosome and the 60,586 bp plasmid were predicted to encode a total of 4,723 protein-coding genes.     

Distinct effects of IL-18 on the engraftment and function of human effector CD8 T cells and regulatory T cells

IL-18 has pleotropic effects on the activation of T cells during antigen presentation. We investigated the effects of human IL-18 on the engraftment and function of human T cell subsets in xenograft mouse models. IL-18 enhanced the engraftment of human CD8(+) effector T cells and promoted the development of xenogeneic graft versus host disease (GVHD). In marked contrast, IL-18 had reciprocal effects on the engraftment of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the xenografted mice. Adoptive transfer experiments indicated that IL-18 prevented the suppressive effects of Tregs on the development of xenogeneic GVHD. The IL-18 results were robust as they were observed in two different mouse strains. In addition, the effects of IL-18 were systemic as IL-18 promoted engraftment and persistence of human effector T cells and decreased Tregs in peripheral blood, peritoneal cavity, spleen and liver. In vitro experiments indicated that the expression of the IL-18Ralpha was induced on both CD4 and CD8 effector T cells and Tregs, and that the duration of expression was less sustained on Tregs. These preclinical data suggest that human IL-18 may have use as an adjuvant for immune reconstitution after cytotoxic therapies, and to augment adoptive immunotherapy, donor leukocyte infusions, and vaccine strategies.     

Localization of the Fusobacterium nucleatum T18 adhesin activity mediating coaggregation with Porphyromonas gingivalis T22.

Adherence of pathogenic bacteria is often an essential first step in the infectious process. The ability of bacteria to adhere to one another, or to coaggregate, may be an important factor in their ability to colonize and function as pathogens in the periodontal pocket. Previously, a strong and specific coaggregation was demonstrated between two putative periodontal pathogens, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The interaction appeared to be mediated by a protein adhesin on the F. nucleatum cells and a carbohydrate receptor on the P. gingivalis cells. In this investigation, we have localized the adhesin activity of F. nucleatum T18 to the outer membrane on the basis of the ability of F. nucleatum T18 vesicles to coaggregate with whole cells of P. gingivalis T22 and the ability of the outer membrane fraction of F. nucleatum T18 to inhibit coaggregation between whole cells of F. nucleatum T18 and P. gingivalis T22. Proteolytic pretreatment of the F. nucleatum T18 outer membrane fraction resulted in a loss of coaggregation inhibition, confirming the proteinaceous nature of the adhesin. The F. nucleatum T18 outer membrane fraction was found to be enriched for several proteins, including a 42-kDa major outer membrane protein which appeared to be exposed on the bacterial cell surface. Fab fragments prepared from antiserum raised to the 42-kDa outer membrane protein were found to partially but specifically block coaggregation. These data support the conclusion that the 42-kDa major outer membrane protein of F. nucleatum T18 plays a role in mediating coaggregation with P. gingivalis T22.     

Surgical trauma-induced CCL18 promotes recruitment of regulatory T cells and colon cancer progression

Background: Surgical stress has been suggested to facilitate colon cancer growth and metastasis. However, the precise mechanisms by which surgical trauma promotes colon cancer progression remain poorly understood. Methods: To unravel the mechanisms underlying surgery-induced colon cancer progression, a syngenic transplantation tumor model was established with CT26 cells, and the effect of laparotomy on tumor progression was investigated. Especially, the expression of several chemokines was assessed, and their roles in recruiting CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) after surgery were analyzed. Results: Tregs population was significantly increased in the tumor tissue and peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice after laparotomy. C-C motif chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) expression was significantly upregulated after laparotomy in tumor tissue and the peritoneal cavity of tumor-bearing mice, and it was positively correlated with the recruitment of Tregs. Functionally, CCL18 knockdown significantly reduces tumor growth and angiogenesis compared with control. Through analysis of Tregs, we found an upregulated proportion of Tregs in tumor tissue, peritoneal cavity, and peripheral blood after laparotomy, but this enhancement was blocked after CCL18 knockdown. In patients with colon cancer, a higher Tregs proportion is positively correlated to more advanced clinical TNM stages and shorter survival. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the serum CCL18 level and the Treg proportion in clinical samples. Conclusion: Surgical trauma contributes to colon cancer progression by increasing CCL18 expression and hence promotes Treg recruitment, which leads to an immunosuppressive environment.     

Gene 18 protein of bacteriophage T7. Overproduction, purification, and characterization

Genetic and physical analyses indicate that gene 18 protein of bacteriophage T7 is essential for packaging of T7 DNA. T7 DNA is replicated via linear intermediates, culminating in the formation of concatemers many genomes in length which are then packaged into capsids. In infections with phage carrying amber mutations in gene 18, development is blocked at the concatemer stage. Biochemical studies on the role of gene 18 protein in concatemer processing and DNA packaging have been hampered by its low level of expression of gene 18 during T7 infections. We have cloned gene 18 on a plasmid downstream from the bacteriophage lambda PL promoter controlled by the temperature-sensitive lambda repressor encoded by c 1857. Thermal induction leads to the expression of the 10,000-Da gene 18 protein to the extent of approximately 10% of the total protein after 2 h. The overexpressed gene 18 protein is susceptible to proteolytic degradation, a condition that can be alleviated by expression in an Escherichia coli strain carrying the lon100 deletion which reduces production of protease La. Extracts of induced cells will complement an extract of T7-infected cells lacking gene 18 protein for packaging of exogenous T7 DNA. The assay has been used to monitor the purification of gene 18 protein to essential homogeneity. The identity of the purified protein has been confirmed by sequencing of the N terminus. Gel filtration analysis suggests that the native protein is an octomer. Treatment of gene 18 protein with 3 M guanidine hydrochloride denatures it to a monomer. Removal of the denaturing agent by dialysis regenerates the octomeric structure and the ability to complement packaging extracts.     

p18~(INK4C)调控小鼠T细胞的发育及功能

p18INK4C属于细胞周期蛋白激酶抑制剂,其突变或缺失与某些肿瘤的发生密切相关,如T细胞白血病,但目前关于p18调控T细胞发育及功能的研究还鲜有报道,其调控机制仍不明确.本研究利用p18基因敲除(p18KO)小鼠,系统地研究了胸腺中T细胞的早期发育及成熟T细胞的增殖和活化功能,并利用逆转录病毒的方法在Lin?造血干祖细胞上过表达p18,移植4个月后检测其对T细胞的影响.结果表明,p18的缺失对胸腺T细胞的早期发育影响不明显,但随着p18KO小鼠周龄的增加会促进CD4+CD8+双阳性T细胞的数量,此外,p18还通过影响CD3+成熟T细胞的细胞周期进程及IFN-?,GATA3,Tbx21和Foxp3等的表达增强脾脏T细胞的增殖和活化;进一步在造血干祖细胞上过表达p18后会影响T细胞的发育和成熟,进而纠正T细胞在数量上的异常.本研究阐释了p18在T细胞早期发育及后期活化中的调控机制,并证实可通过在干祖细胞水平改变p18的表达进而影响T细胞的分化,这对p18调控T细胞功能异常及参与T细胞白血病的发生提供了新的理论依据和重要的研究价值.