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土壤-植物系统复合污染研究进展 总被引:49,自引:7,他引:42
土壤-植物系统复合污染研究是污染生态学的科学前沿,对于农业环境的生态安全具有重要意义.本文对复合污染概念的由来及其内涵的发展、土壤-植物系统可能发生的复合污染类型及其研究进展、土壤-植物系统复合污染所导致的生态效应及其定量表征进行了较为系统的概述,提出了土壤-植物系统中重金属-有机污染物和有机污染物-病原微生物也是复合污染的重要类型.指出了多种污染物交互行为、次生产物及其老化、分子毒理机制等方面的研究是今后土壤-植物系统复合污染的研究重点.同时对复合污染的研究方法以及结果的应用进行了展望,为土壤污染的预警防治与修复提供依据。 相似文献
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土壤复合污染日益严重,危及植物生长及人类发展,寻找修复土壤复合污染的有效方法已经成为环境领域的优先事项。复合污染指同一环境中存在两种或两种以上的污染物,分为复合重金属污染、复合有机污染物污染及重金属-有机污染物复合污染。近些年发现内生菌能定殖在植物中,并且被感染的植物不会引起任何外在病症,其主要通过促进宿主植物生长,改变植物摄取污染物能力和酶促降解污染物等方法增强植物修复能力。本文综述了具有复合重金属和复合有机污染抗性的内生菌种类及其作用机制,并展望了内生菌协同宿主植物修复环境中复合污染物的研究方向。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根对有机污染土壤的修复作用及机理 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
丛枝菌根(AM)是丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与植物根系相互作用的互惠共生体,能改良土壤结构,增强植物抗性.自然界中已知的AMF有170多种,分布广泛,且可与大多数植物共生.利用AM修复有机污染土壤正成为一个崭新的研究方向.本文综述了AM对多环芳烃、酞酸脂、石油和农药等一些典型有机污染物污染土壤的修复作用.AM修复有机污染土壤的机理主要包括:AMF代谢有机污染物;AM分泌酶,降解污染物;AM影响根系分泌作用,并促进根际微生物对有机污染物的降解;AMF宿主植物吸收积累污染物.AM修复研究中,高效AMF的筛选、复合菌种效应、土壤老化、AM作用下植物对有机污染物的吸收积累等几方面仍有待于深入研究. 相似文献
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有机修复剂在重金属污染土壤修复中的应用 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
有机修复剂在重金属污染土壤修复中具有举足轻重的作用.本文结合国内外的研究成果和最新研究进展,从土壤重金属污染修复中有机修复剂应用的发展状况、应用机理、优缺点、影响因素以及成功实例等几个方面论述了国内外有机修复剂的研究现状,列举了几种应用较为广泛的有机修复剂(如氨基多羧基酸、有机酸、有机质、生物乳化剂等)的最新研究进展,总结了影响有机修复剂使用的主要因素,指出目前有机修复剂在实际应用中可能出现的问题,同时对今后的发展方向进行了展望. 相似文献
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多环芳烃(PAHs)和重金属是土壤环境中有机和无机污染物的典型代表,二者来源广泛且能在土壤中长期存在,极易造成复合污染。研究表明,PAHs和重金属共存时会发生复杂的相互作用,使复合污染土壤修复往往比单一污染土壤修复更加困难。生物修复具备成本低、不造成二次污染、适用于大范围修复等优势,是极具应用前景的PAHs和重金属复合污染土壤修复技术。本文总结了土壤中PAHs和重金属复合污染的分布特点及交互作用,对PAHs和重金属复合污染土壤生物修复技术作用机理及研究进展进行了综述,并对PAHs和重金属复合污染土壤生物修复技术的发展提出了展望。 相似文献
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Cd、Cr(Ⅵ)单一及复合污染对菹草叶绿素含量和抗气体酶系统的影响 总被引:20,自引:2,他引:18
主要研究了Cd、Cr(Ⅵ)单一及复合污染对菹草叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶系统的影响,研究结果表明:随Cd、Cr(Ⅵ)腔迫浓度的增加,菹草总叶绿素含量下降,单一Cd处理SOD活性下降,POD和CAT活性表现出先升后降的趋势,Cd、Cr(Ⅵ)复合污染的效应明显大于单一污染的效应。 相似文献
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N. Abdel-Raouf A.A. Al-Homaidan I.B.M. Ibraheem 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2012,19(3):257-275
Organic and inorganic substances which were released into the environment as a result of domestic, agricultural and industrial water activities lead to organic and inorganic pollution. The normal primary and secondary treatment processes of these wastewaters have been introduced in a growing number of places, in order to eliminate the easily settled materials and to oxidize the organic material present in wastewater. The final result is a clear, apparently clean effluent which is discharged into natural water bodies. This secondary effluent is, however, loaded with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus and causes eutrophication and more long-term problems because of refractory organics and heavy metals that are discharged. Microalgae culture offers an interesting step for wastewater treatments, because they provide a tertiary biotreatment coupled with the production of potentially valuable biomass, which can be used for several purposes. Microalgae cultures offer an elegant solution to tertiary and quandary treatments due to the ability of microalgae to use inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus for their growth. And also, for their capacity to remove heavy metals, as well as some toxic organic compounds, therefore, it does not lead to secondary pollution. In the current review we will highlight on the role of micro-algae in the treatment of wastewater. 相似文献
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大米草对有机汞的耐性、吸收及转化 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
大米草对营养液中氯化甲基汞(MeHgCl)毒性的临界浓度为15 uml/L,是烟草的3倍.氯化甲基汞处理后,植株体内有机汞总量在增加,而营养液中有机汞总量在减少,无机汞总量则明显增加.这些结果表明,大米草可以吸收有机汞,将有机汞部分地转化为无机汞,并且无机汞较多地积累在植株的地下部,同时有一部分通过扩散或分泌进入营养液中.大米草对汞的积累作用和把有机汞转化为无机汞的转化作用在环境污染的植物修复方面有重要的利用价值. 相似文献
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H. Postma 《Aquatic Ecology》1974,8(1-2):40-45
Conclusions The purpose of this paper was to show that the hydrochemistry of brackish waters is closely connected with the hydrographic conditions of these waters and that chemical transformations in estuaries may exert an influence on open ocean waters. It has also been shown that many of the processes involved need a much more detailed study. Obviously we know far too little about the transformations of organic matter in estuaries and we can only guess about the changes of many inorganic chemical species.Studies of the estuarine environment have a great urgency, since conditions are rapidly modified by pollution. In many rivers the input of organic matter from sewage and of inorganic materials from industrial processes has greatly increased. Even now already it is very doubtful whether a study of the river Rhine, for example, is still useful from a geochemical point of view. It may of course, be important as a basis for the prevention of further pollution, but for geochemical processes studies in unpolluted rivers will be much more significant.It is also necessary to study many brackish water environments because of their great variability and since one environment provides an insight that the other does not. 相似文献
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浑河河水及其沿岸地下水污染特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
选择沈阳地区重要河流浑河及其沿岸地下水进行定量分析,研究并探讨了包括无机物和有机物在内的水质综合污染特征。结果表明,浑河河水中氨氮、硝氮、亚硝氮和酚超过了地表水环境质量标准,最大超标倍数分别为15.8、1.5、82.4和1.8倍,检测出的11种卤代烃、氯苯和六六六等有机物均未超标。浑河沿岸地下水中氨氮、硝氮、亚硝氮、化学需氧量、酚和铅超过地下水质量标准,超标率分别为31.6%、10.5%、26.3%、36.8%、47.4%和26.8%,检测出的4种卤代烃和六六六等有机物均未超标。河水及其沿岸地下水中的污染物,尤其是有机污染物种类和浓度高值基本出现在城西的谟家—大祝断面之间。浑河水质主要受城市工业废水、居民生活污水排放的影响,沿岸地下水的污染来源包括工业生产或农村居民生活造成的地表污染物垂直入渗式的点源污染、浑河水侧向渗透补给式的线源污染以及农药化肥使用产生的面源污染,而有机污染物主要通过点源污染地下水。浑河各区段的使用功能、包气带岩性及沿岸水源地开采井布局等因素都为受污染的河水对沿岸几百米范围内的浅层地下水的补给提供了条件,造成浅层地下水的污染,对当地生态系统及人类健康构成潜在威胁。 相似文献
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Understanding plant-microbe interactions for phytoremediation of petroleum-polluted soil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Plant-microbe interactions are considered to be important processes determining the efficiency of phytoremediation of petroleum pollution, however relatively little is known about how these interactions are influenced by petroleum pollution. In this experimental study using a microcosm approach, we examined how plant ecophysiological traits, soil nutrients and microbial activities were influenced by petroleum pollution in Phragmites australis, a phytoremediating species. Generally, petroleum pollution reduced plant performance, especially at early stages of plant growth. Petroleum had negative effects on the net accumulation of inorganic nitrogen from its organic forms (net nitrogen mineralization (NNM)) most likely by decreasing the inorganic nitrogen available to the plants in petroleum-polluted soils. However, abundant dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was found in petroleum-polluted soil. In order to overcome initial deficiency of inorganic nitrogen, plants by dint of high colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi might absorb some DON for their growth in petroleum-polluted soils. In addition, through using a real-time polymerase chain reaction method, we quantified hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial traits based on their catabolic genes (i.e. alkB (alkane monooxygenase), nah (naphthalene dioxygenase) and tol (xylene monooxygenase) genes). This enumeration of target genes suggests that different hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria experienced different dynamic changes during phytoremediation and a greater abundance of alkB was detected during vegetative growth stages. Because phytoremediation of different components of petroleum is performed by different hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, plants' ability of phytoremediating different components might therefore vary during the plant life cycle. Phytoremediation might be most effective during the vegetative growth stages as greater abundances of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria containing alkB and tol genes were observed at these stages. The information provided by this study enhances our understanding of the effects of petroleum pollution on plant-microbe interactions and the roles of these interactions in the phytoremediation of petroleum-polluted soil. 相似文献
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铬渣堆放场地土壤的污染过程、影响因素及植物修复 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
铬渣堆放场地的土壤污染已成为重要的环境问题之一,并引起广泛关注。为了对铬渣堆场铬污染情况有更加详细的了解,本文对铬渣污染土壤的2个基本过程(铬渣中铬的水平迁移过程与垂直运移过程)、土壤有机质、pH、Eh和含水量、土壤类型及其无机胶体组成以及地下水运动方向等影响其迁移的因素进行了分析。在此基础上,对铬超积累植物的筛选、铬超积累植物的富集机制、铬渣堆场周围污染土壤的植物修复及其机理进行了概述。虽然目前对铬污染土壤的植物修复还处于起步阶段,但利用超积累植物对铬渣污染场地进行修复前景广阔。 相似文献