Culture and Rights after Culture and Rights

Building on a critical, theoretical approach outlined in Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives (Cowan et al. 2001a), I posit rights processes as complex and contradictory: Both enabling and constraining, they produce new subjectivities and social relations and entail unintended consequences. To encourage interdisciplinary engagement on these themes, I explore selected texts that consider the relationship between culture and rights, addressing two literatures: (1) debates on culture, rights, and recognition in the context of multiculturalism among political philosophers and (2) an emerging literature by anthropologists, feminists, critical legal scholars, and engaged practitioners analyzing empirical cases. Although political philosophers elucidate ethical implications and clarify political projects, an outmoded arsenal of theoretical concepts of "culture,""society," and "the individual" has hampered their debates. When accounts are both theoretically informed and empirically grounded, contradictions, ambiguities, and impasses of culture and rights are more fully explored and the liberal model of rights and multiculturalism is more open to interrogation.     

香蕉草的固体培养和液体培养

1　植物名称　香蕉草 (Nymphoidesaquatica)。2　材料类别　嫩叶片 ( youngleaves)。3　培养条件　丛生芽诱导和增殖固体培养基 :( 1 )MS+ 6 BA 2 .0mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) +NAA 0 .2 ;( 2 )MS + 6 BA 0 .5～ 3.0 +NAA 0 .2 ;( 3)MS + 6 BA0 .5～ 3.0 +IAA 0 .3;( 4 )MS + 6 BA 0 .5～ 3.0 +IBA 0 .3。丛生芽诱导和增殖液体培养基 :( 5 ) 1 /2MS + 6 BA 1 .0 +IAA 0 .3。生根培养基 :( 6)MS +IBA 0 .3+NAA 0 .2。以上培养基均附加 2 %白糖(sugar) ,0 .75 %的琼脂 (agar,液体培养基除外 ) ,pH5 .8,培养温度为 ( 2 5± 2 )…     

Culture evolves

Culture pervades human lives and has allowed our species to create niches all around the world and its oceans, in ways quite unlike any other primate. Indeed, our cultural nature appears so distinctive that it is often thought to separate humanity from the rest of nature and the Darwinian forces that shape it. A contrary view arises through the recent discoveries of a diverse range of disciplines, here brought together to illustrate the scope of a burgeoning field of cultural evolution and to facilitate cross-disciplinary fertilization. Each approach emphasizes important linkages between culture and evolutionary biology rather than quarantining one from the other. Recent studies reveal that processes important in cultural transmission are more widespread and significant across the animal kingdom than earlier recognized, with important implications for evolutionary theory. Recent archaeological discoveries have pushed back the origins of human culture to much more ancient times than traditionally thought. These developments suggest previously unidentified continuities between animal and human culture. A third new array of discoveries concerns the later diversification of human cultures, where the operations of Darwinian-like processes are identified, in part, through scientific methods borrowed from biology. Finally, surprising discoveries have been made about the imprint of cultural evolution in the predispositions of human minds for cultural transmission.     

培养基和培养条件与红豆杉细胞培养中褐化的关系

就近几年来通过培养基和培养条件的选择来控制和防止红豆杉细胞培养中的褐化问题作了介绍.     

红枫增殖生长培养基配方研究

目的:研究红枫组织培养中增殖阶段的培养基,以期筛选出最适增殖培养基配方,为最终建立红枫无毒快繁体系奠定基础。方法:以MS培养基为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的CPPU和6-BA,并以食用白砂糖代替分析纯蔗糖,对红枫进行增殖培养,比较生长状况。结果:CPPU和6-BA均能促进红枫单芽茎段的腋芽增殖,其中以CPPU的效果较好。结论:最适增殖培养基为(MS,30g/L蔗糖,6.5g/L琼脂,CPPU0.3mg/L,IBA0.05mg/L),可以用食用白砂糖代替分析纯蔗糖对腋芽进行增殖培养。     

Introduction: Culture Without Cultures—The Culture Effect

Anthropology has often been handmaiden to administrative and political activity that requires bounded social groups mapped onto territories and possessing defining characteristics such as language, values and behaviours. This introductory essay sets the scene for the papers in this Issue which show that actual sets of social relations in their particular places cannot easily be made to conform with this hermetic construct. Acknowledging this, post‐colonial theory has been driven to theorise borderlands, hybridisation and metissage, liminal and interstitial social spaces. Yet these necessarily reinforce and privilege primary concepts of the pure and the central, the bounded and situated. This paper places the hermetic view of culture in its formative period, which also saw the emergence of nationalism and scientific atomism. The paper proposes that positing pure and bounded cultures, even as an idealised abstraction, is an error of theory which is influenced by an attachment to metaphors of the material world, usually ‘Euclidean’. Finally, the paper explores ways that analyses of cultural interrelation, such as those in this Special Issue, can proceed without imagining a resulting ‘culture’, and what this may do for the political landscape of localised cultural rights.     

Evaluation of Four Blood Culture Systems Using Parallel Culture Methods

Commercially prepared Vacutainer thioglycolate broth with SPS (TBSPS), the B-D Vacutainer culture tube with SPS (VCT), the Pfizer E-Vac hypertonic brucella broth with SPS (BBSPS), and our own Trypticase-soy hypertonic broth with SPS (TSBH) were studied by parallel culture methods for their ability to allow the survival of a wide spectrum of organisms, their ability to allow recovery of organisms, and the time required to obtain a recovery from clinical blood cultures. Organisms considered to be clinically significant were recovered from 176 blood cultures. The TSBH system produced all 176 recoveries, the BBSPS system allowed for 170 recoveries, the TBSPS recovered 131, and the VCT accounted for 106 recoveries. The time required to recover any given organism from both the BBSPS and the TSBH systems did not exceed 48 h, whereas 86 of the 131 recoveries from the TBSPS system required more than 72 h and 74 of the 106 VCT recoveries also required more than 72 h. A wide spectrum of organisms were recovered from both the BBSPS and the TSBH systems. The TBSPS system failed to allow the recovery of many streptococci and Pseudomonas spp. and the VCT system failed to recover many organisms.     

离体鸡蛋参不定芽增殖条件筛选

以MS培养基为基本培养基,附加NAA 0.05 mg/L和不同浓度的6-BA、KT、ZT,并以食用白砂糖代替分析纯蔗糖,以自来水代替蒸馏水对鸡蛋参进行增殖培养,比较生长状况.结果表明,6-BA、KT、ZT均能促进鸡蛋参单芽茎段的增殖,其中以ZT的效果最好;最适增殖培养基为MS 蔗糖30 mg/L 琼脂5.5 g/L ZT 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.05 mg/L;可以以食用白砂糖代替分析纯蔗糖,以自来水代替蒸馏水对鸡蛋参进行增殖培养.     

Culture and Memory

This article presents the results of an investigation of cross-cultural mnemic processes among Moroccan and Ukrainian students, specifically, the effect of placement within a series (including on the right or left side of the visual field), the type of stimulus material (numbers, pictures, geometric figures, color, images of people), and exposure time on recall. The study identified universal and specific features of the recall process and demonstrated that cultural practices and types of activities—reading and writing left to right versus right to left, traditions of visually depicting humans, the form in which texts are displayed (different letterings, calligraphy) and so forth—can shape certain features of memory and recall.