UV—B辐射对小麦叶片H2O2代谢的影响

研究了温室种植的小麦在０（ＣＫ）、８．８２ｋＪ／ｍ＾２（Ｔ１）和１２．６ｋＪ／ｍ＾２（Ｔ２）三种剂量的紫外线Ｂ（ＵＶ－Ｂ）辐射下Ｈ２Ｏ２含量的变化及其机理。ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射下Ｈ２Ｏ２、还原型抗坏血酸（ＡｓＡ）和还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量增加,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡＰｘ）和谷胱甘肽不原酶（ＧＲ）活性升高,脂肪酸不饱和度指数（ＩＵＦＡ）降低。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ谱图没有质上的差异,但凝胶着色深浅有变化。分析     

增强UV-B辐射对小麦叶片内源ABA和游离脯氨酸的影响

研究温室种植的小麦在０（ＣＫ）、８．８２ＫＪ／ｍ＾２（Ｔ１）和１２．６ＫＪ／ｍ＾２（Ｔ２）３种剂量的ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射下其内源ＡＢＡ和游离脯氨酸含量的变化。ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射导致叶绿体膜脂脂肪酸配比改变和ＩＵＦＡ降低,叶片ＭＤＡ含量升高及ＡＢＡ和游离脯脯氨酸积累。分析表明,ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射对膜系统的损坏也许是内源ＡＢＡ和游离脯氨酸含量增加的原因之一,而后者也是植物抵抗ＵＶ－Ｂ胁迫所做出的适应性反应。     

增强UV—B辐射对蚕豆叶片微粒体膜一些性质的影响

温室条件下,用０,８．６５ｋＪｍ＾－２ｄ＾－１及１１．２ｋＪｍ＾－２ｄ＾－１不同剂量的ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射处理蚕豆幼苗。Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ及Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活性在辐射处理期间下降。在处理２１ｄ,Ｔ１和Ｔ２微粒体膜的ＭＤＡ含量明显高于对照,同时ＩＵＦＡ急剧下降,且呈明显的剂量效应。     

紫外光B辐射对菠菜叶片脂质过氧化作用的影响

菠菜（ＳｐｉｎａｃｉａｏｌｅｒａｃｅａＭｉｌ．）品种“华菠一号”生长在室内条件下,以０．０和１３．０ｋＪ·ｍ－２·ｄ－１的ＵＶＢ进行照射处理,研究了ＵＶＢ对菠菜叶片内类黄酮和脂质过氧化作用的影响。结果表明：ＵＶＢ辐射降低了菠菜的单株叶鲜重,诱导了体内吸收ＵＶＢ的类黄酮化合物的大量积累,并使可溶性蛋白含量与叶绿素含量下降。ＵＶＢ辐射能使菠菜叶片内Ｏ－·２及丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量大幅度上升,而使抗坏血酸（ＡｓＡ）含量下降。ＵＶＢ辐射能使菠菜叶片内过氧化物酶（ＰＯＸ）、ＳＯＤ的活性大幅度上升,而过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性仅略有增加。初步推测：ＵＶＢ辐射首先诱导菠菜叶片内Ｏ－·２的积累,并导致膜脂质过氧化作用,从而抑制菠菜生长。Ｏ－·２的积累能诱导抗氧化酶活性的上升,但抗氧化酶活性的上升和吸收ＵＶ的类黄酮化合物的积累并不能扭转ＵＶＢ对菠菜的伤害。     

UV—B及红光对大棚番茄品质的影响

冬季蓝色无谪膜塑料大棚内有效光合辐射（ＰＡＲ）和紫外Ｂ（ＵＶ－Ｂ）都比棚外低,给大棚番茄补充照射ＵＶ－Ｂ和红光。结果表明,红光可提高番茄果实糖、酸含量。高剂量ＵＶ－Ｂ（０．９５ｋｊ．ｍ＾－１．ｄ＾－１,０．７１ｋｊ．ｍ＾－２．ｄ＾－１）降低番茄红素Ｃ（Ｖｃ）的含量,低剂量ＵＶ０－Ｂ（０．５４ｋｊ．ｍ＾－１．ｄ＾－１,０．６５ｋｊ．ｍ＾－２．ｄ＾－１）可提高番茄红素和Ｖｃ含量。低剂量ｋｊ．ｍ＾－２．     

不同剂量的He—Ne激光对Raji细胞膜脂流动性的影响

本文采用荧光偏振法检测了不同剂量的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射法对Ｒａｊｉ细胞膜流动性的影响,发现了０．０１Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２和０．５１Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２两剂量可使膜脂微粘度降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）。即其膜脂流动性升高;１．０Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２和２．０Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２的剂量脂微粘度无明显影响,即其膜流动性无明显化（Ｐ〉０．０５）,而６．０２Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２的剂量可使膜微粘度明显上升（Ｐ〈０．０５）。即其膜流动性明显下降。     

紫外光B辐射增强对水稻叶片内IAA和ABA含量的影响

两个水稻品种ＣＫ４６和Ｄｕｌａｒ生长在人工气候箱的条件下,在０．０和１３．０ｋＪｍ＾－２ｄａｙ＾－１下进行４周的照射处理,研究ＵＶ－８对水稻体内内源ＩＡＡ和ＡＢＡ含量的影响。结果表明：随着ＵＶ－Ｂ处理时间的延长,ＣＫ４６和Ｄｕｌａｒ叶片内的ＩＡＡ含量下降。相反,ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射增强使两个品种叶片内的ＡＢＡ含量上升。     

铝和铝＋钙对小麦幼苗根尖质膜,液泡膜微囊ATP酶和膜流动性？…

研究了铝和铝＋＿钙对小麦功苗根尖质膜、液泡膜微囊Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性及共动力学参数和膜流动性的影响。在质膜和液泡膜微囊制剂中加入１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＡＩ＾３＋（ＡＩＣＩ３）时,Ｈ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ囊制剂中加入１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＡＩ＾３＋（ＡＩＣＩ３）时,Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活笥和酶促反应的Ｖｍａｘ及膜流动性下降,而酶     

增强UV—B辐射对菜豆蛋白质代谢的影响

模拟研究了温室条件下兰州地区臭氧层减薄２５ ％ 时增强的ＵＶＢ（２８０ ～３２０ ｎｍ） 辐射对菜豆（ Ｐｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ Ｌ．） 蛋白质代谢的影响。菜豆幼苗期,ＵＶＢ辐射（ＵＶＢＢＥ：１６ ｋＪ·ｍ －２·ｄ－１） 促进菜豆叶片中蛋白质的合成;菜豆生长后期,ＵＶＢ辐射则抑制蛋白质的合成,降低叶片中可溶性蛋白质的含量,促进蛋白水解酶活性的上升和总游离氨基酸的积累。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ分析表明,ＵＶＢ辐射使幼苗期菜豆叶片中８８ ｋＤ、７６ ｋＤ、４２ ｋＤ、３５ ｋＤ、３３ ｋＤ 多肽的含量上升;而在菜豆生长后期,ＵＶＢ辐射使大分子量多肽（７６ ｋＤ 以上） 的含量迅速下降,１０～１４ ｋＤ、２９ ｋＤ、３３ ｋＤ、３５ｋＤ的多肽含量上升。蛋白质代谢的这种变化可能是植物的一种适应性反应     

三丁基锡对人红细胞膜Na^＋,K^＋—ATPase活性的抑制作用

三丁基锡（ＴＢＴ）是人红细胞膜上Ｎａ＾＋,Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的一种抑制剂。该化合物对Ｎａ＾＋,Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ有很强的抑制能力。在正常的反应体系中,ＴＢＴ浓度仅为１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,该酶的活性全部丧失;其抑制Ｎａ＾＋,Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的ＩＣ５０值为２．２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ．Ｋ＾＋能增强ＴＢＴ的这种抑制作用,ＴＢＴ为Ｋ＾＋的反竞争性抑制剂。     

Detecting ultraviolet damage in single DNA molecules by atomic force microscopy

We report detection and quantification of ultraviolet (UV) damage in DNA at a single molecule level by atomic force microscopy (AFM). By combining the supercoiled plasmid relaxation assay with AFM imaging, we find that high doses of medium wave ultraviolet (UVB) and short wave ultraviolet (UVC) light not only produce cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) as reported but also cause significant DNA degradation. Specifically, 12.5 kJ/m(2) of UVC and 165 kJ/m(2) of UVB directly relax 95% and 78% of pUC18 supercoiled plasmids, respectively. We also use a novel combination of the supercoiled plasmid assay with T4 Endonuclease V treatment of irradiated plasmids and AFM imaging of their relaxation to detect damage caused by low UVB doses, which on average produced approximately 0.5 CPD per single plasmid. We find that at very low UVB doses, the relationship between the number of CPDs and UVB dose is almost linear, with 4.4 CPDs produced per Mbp per J/m(2) of UVB radiation. We verified these AFM results by agarose gel electrophoresis separation of UV-irradiated and T4 Endonuclease V treated plasmids. Our AFM and gel electrophoresis results are consistent with the previous result obtained using other traditional DNA damage detection methods. We also show that damage detection assay sensitivity increases with plasmid size. In addition, we used photolyase to mark the sites of UV lesions in supercoiled plasmids for detection and quantification by AFM, and these results were found to be consistent with the results obtained by the plasmid relaxation assay. Our results suggest that AFM can supplement traditional methods for high resolution measurements of UV damage to DNA.     

不同海拔地区紫外线B辐射状况及植物叶片紫外线吸收物质含量的分析

对不同海拔地区的太阳 UV- B辐射和植物叶片的光学特性进行了比较研究。结果表明 :位于高海拔地区的海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站 ,太阳 UV- B辐射明显高于相近纬度的西宁、兰州和南京地区。UV- B辐射与总辐射和 PAR的日变化规律相似 ,都受太阳高度角的直接影响 ,在当地太阳正午时最高。UV- B/Q的日变化也为单峰曲线 ,海北站地区的 UV- B/Q高于西宁的同期测定结果。对珠芽蓼等植物的研究表明 ,生长于海北站地区的珠芽蓼 ,其叶片中紫外线吸收物质的含量明显高于西宁的同种植物 ,也略高于海拔较高的达坂山和小达坂山山顶的同种植物。叶绿素含量以海北站珠芽蓼最低 ,达坂山和小达坂山的同种植物最高。珠芽蓼叶片中类胡萝卜素的含量以西宁最低 ,海北站、达坂山和小达坂山依次升高。海北站矮嵩草与从海北站移植到西宁生长 4年的同种植物相比 ,叶片中紫外线吸收物质、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素的变化与生长于两地区的珠芽蓼相同     

INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF PAR AND UV‐B RADIATION ON PSII ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN THE MARINE ALGA DUNALIELLA TERTIOLECTA (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1

To better understand the interactions between PAR and UV‐B radiation in microalgae, the marine chlorophyte alga Dunaliella tertiolecta was subjected to a UV‐B flux of 4.1 W·m ^{? 2} (unweighted) with varying PAR fluxes. Rate constants for damage and repair processes during UV‐B exposure increased with PAR flux. However, recovery after UV‐B exposure increased with PAR up to 300 μmol quanta·m ^{? 2}·s ^{? 1} 1 Received 17 September 2002. Accepted 19 February 2003. , beyond which photoinhibition of PSII electron transport was found to decrease recovery rates. In the absence of PAR during the post UV‐B exposure period, no recovery was seen, indicating that perhaps the lack of light available for photosynthesis depresses repair either directly or indirectly by affecting ATP synthesis. Possible mechanisms for the observed interactions between PAR and UV‐B exposure are discussed.     

Integration and scaling of UV‐B radiation effects on plants: from DNA to leaf

A process‐based model integrating the effects of UV‐B radiation through epidermis, cellular DNA, and its consequences to the leaf expansion was developed from key parameters in the published literature. Enhanced UV‐B radiation‐induced DNA damage significantly delayed cell division, resulting in significant reductions in leaf growth and development. Ambient UV‐B radiation‐induced DNA damage significantly reduced the leaf growth of species with high relative epidermal absorbance at longer wavelengths and average/low pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers (CPD) photorepair rates. Leaf expansion was highly dependent on the number of CPD present in the DNA, as a result of UV‐B radiation dose, quantitative and qualitative absorptive properties of epidermal pigments, and repair mechanisms. Formation of pyrimidine‐pyrimidone (6‐4) photoproducts (6‐4PP) has no effect on the leaf expansion. Repair mechanisms could not solely prevent the UV‐B radiation interference with the cell division. Avoidance or effective shielding by increased or modified qualitative epidermal absorptance was required. Sustained increased UV‐B radiation levels are more detrimental than short, high doses of UV‐B radiation. The combination of low temperature and increased UV‐B radiation was more significant in the level of UV‐B radiation‐induced damage than UV‐B radiation alone. Slow‐growing leaves were more affected by increased UV‐B radiation than fast‐growing leaves.     

增强的UV—B辐射对麦田生态系统Mg和Zn累积和循环的影响

近 2 0多年以来 ,ＵＶ Ｂ辐射增加对植物个体的影响受到了广泛的关注 ,而对植物群体和生态系统的影响仍然知道的很少[2 ] 。仅见ＵＶ Ｂ辐射对副极地石南灌丛和沙丘草地生态系统物种结构、生长、物候和叶分解等方面有报道[3,4 ] 。ＵＶ Ｂ辐射影响植物Ｍｇ和Ｚｎ吸收和运转[5～ 7] ,但对营养累积和物质循环的影响了解甚少[3] 。因此 ,大田条件下 ,植物群体和生态系统水平的营养累积和物质循环对ＵＶ Ｂ辐射的响应与反馈的研究 ,对于真实评估ＵＶ Ｂ辐射对生态系统的影响是必不可少的[2 ] 。ＵＶ Ｂ辐射对春小麦生长、生理、群体结构、植物营…     

Higher amounts of anthocyanins and UV-absorbing compounds effectively lowered CPD photorepair in purple rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Growth of a near‐isogenic line (NIL) for the purple leaf gene Pl of rice with a genetic background of Taichung 65 (T‐65) rice was significantly retarded by supplementary ultraviolet‐B radiation (UV‐B), despite the fact that the amounts of UV‐absorbing compounds and anthocyanins in NIL were significantly higher than those in T‐65. In order to understand the role of flavonoids in UV‐B induced damage protection in T‐65 and the NIL, both the (1) relationships between changes in the steady state of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) levels and changes in accumulation of anthocyanins and UV‐absorbing compounds in leaves with leaf age, and (2) the susceptibility to CPD induction by UV‐B radiation and the ability to photorepair CPD were examined. Although supplementary UV‐B elevated the steady state of CPD levels in leaves in both strains, the level in the leaf of the NIL was higher than that in T‐65 at any time. The susceptibility to CPD induction by short‐term (challenge) UV‐B exposure was lower in the NIL than in T‐65. On the other hand, the CPD photorepair was also lower in the leaves of the NIL than in those of T‐65. The decrease in CPD‐photorepair in the NIL was due to a lowering of the leaf‐penetrating blue/UV‐A radiation, which is effective for photoreactivation by photolyase, by anthocyanins. Thus, accumulation of anthocyanins and UV‐absorbing compounds did not effectively function as screening against damage caused by elevated UV‐B radiation in the NIL, and the retardation of growth in the NIL resulted from its lower ability to photorepair CPD by higher amounts of anthocyanins.     

UV-B辐射对蚕豆叶膜脂过氧化的影响及其机制

温室种植的吞豆在0（CK）,8．82kJ/m2(T1)和12．6kJ/m2(T2)3种剂量的紫外线B（UV－B）辐射引起膜脂变化及其机制的研究结果表明,UV0B处理后,蚕豆叶片中丙二醛（MDA）和H2O2含量升高,膜脂肪酸不饱和度指数（IUFA）降低,脂氧合酶（LOX）活性升高,超氧歧化酶（SOD）活性稍有波动,而3种多胺－腐胺（Put)精胺（Spd)和尸胺（Spn)在照射7天后均有积累,但在处理后期（21d)有所回落,推测由LOX主导的酶促膜过氧化作用和氧自由基引起的非酶促过作用在膜结构的破坏中起重要作用,SOD活性和多胺含量的变化蚕豆对UV－B胁迫的一种适应性生理反应。     

In vitro effects of pulsed near-ultraviolet laser exposure on human larynx carcinoma cells.

Effects of pulsed near-ultraviolet laser beam on structural characteristics and macromolecular synthesis of carcinoma HEp2 cells were investigated. Laser irradiation damage induced in these eukaryotic cells could be characterized by two development stages: a) a reversible stage with minor morphological damages (1.5 kJ/m2) and 2) an irreversible one, at higher fluences, characterized by cellular membrane damage, necrobiosis and cells detachment from the substrate (4.5 kJ/m2). A. Studies performed referring to macromolecular syntheses of low laser fluences (1.5 kJ/m2)--irradiated HEp2 cells showed the following aspects: a) syntheses inhibiton phase in the first cycles of cellular replication and b) syntheses stimulation phases in the following cycle with total repair of laser-induced molecular lesions. B. At high laser fluences (3-4.5 kJ/m2), metabolic lesions repair was partially or totally blocked after prolonged culturing at 37 degrees C. Ths paper suggests some mechanisms of laser action on macromolecular synthesis and correlates them with morphological changes induced by laser exposure of carcinoma cells.     

Selection in vitro for UV-tolerant sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) somaclones

With a reduced stratospheric ozone concentration, the generation of UV-tolerant plants may be of particular importance. Among different crop plants there is large variation in sensitivity to UV-B radiation. This study was undertaken to investigate the possibilities of using somaclonal variation and selection in vitro for improving UV-B tolerance in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Sugar beet callus was exposed to UV radiation (280–320 nm, 0.863–5.28 kJ m^-2 day^-1, unweighted) and resultant shoots were selected from surviving cells. After establishment of the plants, they were grown under either visible radiation (114 μmol m^-2 s^-1 PAR) or with the addition of UV radiation (6.3 kJ m^-2 day^-1 biologically effective UV-B). Screening of regenerants in vivo for tolerance to UV radiation was undertaken 10 months after termination of the UV selection pressure. Screening was done visually and by using a number of physiological parameters, including chlorophyll fluorescence induction, ultraweak luminescence, pigment analysis and total content of UV-screening pigments. A clear difference between the unselected and the UV-selected somaclones was observed when visually studying the UV damage and other leaf injury. The observations were supported by the ultraweak luminescence measurements. Unselected plants showed significantly greater damage when subjected to subsequent UV radiation as compared to the selected plants. The clones subjected to UV selection pressure displayed a significantly higher concentration of UV-screening pigments under subsequent UV radiation. The unselected plants under subsequent UV treatment showed a lower carotenoid concentration when compared to selected plants. However, no significant difference between treatments was found for chlorophyll a/b, or F/F_max, a measure of photosynthetic quantum yield.     

Effectivity of bacterial repair systems in near UV radiation-induced damage

Inactivation of seven strains derived fromEscherichia coli B differing in their capacity to repair damage to their DNA (exc, pol, rec) after irradiation with far (254 nm) and middle and near (300 to 380 and 320–400 nm) UV light was investigated. The same bacterial strains were also used as hosts for the UV-irradiated pliage T7. The damage induced in bacteria and the phage by the near UV radiation was repaired only to a lesser extent by the investigated repair mechanisms or was not repaired at all.