ToxR负调控副溶血弧菌中c-di-GMP的合成

副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是世界范围内引起海产品相关食物中毒的主要致病菌,具有很强的生物膜形成能力。ToxR是一种膜结合调控蛋白,对副溶血弧菌生物膜形成具有一定的调控作用,但具体机制尚未见报道。c-di-GMP是一种普遍存在于细菌中重要的第二信使,参与调控细菌的多种生物学行为包括生物膜的形成。本文探究ToxR对副溶血弧菌中c-di-GMP代谢的调控作用。利用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定副溶血弧菌野生株(wild-type,WT)和toxR突变株(ΔtoxR)中c-di-GMP水平的差异。挑选c-di-GMP代谢相关基因scrA、scrG和vpa0198为进一步研究的靶标,采用实时定量qPCR实验检测靶基因在WT和ΔtoxR中的转录水平差异;将靶基因调控区DNA序列克隆入pHRP309质粒中无启动子的β半乳糖苷酶基因上游,采用lacZ报告基因融合实验进一步研究ToxR对靶基因的转录调控关系;将重组质粒分别导入含有pBAD33或pBAD33-toxR的EC100lpir中,采用lacZ报告基因融合实验研究ToxR是否能在异体宿主中调控靶基因的表达;PCR扩增靶基因上游调控区DNA序列,并纯化His-ToxR蛋白,用凝胶阻滞实验(electrophoresis mobility shift assay,EMSA)研究His-ToxR与靶基因启动子区DNA序列是否具有结合作用。ELISA结果显示ΔtoxR中c-di-GMP含量显著性高于WT中的,说明ToxR抑制c-di-GMP的产生;实时定量qPCR结果表明WT中scrA、scrG和vpa0198的转录水平显著性高于ΔtoxR中的,表明ToxR抑制它们的转录;lacZ报告基因融合实验结果表明ToxR可抑制副溶血弧菌和EC100lpir中scrA、scrG和vpa0198的启动子区活性;EMSA实验显示His-ToxR能特异性地结合到scrA和scrG的上游调控区DNA序列上,而对vpa0198的上游调控区DNA序列无结合作用。综上所述,ToxR通过直接调控相关酶蛋白基因的转录来抑制副溶血弧菌内c-di-GMP的合成,从而有助于精确调控生物膜形成等细菌行为。     

副溶血弧菌拟核相关蛋白H-NS间接抑制VP1687-1686的启动子区转录

为了探讨副溶血弧菌拟核相关蛋白H-NS对Ⅲ型分泌系统(T3SS) VP1687-1686基因位点的转录调控,本研究提取副溶血弧菌hns突变株(Δhns)和野生株(WT)的总RNA,采用引物延伸实验研究靶基因的转录起始位点,并根据产物的丰度判断H-NS对靶基因的调控关系;采用实时定量RT-PCR研究靶基因mRNA在WT和Δhns中转录丰度,以判定H-NS对靶基因的转录调控关系;将靶基因启动子区域DNA序列克隆至lacZ基因上游,将重组质粒转入WT和Δhns中,得到相应的LacZ菌株,通过LacZ报告基因融合实验研究H-NS对靶基因的调控关系;用PCR扩增靶基因的启动子区DNA序列,并纯化His-H-NS蛋白,通过凝胶阻滞实验(EMSA)研究His-H-NS是否对靶基因启动子区具有直接的结合作用。研究结果显示,T3SS的VP1687-1686只含有一个转录起始位点,位于翻译起始位点上游82 bp处,且H-NS能够抑制其转录活性,但不能直接结合到VP1687-1686区的启动子区。另外,H-NS对calR的转录无调控作用,His-H-NS也不能结合到其启动子区。本研究的结果初步说明,H-NS能够间接抑制VP1687-1686的转录,该抑制机制与CalR无关联。     

副溶血弧菌拟核相关蛋白H-NS间接抑制VP1687-1686的启动子区转录

为了探讨副溶血性弧菌拟核相关蛋白H-NS对Ⅲ型分泌系统(T3SS) VP1687-1686基因位点的转录调控,本研究提取副溶血弧菌hns突变株(Δhns)和野生株(WT)的总RNA,采用引物延伸实验研究靶基因的转录起始位点,并根据产物的丰度判断H-NS对靶基因的调控关系;采用实时定量RT-PCR研究靶基因mRNA在WT和Δhns中转录丰度,以判定H-NS对靶基因的转录调控关系;将靶基因启动子区域DNA序列克隆至lacZ基因上游,将重组质粒转入WT和Δhns中,得到相应的LacZ菌株,通过LacZ报告基因融合实验研究H-NS对靶基因的调控关系;用PCR扩增靶基因的启动子区DNA序列,并纯化His-H-NS蛋白,通过凝胶阻滞实验(EMSA)研究His-H-NS是否对靶基因启动子区具有直接的结合作用。研究结果显示,T3SS的VP1687-1686只含有一个转录起始位点,位于翻译起始位点上游82 bp处,且H-NS能够抑制其转录活性,但不能直接结合到VP1687-1686区的启动子区。另外,H-NS对calR的转录无调控作用,His-H-NS也不能结合到其启动子区。本研究的结果初步说明,H-NS能够间接抑制VP1687-1686的转录,该抑制机制与CalR无关联。     

转录组分析罗伯茨绿僵菌精胺合成酶MrSPS介导真菌血腔定殖功能

【背景】精胺在植物应对逆境胁迫、动物抵抗疲劳和衰老、真菌生长代谢等过程中发挥重要作用,但目前在昆虫病原真菌中的研究未见报道。【目的】在分子水平上探究罗伯茨绿僵菌精胺合成关键酶——精胺合成酶在昆虫血腔定殖中的作用机制。【方法】显微注射法测定Mrsps敲除株ΔMrsps的致病力变化,并观察血腔中ΔMrsps生长状态;收集ΔMrsps和野生型WT注射侵染30 h后的大蜡螟血淋巴进行转录组测序,分别与罗伯茨绿僵菌和大蜡螟参考基因组进行比对分析,并结合定量PCR进行验证。【结果】与WT和回补株ΔMrsps-cp相比较,ΔMrsps致病力显著下降,而且随着注射浓度的降低,ΔMrsps致病力下降越显著。侵染36 h后WT和ΔMrsps孢子都能正常萌发且开始以类酵母状态生长,60 h后,相较于WT,ΔMrsps的生长繁殖数量较少。转录组共检测到3 202个罗伯茨绿僵菌基因,其中1 769个基因在ΔMrsps中表达上调,922个基因表达下调;差异表达基因涉及碳水化合物代谢、运输、分解代谢、翻译和氨基酸代谢等多条途径;筛选出28个血腔致病相关基因全部在ΔMrsps中表达下调;定量PCR检测发现在整个血腔定殖阶段免疫逃避蛋白Mcl1基因和血腔定殖Colonization of hemocoel 1基因在WT和ΔMrsps-cp中的表达量高于ΔMrsps。共检测到13 249个大蜡螟基因,其中4 026个差异表达基因;KEGG注释分析显示大量差异表达基因富集到内分泌系统和免疫系统等途径;深入分析发现22个差异表达基因归属于Toll和Imd信号通路,其中18个基因在ΔMrsps侵染的大蜡螟中表达上调,表明ΔMrsps侵染大蜡螟过程中更易引起免疫系统的激活。【结论】揭示了Mrsps在罗伯茨绿僵菌血腔定殖阶段作用的分子机制,为进一步揭示精胺在真菌中的作用机理提供了理论基础。     

副溶血弧菌LacZ报告基因融合实验方法的建立与应用

目的:建立副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)的LacZ报告基因融合实验方法。方法:PCR扩增靶基因的整个启动子区序列,并将其直接克隆入pHRP309质粒中,构建重组质粒;将重组质粒VPA1513转入VP野生株(WT)和opaR突变株(ΔopaR)中,而后通过比较两者β半乳糖苷酶活性的差异,确定OpaR对VPA1513的调控关系,以检验实验的稳定性。结果:构建出9个VP生物膜或毒力相关基因的LacZ重组质粒;OpaR对VPA1513的转录具有抑制作用。结论:建立了VP的LacZ报告基因融合实验方法,为后续转录调控机制的研究奠定了基础。     

LCRG1基因启动子关键顺式调节元件的鉴定

LCRG1基因( laryngeal carcinoma related gene1,LCRG1 )是一个新的喉癌候选抑瘤基因,其转录调控机制一直未被阐明．通过限制性内切酶酶切介导对LCRG1基因 (-169～+127)区域进行剪切体分析,将LCRG1基因最小启动子定位于-169～-57．应用连接体扫描突变体分析,将关键顺式作用元件确定在-137～-122．生物信息学提示该区存在SP1、E2F1/DP1、EKLF和ZF9转录因子结合位点．利用已知反式作用因子与报告基因质粒进行共转染,提示Spl为有效的反式作用因子,且能上调LCRG1基因的表达．凝胶迁移阻滞实验确定LCRG1基因关键的顺式作用元件区域具有Spl结合位点．LCRG1基因启动子-137～-122片段在该基因表达过程中可能起重要作用,为LCRG1基因功能研究提供了新的证据．     

PC-1分子转录激活功能研究

PC-1基因是在人前列腺癌细胞中克隆的新基因,表达水平随前列腺癌恶性程度增加而升高,其表达产物具有转录因子的一些特征.为研究PC-1分子的转录激活功能,首先应用酵母双杂交系统将PC-1全长以及不同区段的cDNA克隆到表达载体pAS2-1中,然后分别转化酵母细胞株CG-1945. lacZ和His3报告基因激活的检测结果表明,该分子具有转录激活活性并将该活性定位于N端的46个氨基酸区域.此外,将PC-1分子不同区段的cDNA分别克隆至表达载体pZHO1中,将它们与报告基因质粒pTRE-luc共转染哺乳动物细胞COS7和C4-2,Firefly荧光素酶相对活性的检测结果表明,该分子N端的46个氨基酸区域具有转录激活活性.     

耻垢分枝杆菌中一个TetR家族转录因子负调控异烟肼的敏感性

[目的] 研究TetR家族转录因子Ms0606对耻垢分枝杆菌耐药性的调控作用。[方法] 首先,通过测定生长曲线检测Ms0606在分枝杆菌耐药性中的调控作用;通过凝胶迁移阻滞实验和DNase I足迹法鉴定转录因子Ms0606识别的保守序列,进而探究其潜在的靶基因;其次,利用逆转录-qPCR和β-半乳糖苷酶活性实验检测Ms0606对靶基因Ms0608的调控作用,进一步探讨Ms0606调控分枝杆菌耐药性的分子机制。[结果] 与野生型菌株相比,Ms0606超表达菌株对异烟肼表现为敏感,Ms0606敲除菌株对异烟肼表现为抗性;Ms0606可以识别其自身操纵子上游区域内保守的22 bp回文序列,利用回文序列搜索耻垢分枝杆菌的基因组,发现Ms0606可能调控5个潜在靶基因;逆转录-qPCR和β-半乳糖苷酶活性实验显示Ms0606作为抑制子负调控Ms0608的表达,这可能会影响分枝杆菌对药物的耐药性。[结论] 鉴定了一种新的由Ms0606编码的耻垢分枝杆菌的TetR家族转录调控因子,该因子可调节分枝杆菌对异烟肼的敏感性,并进一步探讨其对靶基因的调控功能及对分枝杆菌耐药性的调控机制。     

不同遗传背景下QsvR调控副溶血弧菌基因表达的转录组分析

【背景】OpaR是副溶血弧菌群体感应系统的核心调控因子;QsvR是AraC家族转录调控因子,与OpaR之间具有相互调控作用;此外,QsvR对基因表达的调控作用受OpaR的影响,但是影响程度并未完全阐明。【目的】探究在野生株(wild-type,WT)和opaR基因突变株(ΔopaR)的遗传背景下QsvR的转录调控元,分析Opa R对QsvR基因表达调控的影响。【方法】分别以WT和ΔopaR为参照,采用Illumina HiSeq测序平台进行比较转录组学研究,分析生物膜形成条件下qsv R基因突变株(Δqsv R)和Δqsv RΔopaR的基因表达情况。【结果】在WT遗传背景下,QsvR共调控1735个基因的转录(调控元1),其中被激活的基因有855个,被抑制的基因有880个;在ΔopaR遗传背景下,QsvR共调控1 187个基因的转录(调控元2),其中被激活的基因有533个,被抑制的基因有654个。调控元1和调控元2之间共有517个重叠基因,且QsvR对绝大多数重叠基因的调控关系相反。基因属性分类(gene ontology, GO)数据库富集分析结果显示,调控元1和调控元2中分别有4...     

H-NS蛋白对副溶血弧菌hcp1的转录调控

【目的】研究调控子H-NS对副溶血弧菌T6SS1结构蛋白基因hcp1的转录调控机制。【方法】利用Western blot检测Hcp1蛋白在野生株(WT)和hns基因敲除株(Δhns)中表达水平的差异。提取WT和Δhns的总RNA,采用实时定量RT-PCR的方法验证H-NS对hcp1的转录调控关系。进而采用引物延伸实验研究hcp1的转录起始位点,并根据产物的丰度判断H-NS对hcp1的调控关系。PCR扩增hcp1的整个启动子区DNA序列,并纯化His-H-NS蛋白,通过凝胶阻滞实验(EMSA)验证His-H-NS对hcp1启动子区是否具有直接的结合作用。【结果】Western blot和实时定量RT-PCR结果显示H-NS能抑制hcp1的表达;引物延伸结果显示hcp1只有一个转录起始位点T(–62)(翻译起始位点为+1),且其转录活性是H-NS和σ54依赖性的;EMSA实验表明H-NS对hcp1的启动子区具有直接的结合作用。【结论】H-NS能直接结合到hcp1启动子区而抑制其转录表达。     

Ethylene biosynthesis in Regnellidium diphyllum and Marsilea quadrifolia

The pathway of ethylene biosynthesis was examined in two lower plants, the semi-aquatic ferns Regnellidium diphyllum Lindm. and Marsilea quadrifolia L. As a positive control for the ethylene-biosynthetic pathway of higher plants, leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. were included in each experiment. Ethylene production by Regnellidium and Marsilea was not increased by treatment of leaflets with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene in higher plants. Similarly, ethylene production was not inhibited by application of aminoethoxyvinylglycine and -aminoisobutyric acid, inhibitors of the ethylene biosynthetic enzymes ACC synthase and ACC oxidase, respectively. However, ACC was present in both ferns, as was ACC synthase. Compared to leaves of Arabidopsis, leaflets of Regnellidium and Marsilea incorporated little [¹⁴C]ACC and [¹⁴C]methionine into [¹⁴C]ethylene. From these data, it appears that the formation of ethylene in both ferns occurs mainly, if not only, via an ACC-independent route, even though the capacity to synthesize ACC is present in these lower plants.Abbreviations ACC 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid - AdoMet S-adenosyl-l-methionine - AIB -aminoisobutyric acid - AVG aminoethoxyvinylglycine This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through grant No. DE-FG02-91ER20021 and, in part, by a fellowship of the National Engineering and Research Council of Canada to Jacqueline Chernys.     

Actinotrichia collagens and their role in fin formation

The skeleton of zebrafish fins consists of lepidotrichia and actinotrichia. Actinotrichia are fibrils located at the tip of each lepidotrichia and play a morphogenetic role in fin formation. Actinotrichia are formed by collagens associated with non-collagen components. The non-collagen components of actinotrichia (actinodins) have been shown to play a critical role in fin to limb transition. The present study has focused on the collagens that form actinotrichia and their role in fin formation. We have found actinotrichia are formed by Collagen I plus a novel form of Collagen II, encoded by the col2a1b gene. This second copy of the collagen II gene is only found in fishes and is the only Collagen type II expressed in fins. Both col1a1a and col2a1b were found in actinotrichia forming cells. Significantly, they also expressed the lysyl hydroxylase 1 (lh1) gene, which encodes an enzyme involved in the post-translational processing of collagens. Morpholino knockdown in zebrafish embryos demonstrated that the two collagens and lh1 are essential for actinotrichia and fin fold morphogenesis. The col1a1 dominant mutant chihuahua showed aberrant phenotypes in both actinotrichia and lepidotrichia during fin development and regeneration. These pieces of evidences support that actinotrichia are composed of Collagens I and II, which are post-translationally processed by Lh1, and that the correct expression and assembling of these collagens is essential for fin formation. The unique collagen composition of actinotrichia may play a role in fin skeleton morphogenesis.     

Glutathione S-Transferase M1, T1, P1 Genotypes and Risk for Development of Colorectal Cancer

The glutathione S-transferase (GST) supergene family is an important part of cellular enzyme defense against endogenous and exogenous chemicals, many of which have carcinogenic potential. The present investigation was conducted to detect a possible association between polymorphisms at the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes and the interaction with cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer incidence. We examined 181 patients with colorectal cancer and 204 controls. DNA was extracted from whole blood, and the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms were determined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence resonance energy transfer with a Light-Cycler instrument. Associations between specific genotypes and the development of colorectal cancer were examined by use of logistic regression analysis to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The GSTM1 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.06–2.46). Also the risk of colorectal cancer associated with the GSTT1 null genotype was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.10–2.59). Statistically no differences were found between patients with colorectal cancer and control groups for the GSTP1 Ile/Ile, Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes. In addition, the frequencies of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion genotypes differed significantly between the cases and controls for current smokers; the GSTT1 null genotype especially is associated with a greater risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.24–4.81). The GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions were associated with an increased risk of developing a transverse or rectal tumor (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.15–3.00; OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.02–2.84; respectively). The glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms were not associated with risk in patients stratified by age. The risk of colorectal cancer increased as putative high-risk genotypes increased for the combined genotypes of GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and either GSTP1 valine heterozygosity or GSTP1 valine homozygosity (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.02–7.11). In conclusion, the results obtained in this study clearly suggest that those susceptibility factors related to different GST polymorphic enzymes are predisposing for colorectal cancer.     

Rescue of the fission yeast snRNA synthesis mutant snm1 by overexpression of the double-strand-specific Pac1 ribonuclease

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe temperature-sensitive mutant snm1 maintains reduced steady-state quantities of the spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and the RNA subunit of the tRNA processing enzyme RNase P. We report here the isolation of the pac1 ⁺ gene as a multi-copy suppressor of snm1. The pac1 ⁺ gene was previously identified as a suppressor of the ran1 mutant and by its ability to cause sterility when overexpressed. The pac1 ⁺ gene encodes a double-strand-specific ribonuclease that is similar to RNase III, an RNA processing and turnover enzyme in Escherichia coli. To investigate the essential structural features of the Pac1 RNase, we altered the pac1 ⁺ gene by deletion and point mutation and tested the mutant constructs for their ability to complement the snm1 and ran1 mutants and to cause sterility. These experiments identified four essential amino acids in the Pac1 sequence: glycine 178, glutamic acid 251, and valines 346 and 347. These amino acids are conserved in all RNase III-like proteins. The glycine and glutamic acid residues were previously identified as essential for E. coli RNase III activity. The valines are conserved in an element found in a family of double-stranded RNA binding proteins. Our results support the hypothesis that the Pac1 RNase is an RNase III homolog and suggest a role for the Pac1 RNase in snRNA metabolism.     

A new yeast gene, HTR1, required for growth at high temperature, is needed for recovery from mating pheromone-induced G1 arrest

A new temperature-sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated. Arrested cells grown at the nonpermissive temperature were of dumb-bell shape and contained large vacuoles. A DNA fragment was cloned based on its ability to complement this temperature sensitivity. The HTR1 gene encodes a putative protein of 93 kDa without significant homology to any known proteins. The gene was mapped between ade5 and lys5 on the left arm of chromosome VII. The phenotype of the gene disruptant appeared to be strain-specific; disruption of the gene in strain W303 caused the cells to become temperature sensitive. The arrested phenotype here was similar to that of the original is mutant and cells in G2/M phase predominated at high temperature. Another disruptant in a strain YPH background grew slowly at high temperature due to slow progression through G2/M phase, and morphologically abnormal (elongated) cells accumulated. A single-copy suppressor that alleviated the temperature-sensitive defects in both strains was identified as MCS1/SSD1. The wild-type strains W303 and YPH are known to carry defective MCS1/SSD1 alleles; hence HTR1 may function redundantly with MCS1/SSD1 to suppress the temperature-sensitive phenotypes. In addition, based on a halo bioassay, the disruptant strains appeared to be defective in recovery from, or adaptive response to G1 arrest mediated by mating pheromone, even at the permissive temperature. Thus the gene has at least two functions and is designated HTR1 (required for high temperature growth and recovery from G1 arrest induced by mating pheromone).     

拟南芥At1g10300基因调节叶形和开花时间

核仁G蛋白1(Nucleolar G protein 1,NOG1)是一种高度保守的核仁GTP酶,在真核生物中广泛存在,参与60 S核糖体亚基前体的组装。在线虫中敲减NOG1的表达造成生长缓慢、虫体变小和寿命延长的表型,而过量表达NOG1则使线虫的寿命缩短。拟南芥的At1g10300基因注释为NOG1-2,但是其生物学功能还有待研究。该研究对其功能进行了初步研究,首先检测了该基因在拟南芥各个器官的表达情况。结果表明:该基因在7 d龄幼苗、茎生叶和花中均有表达,其中在花中表达量最高。获得了At1g10300基因的T-DNA插入突变体,发现在长日照条件下,At1g10300突变体植株的莲座紧凑,莲座叶片长宽比降低,但叶面积和植株高度与野生型相比无显著差异,表明其叶形发生改变;突变体植株的抽薹时间晚于野生型。荧光定量RT-PCR结果表明,突变体植株中开花促进因子FT、CO和GI的表达水平下调,而开花抑制因子FLC的表达水平上调。以上结果揭示At1g10300基因的突变影响了FT、CO、GI及FLC基因的表达,使植株出现晚花表型。     

Association of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">POLG1</Emphasis> T(−365)C, <Emphasis Type="Italic">ANT1</Emphasis> G(−25)A,and <Emphasis Type="Italic">PEO1</Emphasis> G(−605)T polymorphisms with diabetic polyneuropathy in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus

This study is dedicated to a search for the association of the polymorphic markers T(?365)C of the POLG1 gene G(?25)A of the ANT1 gene and G(?605)T of the PEO1 gene with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) patients. All patients were ethnic Russian Moscow residents, with DM1 records of no more than 5 years and DPN or DM1 records of more than 10 years but without DPN. We found that the polymorphic marker T(?365)C of POLG1 was associated with DPN in Russian patients with DM1. The carriers of the C allele and the CC genotype had a higher risk of DPN development (OR = 1.62; CI = 1.11–2.38; and OR = 1.76; CI = 0.99–3.13; respectively). In contrast, the T allele carrier status and the TT genotype were associated with a lower DPN risk (OR = 0.62, CI = 0.42–0.90; and OR = 0.61; CI = 0.35–1.07; respectively). We found no association of the polymorphic markers G(?25)A of ANT1 or G(?605)T of PEO1 with DPN in Russian DM1 patients living in Moscow.     

A storage-protein marker associated with the suppressor of Pm8 for powdery mildew resistance in wheat

A suppressor of resistance to powdery mildew conferred by Pm8 showed complete association with the presence of a storage-protein marker resolved by electrophoresis on SDS-PAGE gels. This marker was identified as the product of the gliadin allele Gli-A1a. The mildewresponse phenotypes of wheats possessing the 1BL.1RS translocation were completely predictable from electrophoretograms. The suppressor, designated SuPm8, was located on chromosome 1AS. It was specific in its suppression of Pm8, and did not affect the rye-derived resistance phenotypes of wheat lines with Pm17, also located in 1RS, or of lines with Pm7.