植物内生放线菌多样性研究进展

植物内生放线菌作为植物内生菌资源的一大类,具有丰富的多样性,其次级代谢产物也十分丰富,而且还具有各种生物学活性。通过了解植物内生放线菌资源的多样性,可以对其产生的生物活性物质进行筛选和分析,从而筛选出具有良好药理活性的物质应用于临床。从植物内生放线菌宿主植物、组织分布、种类和数量以及活性基因4个方面综述了植物内生放线菌的多样性资源,介绍植物内生放线菌新的微生物物种,总结了植物内生放线菌目前研究中存在的问题及展望。     

植物内生菌研究进展

植物内生菌是指生活史中某一阶段生活在植物组织内,对植物没有明显病害症状的一类微生物,研究发现其主要包括内生细菌、内生真菌和内生放线菌。内生菌能够产生与宿主植物相同或相似的活性物质,从而拓宽了药用资源并且具有巨大的应用价值。从植物内生菌的分布规律及其生长特点,与宿主植物的关系,研究领域以及发展现状与存在问题等方面进行了综述,并对植物内生菌在药用资源开发中的前景进行了展望。     

植物内生放线菌研究进展

内生放线菌指存在于健康植物体内,产生系列活性物质并能与宿主植物共同生活的放线菌菌落.就在实际生产中用于生物防治的主要内生放线菌种类,能够防治的主要病害,及其生物防治的机理和生产上已经应用的制剂等多方面进行综述.     

内生拮抗放线菌

正植物内生菌是一种潜在的重要微生物资源,它能促进宿主植物生长、增强植物抗逆性及增强其抗病虫害能力等,具有开发成植物生长促进剂和生物农药的巨大潜力[1-2]。相对于植物内生真菌和其他内生细菌的广泛深入研究,有关植物内生放线菌生物学作用及其活性物质的研究相对滞后,仍然有许多领域值得进一步深入研究。随着各生物学领域的不断发展,近年来国内相关研究较活跃[3-6],植物内生放线菌更多独特的生物学特性将会被发现,也将作为新兴的     

植物内生菌的功能研究进展

植物内生菌是一类种类丰富、生物学功能多样的微生物。由于它们与宿主植物长期进化,有了一些特殊的生物学功能。综述了内生菌的系列生物学功能,包括产生活性物质、固氮功能、促进植物生长、增强宿主植物抗性、他感作用、作为外源基因载体等,并总结了内生菌研究中要注意的方面。     

植物内生放线菌研究*

近年来从植物组织中发现一些新的放线菌菌种 ,有些内生放线菌产生新的生物活性代谢物 ,或产生具有新特性的酶 ;对植物内生放线菌与植物宿主及其他微生物之间的关系研究有新的发现 ,植物内生放线菌在植物病害防治中的作用已引起重视。本文将简单介绍近年来这方面的研究进展。     

植物内生放线菌及其生理活性物质研究进展

植物内生放线菌是一类具有巨大开发潜力的新微生物资源。目前从许多活体植物组织内已分离到种类众多的植物内生放线菌,已有的研究表明植物内生放线菌能产生许多重要的生理活性物质,如抗生素类物质、植物生长促进剂、植物生长抑制剂以及具有新特性的酶类。植物内生放线菌在农业生产、医药新药的筛选上显示出广阔的应用前景。     

植物内生放线菌研究

近年来从植物组织中发现一些新的放线菌菌种,有些内生放线菌产生新的生物活性代谢物,或产生具有新特性的酶;对植物内生放线菌与植物宿主及其他微生物之间的关系研究有新的发现,植物内生放线菌在植物病害防治中的作用已引起重视。本将简单介绍近年来这方面的研究进展。     

药用植物内生放线菌的分离和生物学特性

[目的]探索药用植物内生环境可培养放线菌的分离、培养方法,总结药用植物内生放线菌的生物学特性,探讨其物种多样性,挖掘新的微生物资源.[方法]采用10种分离培养基对37个新鲜的药用植物样品进行内生放线菌的分离;通过比较,选择适合植物内生放线菌生长的培养条件;根据菌落形态和细胞特征观察结果,选择其中174株菌测定16S rRNA基因序列,分析药用植物内生放线菌的多样性;应用Biolog GENⅢ微孔培养、API 50CH以及API ZYM试剂条测试27株代表菌株的生理生化特性.[结果]分离得到940株植物内生菌,分属于47个属,30个科,其中放线菌600余株,分属于34个属,共发现潜在的新分类单元有7个;本研究中药用植物内生放线菌的培养条件是:PYG培养基、pH7.2、28℃- 32℃;菌株间的生物学特性的差异与菌株系统进化关系呈正相关关系;不同环境植物的内生菌菌株的生物学特性差异较大,相同环境的不同植物内生菌的生物学特性差异较小.[结论]药用植物内生放线菌物种丰富多样;药用植物内生放线菌在唯一碳源利用、发酵碳源产酸及酶学活性等生理生化特性方面没有表现出和宿主植物的直接相关性,而是呈现出和宿主植物的地理分布有一定的相关性.     

植物内生放线菌多样性及其活性代谢产物的研究进展

植物内生放线菌是一类能与宿主植物长期协同生长且不引起植物感染的特殊微生物。其作为植物内生微生物资源的重要组成部分,不仅分布广泛,资源丰富,绝大部分可产生与宿主植物相同或相似的次生代谢产物,而且这些次级代谢产物往往丰富多样并具有多种生物活性,是寻找和开发新型先导化合物的重要资源,具有重要的研究意义和潜在的应用价值。植物内生放线菌作为一种亟待开发的重要微生物资源,其重要性越来越被研究人员所认同。就近年来国内外关于植物内生放线菌多样性和其次级代谢物抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化和抗虫等生物活性的研究近况进行综述,以期为植物内生放线菌资源的深入研究和应用提供参考。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.