成人骨性Ⅲ类错治疗前后下切牙牙根吸收情况研究

目的:利用CBCT(Cone-Beam CT)三维重建技术评估成人骨性Ⅲ类错患者在正颌手术前的正畸治疗中,下切牙唇向移动后的牙根吸收情况。方法:对17名需要进行正颌手术的成人骨性Ⅲ类患者分别在矫治前及正颌手术前对下切牙区进行CBCT扫描,经软件处理进行三维重建,对每个牙根单独成像后分别测量其牙根体积。利用统计学方法比较治疗前后牙根体积量及吸收量百分比的变化。结果:①下切牙在唇向移动后牙根体积显著减小,具有统计学差异;②不同牙位间牙根吸收量百分比比较,无统计学差异。结论:成人骨性Ⅲ类错在术前正畸治疗移动下切牙的过程中,下切牙牙根发生了较为明显的吸收。在临床治疗中需要引起足够重视。     

前方牵引矫治器对儿童骨性Ⅲ类错上下颌骨发育及侧貌的影响

目的:探讨前方牵引矫治器对儿童骨性Ⅲ类错上下颌骨发育及侧貌的影响。方法:选择2013年1月至2014年1月来我院进行治疗的骨性Ⅲ类错患儿27例,所有患儿均接受前方牵引矫治器治疗。比较矫正前1个月和佩戴矫治器6个月后患儿软组织变化情况,评价患儿外貌改善情况;同时比较矫治前后患儿头颅侧位片指标差异,评价上下颌骨发育状况。结果:治疗后患儿面凸角由负变正,全面凸角显著减少,上唇突点与审美线之间的距离显著减少(P0.05);但下唇突点与审美线之间的距离治疗前后无显著差异(P0.05);治疗后SNA、ANB、Wits值、FMA、SND、SN-MP、SN-PP都有显著变化(P0.05)。结论:采用前方牵引矫治器对骨性Ⅲ类错患儿进行治疗,可有效改善患儿侧貌,促进患儿上颌发育,改变下颌骨生长方向,并使两者变得更加协调。     

主副弓丝配合矫治唇向低位上颌尖牙的临床应用（附38例病历报告）

唇向低位的上颌尖牙是常见的错(牙合)畸形。在Begg细丝弓娇治技术中,使用开张垂直曲唇弓推过低位的尖牙向远中有一定的局限性。使用钛镍丝唇弓加弹力牵引不可避免地使支抗磨牙前移。本文应用主弓丝配合钛镍丝副弓辅以弹力牵引,矫治唇向过低位上颌尖、牙取得了良好的临床效果。 临床资料 1、性别与年龄:本文报导38例,男性10例,女性28例。年令在11—17岁之间。     

成人骨性Ⅱ类不同垂直骨面型上气道及舌骨形态位置的三维研究

目的:研究成人骨性II类不同垂直骨面型上气道与舌骨形态及位置的差异。方法:随机选择60名成人骨性II类患者,男女比例1:1,依据GoGn-SN角分为三组(高角组、均角组及低角组),在自然头位下拍摄CBCT,运用MIMICS软件对上呼吸道及舌骨进行三维建模并测量21项相关指标,分析不同垂直骨面型之间上气道各段之间及舌骨形态、位置的差异。结果:不同垂直骨面型之间鄂咽上界平面矢状径长度(PNSL)存在显著性差异(P0.05),上气道各段高度(UTH、ETH)及宽度(PNSW、UTW、ETW)之间比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。高角组上气道鄂咽下界及舌咽下界矢状径长度(UTL、ETL)与均角和低角组均存在显著差异(P0.01),随着垂直骨面型增大,呈现高角均角低角的趋势。高角组上气道鄂咽及舌咽体积明显小于均角和低角,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。舌骨形态及位置在不同垂直骨面型之间无差异(P0.05)。结论:不同垂直向生长方式对上气道产生影响较大,而对舌骨的生长发育无影响。     

成人骨性Ⅱ类上气道与颅颌面关系初探

目的:比较骨性Ⅱ类不同垂直骨面型成人上气道鼻咽、腭咽、舌咽大小的差异,并探讨其与颅面部骨骼形态的关系.方法:将64名(男34例,女30例)成人骨性Ⅱ类错患者按GoGn-SN角大小分为高角、均角、低角三组.分别行颅面部锥体束计算机断层扫描(CBCT),对各段的矢状径、横径、长度、截面积以及容积等指标进行测量分析,比较三组间的差异.同时,对上气道各测量项目与颅颌面结构指标进行相关性分析.结果:在上气道各线性测量项目中,鼻咽和腭咽长度(Ln、Lp)随着垂直骨面型增大而逐渐减小,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).高角组舌咽段的高度(Hg)与均角、低角组存在差异,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),均角组和低角组间并无统计学差异(P＞0.05).上气道各段宽度在不同垂直骨面型之间均无统计学差异.不同垂直骨面型上气道总体积(Vt)无明显差异.高角组舌咽段体积(Vg)及鼻咽段横截面积(CSAn)与均角、低角组存在差异,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),均角组和低角组间并无统计学差异(P＞0.05).而其余测量项目在各垂直骨面型间均未发现统计学差异.由相关性分析可知,舌咽和腭咽的体积与横截面积与上下颌骨垂直向不调指数(ODI)正相关,而腭咽体积和横截面积与下颌平面角负相关.结论:随着垂直骨面型增大上气道结构存在着差异,且主要影响腭咽段和舌咽段,对鼻咽段影响较小.     

前方牵引矫治器对儿童骨性III类𬌗上下颌骨发育及侧貌的影响

摘要 目的：探讨前方牵引矫治器对儿童骨性III类错??上下颌骨发育及侧貌的影响。方法：选择2013年1月至2014年1月来我院进行治疗的骨性Ⅲ类错??患儿27例,所有患儿均接受前方牵引矫治器治疗。比较矫正前1个月和佩戴矫治器6个月后患儿软组织变化情况,评价患儿外貌改善情况;同时比较矫治前后患儿头颅侧位片指标差异,评价上下颌骨发育状况。结果：治疗后患儿面凸角由负变正,全面凸角显著减少,上唇突点与审美线之间的距离显著减少（P<0.05）;但下唇突点与审美线之间的距离治疗前后无显著差异（P>0.05）;治疗后SNA、ANB、Wits值、FMA、SND、SN-MP、SN-PP都有显著变化（P<0.05）。结论：采用前方牵引矫治器对骨性Ⅲ类错??患儿进行治疗,可有效改善患儿侧貌,促进患儿上颌发育,改变下颌骨生长方向,并使两者变得更加协调。     

钕铁硼永磁体与双阻板矫治器矫治Angle Ⅲ类错(牙合)

目的:观察双阻板矫治器基础上使用钕铁硼永磁体矫治AngleⅢ类错牙合的效果.方法:15例替牙及恒牙早期AngleⅢ类错牙合畸形患者,男6例,女9例.年龄9-13岁,平均11-25岁.在双阻板矫治器的上下阻板安放第三代高磁能积稀土永磁体钕铁硼,矫治过程中磁块间距的增加说明疗效,间距加1mm以上考虑加力.治疗前后头颅侧位片及常规头影方法进行分析.结果:与矫治前相比,矫治后ANB角,Ao-Bo距,NA-PA角均增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).SNB角减小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:磁力双阻板矫治器克服了传统矫形装置的缺点,从而能获得持续的矫形力,磁力调整易于控制,便于临床开展.     

Twin-block矫治器治疗下颌后缩患者牙颌面硬组织及颞下颌关节变化的临床研究

目的:研究Twin-block矫治器对青少年安氏Ⅱ类错牙合下颌后缩患者牙合面及颞下颌关节的改建能力,从而评估该矫治器的矫治效果。方法:选取20例替牙期及恒牙列早期安氏II类错牙合下颌后缩患者,采用Twin-block矫治器进行治疗,治疗前后均拍摄X线头颅侧位定位片及颞下颌关节核磁共振片,进行牙合面硬组织及髁状突的测量,包括下颌骨长(Co-Gn)、下颌升支长(Co-Go)、下颌体长(Go-Gn)、髁状突宽度、髁状突高度以及关节间隙的测量。结果:与治疗前相比,下颌骨长(Co-Gn)、下颌升支长(Co-Go)、下颌体长(Go-Gn)均显著增加(P0.05),差异均有统计学意义;髁状突高度显著增加(P0.05),髁状突宽度及关节前、上、后间隙无明显变化(P0.05)。结论:Twin-block矫治器对生长发育高峰期患者具有明显的骨矫形作用,髁状突的适应性改建是其主要机制。     

基于CBCT检查的侧貌软硬组织变化评价正畸正颌联合治疗骨性Ⅲ类错𬌗畸形的有效性

摘要 目的：分析正畸正颌联合治疗骨性Ⅲ类错??畸形对患者锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）检查侧貌软硬组织变化的影响。方法：以2017年12月~2020年12月第四军医大学口腔医院（空军军医大学第三附属医院）收治的骨性Ⅲ类错??畸形患者50例为研究对象,所有患者均接受正畸正颌联合治疗,治疗后随访6个月。比较患者治疗前和随访6个月后侧貌软硬组织的角度和厚度、软硬组织标记点到垂直参考线的距离及随访6个月后上下颌中切牙牙根体积和根长减小量及减少百分比、上下颌中切牙的根颈部与根体部体积减小量及减少百分比。结果：随访6个月后,骨性Ⅲ类错??畸形患者上唇缘点垂直参考线（UL-VRL）、鼻唇角（NLA）、上中切牙点矢状面距离（DUI）、上唇缘点矢状面距离（DUL''）较治疗前升高,MLA、鼻下点前下交角（MP-SN）、L1-SN、下唇缘点垂直参考线（LL-VRL）、Pog-VRL、颏唇沟点矢状面距离（DBs）、颏前点矢状面距离（DPo）、软组织颏前点矢状面距离（DPos）、下中切牙点矢状面距离（DLI）、下唇缘点矢状面距离（DLL''）、颏前点至鼻根点一下齿槽座点连线的垂直距离（Po-NB）较治疗前降低（P<0.05）。随访6个月后,上中切牙牙根总体积、牙根顶端体积高于下中切牙（P<0.05）;根颈部上中切牙、下中切牙体积变化和体积减少百分比均低于根体部（P<0.05）。结论：正畸正颌联合治疗可改善骨性Ⅲ类错??畸形患者侧貌软硬组织,但可导致患者牙根吸收的发生。     

钕铁硼永磁体与双阻板矫治器矫治AngleⅢ类错[牙合]

目的：观察双阻板矫治器基础上使用钕铁硼永磁体矫治AngleⅢ类错[牙合]的效果。方法：15例替牙及恒牙早期AngleⅢ类错[牙合]畸形患者,男6例,女9例。年龄9-13岁,平均11.25岁。在双阻板矫治器的上下阻板安放第三代高磁能积稀土永磁体钕铁硼,矫治过程中磁块间距的增加说明疗效,间距加1mm以上考虑加力。治疗前后头颅侧位片及常规头影方法进行分析。结果：与矫治前相比,矫治后ANB角,Ao—Bo距,NA—PA角均增大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。SNB角减小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：磁力双阻板矫治器克服了传统矫形装置的缺点,从而能获得持续的矫形力,磁力调整易于控制,便于临床开展。     

Maxillary volume growth in childhood

Nasomaxillary abnormalities in form, position, and development in children are often prominent features of craniosynostosis, and in particular, craniofacial dysostosis. While attempting to quantitatively assess the volumetric maxillary deficiency in these patients, it became apparent that there was no "normal" reference range for maxillary volumes throughout childhood that could be used for comparison. The aim of this study was to generate a model for measuring maxillary volume and subsequent changes throughout childhood. The technique of segmentation was applied to magnetic resonance images obtained in 55 healthy children (30 boys, 25 girls), aged 1 month to 184 months (15.33 years). Maxillary volumes were plotted against age for boys and girls to create a model for normal maxillary growth during the first 15 years of life. Maxillary volumes were larger in boys at all ages. However, the pattern of maxillary growth in boys and girls was similar and could be divided into three periods, each lasting approximately 5 years. During the first 5 years of life, there is a steady increase in maxillary volume, at the end of which the maxilla has reached 53 percent of the volume recorded at 15 years. There is an accelerated rate of growth between 5 and 11 years, which corresponds to the development and eruption of the permanent dentition. Thereafter, until the age of 15 years, the rate of growth of the maxilla plateaus. Maxillary volume in the first 12 months of life is, on average, 29 cm3 in boys and 25 cm3 in girls. By 15 years of age, it has increased to an average of 73.0 cm3 in boys and 59.4 cm3 in girls (an increase by a factor of 2.5 in boys and 2.4 in girls). The difference between the two sexes is statistically significant for the entire series (boys: mean maxillary volume = 56.55 cm3, SD = 24.61; girls: mean maxillary volume = 40.68, SD = 17.69, p = 0.009, one-way analysis of variance).     

Maxillary volume growth in craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis, and in particular, craniofacial dysostosis, exhibits abnormalities of the nasomaxillary complex in form, position, and development. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the volumetric maxillary abnormality in patients at the time of initial diagnosis of craniosynostosis and to make comparisons with a "normal" reference range for maxillary volumes throughout childhood. The technique of segmentation was applied to preoperative computed tomographic head scans obtained in 31 children (14 boys, 17 girls), between 1 and 34 months of age (mean, 11.06 months), who underwent cranial expansion surgery for craniosynostosis affecting the coronal suture complex. Maxillary volumes were plotted against age for the first 3 years of life and were compared with a healthy population. There was no statistical difference between the two sexes for mean maxillary volume. The mean maxillary volumes for the entire group were statistically smaller than the norm (p = 0.046, linear regression with age as a covariable), but there was no statistical difference among the four different groups of coronal synostosis (unilateral coronal, nonsyndromic bilateral coronal, nonsyndromic complex pansynostosis, syndromic bilateral coronal synostosis) (p = 0.407, one-way analysis of variance). On graphic data analysis, the maxillary volume was smaller than the norm in craniosynostotic children who presented in the first few months of life. However, by 7 months of age in nonsyndromic bilateral coronal synostosis and by 17 months of age in syndromic bilateral coronal synostosis, the maxillary volumes had increased toward the norm. This implies that the effect of the craniosynostotic process on the midface structures is present from birth and parallels the effect on the cranial vault sutures.     

Maxillary canine microwear in Dryopithecus from Spain

The three functional domains of the upper canines of Dryopithecus from Spain are analysed through microscopic examination. Evidence is presented that shows a food choice in concordance with open woodland habitat.     

Maxillary sinusitis in Medieval Chichester,England

Maxillary sinusitis is a common medical complaint, affecting more than 30 million people per year in the United States alone. Very little palaeopathological work on this disease has been carried out, probably because of the enclosed nature of the sinuses in intact skulls and the lack of a suitable method for examination. This study tested the hypothesis that maxillary sinusitis was more common in people with leprosy than in people without it in Medieval England. The prevalence of maxillary sinusitis by age and sex was recorded in 133 individuals, some diagnosed as being leprous, derived from a later Medieval (12th to 17th centuries AD) urban hospital population at Chichester, Sussex, England using both macroscopic and endoscopic methods of examination. Of the 133 individuals with one or both sinuses available for examination, 54.9% (73) had evidence of bone change within the sinuses. There was no difference in prevalence between those with leprosy and those without, although clinical studies suggest that over 50% of lepromatous leprous individuals may develop sinusitis. Comparison with another study on Medieval British sites with a 3.6% prevalence (3 of 83) indicates that the prevalence at Chichester is much greater. The problems with diagnosing sinusitis are addressed and reasons behind the high frequency in this study are discussed. Aetiological factors predisposing to maxillary sinusitis are considered with reference to possible environmental conditions prevailing in the later Medieval period in Britain. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.