Egr-1的诱骗性寡脱氧核苷酸抑制大鼠颈总动脉损伤后MMP-2的表达

目的观察局部转染早期生长反应因子-1(early growth response factor-1,Egr-1)的特异诱骗寡脱氧核苷酸(decoy oligodeoxynucleotides,decoy ODNs)对球囊损伤颈总动脉后基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)蛋白表达的影响及内膜增生的情况,初步探讨Egr-1,decoy ODNs抑制球囊损伤后内膜增生的机制。方法 96只健康雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为4组,分别为假手术组、对照组、杂码组和诱骗组,每组24只。除假手术组外均应用2F球囊导管行颈总动脉球囊损伤术,术中采用转染试剂FuGENE6介导的Egr-1decoy ODNs转染至损伤后大鼠血管中,与假手术组、对照组、杂码组相比较。术后3、7、14、21d每组处死6只动物。应用HE染色和免疫组织化学方法观察大鼠颈总动脉球囊损伤后内膜增生情况和MMP-2蛋白的表达及转染Egr-1decoy ODNs后对它们的影响。结果 (1)、内膜损伤后3d内膜增厚不明显,7d内膜开始增厚,14、21d时内膜明显增厚。(2)、在假手术组近腔面中膜可见MMP-2有少量散在阳性表达;在对照组及杂码组动脉损伤后3d,在近腔面中膜,有少量阳性表达,与假手术组相比,阳性表达指数上升。7d时在新生内膜和靠近新生内膜处中膜表达明显,14d后表达逐渐下降。(3)转染decoy ODNs治疗后,在各个时间点内膜增厚程度减轻,MMP-2蛋白表达减少,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论血管球囊损伤后,内膜7d开始增生,14d、21d增生更明显,而MMP-2在7d时表达明显,之后逐渐下降,Egr-1decoy ODNs能抑制MMP-2的表达,从而减轻血管损伤后内膜的增生。     

早期生长反应因子-1的特异脱氧核酶对球囊损伤大鼠颈动脉后转化生长因子-β1表达的影响

目的观察局部转染早期生长反应因子-1(Egr-1)的特异脱氧核酶(ED5)对球囊损伤颈总动脉后内膜增生及转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达的影响,并初步探讨ED5抑制球囊损伤后内膜增生的机制。方法96只健康雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为4组,每组24只。除假手术组外均应用2F球囊导管行颈总动脉内膜球囊损伤术,术中采用转染试剂FuGENE6介导ED5转染至损伤后大鼠血管中,以假手术组、单纯损伤组,FuGENE6组作为对照。术后3、7、14、21d处死动物每组6只。应用HE染色,RT-PCR,Western-blot和免疫组织化学方法观察大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤后内膜增生情况和TGF-β1的表达及ED5对它们的影响。结果(1)内皮损伤后3d内膜增厚不明显,7d内膜开始增厚,14、21d时内膜明显增厚。(2)TGF-β1mRNA于术后3d开始升高,7d达高峰,14d时下降。TGF-β1蛋白表达于术后3d开始升高,14d达高峰。(3)转染ED5治疗后,在各个时间点内膜增厚程度减轻,TGF-β1表达减少,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0·01)。结论血管内皮损伤后内膜增生过程中TGF-β1表达增加,ED5能抑制TGF-β1的表达,从而减轻血管损伤后内膜的增生。     

旋覆花素抑制血管内皮剥脱诱导的粘附分子表达

目的观察旋覆花素对内皮剥脱诱导的新生内膜形成过程中血管壁粘附分子OPN、ICAM-1、ILK表达的影响,为寻找该药物抑制新生内膜形成的作用靶标提供实验依据。方法采用主动脉球囊损伤后血管狭窄动物模型,用免疫组织化学和Western Blot方法分别检测血管壁中骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)、细胞间粘附分子-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)、整合素偶联激酶(integrin-linked kinase,ILK)的表达变化及旋覆花素对其的影响。结果血管内皮剥脱可诱导血管壁平滑肌细胞大量增生,新生内膜呈弥漫性增厚,血管损伤局部组织中OPN、ICAM-1、ILK的表达均比正常对照组明显升高(P<0.05)。旋覆花素治疗组在球囊损伤后,血管内膜增生程度显著减轻,血管壁OPN、ICAM-1、ILK的表达均比模型组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论旋覆花素减缓新生内膜形成的效应与其抑制粘附分子的表达、阻断粘附分子信号传递有关。     

西洛他唑对大鼠颈总动脉球囊损伤后内膜增生及氧化应激的影响

目的:探讨西洛他唑对大鼠颈总动脉球囊损伤后内膜增生的抑制作用和血管壁氧化应激的影响。方法:SD大鼠24只,随机分组:假手术组、损伤组及西洛他唑治疗组。采用球囊损伤大鼠左侧颈总动脉,于术后2周处死大鼠,取损伤血管标本,进行HE染色、免疫组化染色及原位DHE染色,检测内膜增生、平滑肌细胞增殖及血管壁局部ROS水平。结果:球囊损伤2周后,血管壁内膜显著增生,西洛他唑治疗后内膜增生显著抑制,两组相比P<0.05。PCNA免疫组化染色:假手术组未见PCNA阳性细胞,损伤组PCNA阳性细胞面积百分比明显高于西洛他唑组,主要分布于新生内膜和内弹力膜区域(P<0.05)。原位DHE染色:球囊损伤后局部ROS水平显著升高,较假手术组差异显著P<0.05,西洛他唑干预后局部ROS水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:新型抗血小板制剂西洛他唑可显著抑制大鼠颈总动脉球囊损伤后内膜增生及局部氧化应激,抑制局部氧化应激可能是西洛他唑抑制内膜增生的机制之一。     

SM22α抑制球囊损伤诱导的新生内膜形成

观察外源性SM22α对球囊损伤诱导的大鼠颈总动脉新生内膜形成的影响,并探讨其机制。雄性SD大鼠经球囊剥脱颈总动脉内皮后随机分为3组:未感染组、pAd组和pAd-SM22α组。术后14天取颈总动脉标本,HE染色观察血管内膜增生情况,用Western blot和免疫组化方法检测外源性SM22α、PCNA和p27在血管壁中的表达水平,以及Raf-1、MEK1/2和ERK1/2的磷酸化水平。实验结果显示,外源性SM22α在血管壁中得到稳定表达;过表达SM22α可显著抑制球囊损伤诱导的血管新生内膜的增厚,与pAd组比较,内膜/中膜比值(I/M)降低70%;Western blot结果显示,在pAd-SM22α组中增殖标志物PCNA表达水平降低(P0.05),而增殖抑制蛋白p27表达水平增高(P0.05),同时伴有增殖相关信号转导分子Raf-1、MEK1/2和ERK1/2的磷酸化水平降低(P0.05)。结果提示,过表达SM22α可抑制球囊损伤诱导的血管内膜增生,其机制可能与阻断Raf-1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2通路的级联活化有关。     

Egr-1的特异性脱氧核酶对大鼠颈总动脉损伤后内膜增生的影响

目的 探讨早期生长反应因子-1(Egr-1)的特异性脱氧核酶对大鼠颈总动脉损伤后新生内膜形成的影响。方法 对Wistar大鼠行颈总动脉损伤后,在转染试剂Fugene6介导下经血管腔内转染Egr-1的特异性脱氧核酶(ED5),以假手术组、单纯损伤组及空白转染试剂组(Fu gene 6组)作为对照,于术后3、7、14和21d4个时间点取材,检测内膜增生程度及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)和Egr-1的表达变化。结果单纯损伤组及Fugene6组7d时可见内膜增生,14d、21d时内膜增厚更明显,PCNA及TGF-β于损伤后3天明显表达,7d时在新生内膜及中膜中表达达到高峰,14d后逐渐下降,而Egr-1呈持续高表达。经ED6作用后,内膜增生减轻,动脉中PCNA、TGF-β及Egr-1表达明显降低,与单纯损伤组和Fu Gnene 6组比较差异有显性。结论结果提示ED5可能是通过特异性抑制其相应基因的表达来阻遏动脉损伤后的内膜增生。     

MPC30-DEA70载AMO-miR-222对大鼠颈总动脉球囊损伤后血管狭窄的影响

目的:阳离子磷酸胆碱聚合物(MPC30-DEA70)为非病毒类转基因载体,可与AMO-mi R-222络合,通过导管球囊系统将MPC30-DEA70/AMO-mi R-222基因复合物导入大鼠颈内动脉球囊损伤处,观察对血管平滑肌细胞增生及血管狭窄程度的影响。方法:90只雄性SD大鼠随机分为未损伤组、多聚赖氨酸(PLL组)、MPC30-DEA70/AMO-mi R-222组、PLL/AMO-mi R-222组、PLL/MPC30-DEA70组、AMO-mi R-222组、单纯损伤组、PLL载P/A=3:1组和P/A=5:1组,每组各10只。构建大鼠颈总动脉球囊损伤模型,予血管损伤段行PLL、MPC30-DEA70/AMO-mi R-222、PLL/AMO-mi R-222、PLL/MPC30-DEA70、AMO-mi R-222、PLL载P/A=3:1和P/A=5:1复合物的转运。4周后通过光学显微镜观察HE染色血管段组织形态学改变。Western blot法检测各组血管段p57Kip2、p27Kip1蛋白的表达情况。RT-PCR法检测各组血管段mi R222扩增情况。结果:光学显微镜下,多聚赖氨酸(PLL组)、裸MPC30-DEA70/AMO-mi R-222组、PLL/AMO-mi R-222组、PLL/MPC30-DEA70组、AMO-mi R-222组、MPC30-DEA70组可见内膜显著增生,新生内膜/中膜比值无组间差异,较PLL载P/A=3:1组和P/A=5:1组有组间差异,后两组比较无组间差异,未损伤组未见新生内膜增殖。Western blot法检测显示PLL载P/A=3:1组和P/A=5:1组P57kip2、P27kip1蛋白表达含量较未损伤组降低(P0.05),较余六组增高(P0.05),组间比较无显著差异(P0.05)。RT-PCR法检测显示,mi R-222表达在未损伤组很低,PLL载P/A=3:1组和P/A=5:1组增高,余六组过表达(组间比较无显著差异)。结论:MPC30-DEA70可与AMO-mi R-222络合,有效抑制球囊损伤后血管mi R222表达,从而抑制新生内膜增生及血管狭窄。     

17-AAG 对颈动脉球囊损伤大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖影响的实验研究

目的：研究17- 丙烯胺-17 去甲氧格尔德霉素（17-Allylamino-17-emethoxy-geldanamycin, 17-AAG）对球囊损伤后大鼠颈动脉 血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响。方法：选取雄性Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠30 只,随机数字法分为球囊损伤（Balloon injury,BI）组10 只、球囊损伤+17-AAG 低剂量治疗（Balloon injury+Low dose AGG,BIL）组10 只、球囊损伤+17-AAG 高剂量治疗（Balloon injury+High dose AGG,BIH）组10只。建立大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤模型,病理学评估血管内膜增生情况。各组于球囊损伤28 天后取 材,将损伤区域的血管段取材固定,苏木精- 伊红染色（HE）观察血管并测量内膜面积（Intimal Area, IA）、中膜面积（Membrane Area,MA）,计算内膜/中膜面积比（IA/MA）,以评估内膜增生情况;同时,利用免疫荧光染色（Immunofluorescence staining, IFS）观 察增殖细胞核抗原（Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA）表达的情况,以评价血管平滑肌细胞的增殖情况。结果：大鼠颈动脉球 囊损伤模型成功建立。HE 染色后计算血管I/M比值,结果表明BIL组与BI组血管I/M 比值无统计学差异（P>0.05）,BIH 与BI组 血管I/M比值有统计学差异（P<0.05）。IFS结果表明,BIL组血管壁PCNA 表达较BI组略有降低,但无统计学意义（P>0.05）。BIH 组血管壁PCNA表达较BI组明显减低,有显著统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论：一定浓度的17-AAG可明显的抑制球囊损伤后颈动脉 血管平滑肌细胞增殖;17-AAG可以成为球囊损伤后大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制剂。     

在体导入NOS基因可抑制球囊扩张术后血管内膜增生

在体导入ＮＯＳ基因可抑制球囊扩张术后血管内膜增生血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增生、内膜增厚是球囊扩张术后再狭窄的主要发病机制之一。近年来许多实验表明ＮＯ有抑制培养ＶＳＭＣ增殖的作用;口服ＮＯ前体Ｌ－精氨酸可减轻内皮损伤诱导的血管内膜的增生。Ｌ－精氨酸在...     

全反式维甲酸对兔动脉粥样硬化病灶中MCP-1 和TLR-4

目的:观察全反式维甲酸(ATRA)对兔颈动脉粥样硬化性病灶中内膜增生、MCP-1及TLR-4表达的影响,探讨其可能的抗炎机制。方法:新西兰雄性大白兔随机分为9组(n=6):对照组(A、B、C)、治疗组(A、B、C)、假手术组(A、B、C)。除假手术组外,其余两组给予高脂饮食2周后,对照组及治疗组给予颈动脉内膜空气干燥术损伤颈动脉内膜,假手术组分离暴露颈动脉但不损伤内膜,治疗组术前3天给予ATRA灌胃,直至处死。术后分别于7d、14d、28d处死。采取颈动脉标本,对血管粥样硬化病变进行形态学观察及测定,采用免疫组化法检测MCP-1及TLR-4表达水平。结果:从形态学观察及免疫组化检测看,对照组较假手术组内膜明显增生,MCP-1及TLR-4表达增多,治疗组内膜较对照组增生减轻,两种因子表达减少。结论:全反式维甲酸(ATRA)对兔颈动脉粥样硬化性病灶中的抗炎作用可能是通过抑制MCP-1及TLR-4等炎症因子的表达来发挥作用的。     

铜、镉对三种豆科植物生长及氮磷钾含量的影响

为了解豆科植物在Cu、Cd单一污染土壤中的生长状况及对土壤养分的吸收利用特点,采用盆栽实验研究了Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)单一污染下紫花苜蓿、红三叶、沙打旺3种豆科植物的株高、根长、生物量和叶、茎部N、P、K、Cu和Cd含量的变化情况.Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)处理浓度分别为:0、400、800、1200 mg·kg~(-1)和0、1、10、20 mg·kg~(-1).结果表明,3种豆科植物对Cu和Cd均有较强的吸收能力,除红三叶叶片中Cu含量外,3种豆科植物根、茎、叶中Cd和Cu的含量均与土壤中重金属添加量呈显著正相关.3种豆科植物在严重Cd~(2+)污染的土壤中均能正常生长.在Cu~(2+)添加量≤1200 mg·kg~(-1)时,红三叶能正常生长,而紫花苜蓿的生长则受到显著抑制作用,沙打旺在Cu~(2+)添加量≥800 mg·kg~(-1)时生长受到抑制.土壤Cu~(2+)添加量≤1200 mg·kg~(-1)时,能促进紫花苜蓿对N、P、K的吸收;Cu~(2+)添加量≤800 mg·kg~(-1)时,对红三叶N、P、K含量没有明显影响;Cu~(2+)添加量≤400 mg·kg~(-1)时,可提高沙打旺中N、P、K含量,但当Cu~(2+)添加量≥800 mg·kg~(-1)时则显著降低.土壤Cd~(2+)添加量≤20 mg·kg~(-1)时,对紫花苜蓿和红三叶茎叶以及沙打旺茎部的N、P、K含量有促进作用,但对沙打旺叶片的N、P、K含量起抑制作用.总体来看,3种豆科植物对Cu~(2+)和Cd~(2+)均有一定的耐性,红三叶对Cu~(2+)的耐性较好,紫花苜蓿对Cd~(2+)的耐性较好.

Abstract：

Aimed to understand the growth status and nutrient uptake of leguminous plants under soil copper-or cadmium contamination, a pot experiment with Medicago sativa, Trifolium pre-tense, and Astragalus adsurgens was conducted, with their plant height, root length, plant bio-mass, and N, P, K, Cu and Cd contents in leaf and stem measured. The application amounts of Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) were 0,400, 800, and 1200 mg·kg~(-1), and 0, 1, 10, and 20 mg·kg~(-1), re-spectively. All the test three leguminous plants had strong capability of absorbing Cu and Cd.The Cu and Cd contents in their roots, stems, and leaves, except the Cu content in T. Pratease leaf, were significantly positively correlated with the application amounts of Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+). Un-der the application of Cd~(2+), all the three leguminous plants grew normally. When the application amount of Cu~(2+) was≤1200 mg·kgM-1, T. Pratense grew normally, while the growth of M. Sativa was significantly inhibited. The growth of A. Adsurgens was inhibited when the application amount of Cu~(2+) was≥800 mg·kg~(-1). An apphcation amount of≤1200 mg·kg~(-1) of Cu~(2+) pro-moted the N, P and K absorption of M. Sativa, but applying≤800 mg·kg~(-1) of Cu~(2+) had little effects on the N, P and K absorption of T. Pretense. The N, P and K contents of A. Adsurgens in-creased when the application amount of Cu~(2+) was ≤400 mg·kg~(-1), but decreased significantly when the Cu~(2+) application amount was≥800 mg·kg~(-1). When the application amount of Cd~(2+)was≤20 mg·kg~(-1) , the N, P and K contents in M. Sativa and T. Pratense stems and leaves and in A. Adsurgens stem increased, while those in A. Adsurgens leaf decreased. As a whole, the three leguminous plants all had certain tolerance to Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) stresses, especially T. Prat-ease to Cu~(2+) and M. Sativa to Cd~(2+).     

Synthesis of [2S-2-H]- and [2R-2-H]hexadecanoic acids

[2S-2-²H]- and [2R-2-²H]hexadecanoic acids were synthesized in overall yields of 59–67%. Methyl(2R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoate, from the acid produced by Hansenula sydowiorum, was converted to the p-toluenesulphonate, reduced to trideutero alcohol with lithium aluminium deuteride and oxidized to [2S-2-²H]hexadecanoic acid. Methyl (2S)-2-chlorohexadecanoate, which was a by-product of tosylation and was also prepared by chlorinatioon of the hydroxy ester with thionyl chloride, on reduction and oxidation as before gave [2R-2-²H]-hexadecanoic acid. Intermediates were fully characterized, isotopic purity was 97% and optical purity was maintained throughout the syntheses. Attempts to reduce the tosyl or chloro groups, only, with sodium borodeuteride gave low yields probably due to preferential reduction of the ester group; 1,2-epoxyhexadecane was obtained from the tosylate and 2-chlorohexadecan-1-ol from the chloro ester.     

玉米O2/o2近等基因系胚乳中基因表达差异分析

对玉米Hz85(O2/O2)和 Hz85(o2/o2)以及S7913(O2/O2)和 S7913 (o2/o2)两种不同核背景下的近等基因系(NIL),采用cDNA芯片杂交技术研究玉米o2突变基因及赖氨酸形成和胚乳发生相关基因在RNA水平上的表达差异。在两套NILs中检测到共同的表达差异克隆87个,对其序列分析得到26个TUGs（tentative unique genes）、11个未命名蛋白和6个新序列。这些TUGs分别参与了生长发育、胁迫响应、物质运输、信号转导、电子传递链、细胞防御、代谢等细胞过程,以及作为细胞组分和贮存蛋白。基于O2/o2 NILs间胚乳发育中基因表达的差异,讨论了o2籽粒中的不透明粉质胚乳形成的分子机制。     

Determination of the extraction kinetics for the quantification of polyhydroxyalkanoate monomers in mixed microbial systems

For the first time, a systematic approach was conducted to determine the key factors influencing the kinetics of hydroxyalkanote (HA) extraction in biological systems. Six mixed microbial systems where polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is produced were evaluated. Experiments were carried out for full-scale and lab-scale activated sludge systems using different configurations (containing floccular or granular sludge), as well as specific PHA accumulating cultures that contain high or low intracellular PHA fractions. The overall reaction was limited by the kinetics of the PHA hydrolysis in floccular cultures, whereas in granular cultures, it was limited by the cell lysis step. The monomeric composition of the polymer also had an impact on the HA extraction rate: higher acid concentration and a longer digestion time should be employed when cells accumulate monomers with more substituents, such as hydroxy-2-methylbutyrate (H2MB) and hydroxy-2-methylvalerate (H2MV). This study optimised the method for HA extraction, which impacts the assessment of the quantity and quality of PHA biopolymers.     

EPO对缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠心肌细胞Mfn2蛋白表达及心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察重组人促红细胞生成素（recombinant human erythropoietin,rhEPO）对缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠心肌细胞Mitofusin2（Mfn2）蛋白表达的影响及其抗心肌细胞凋亡的作用。方法选取成年SD大鼠35只,随机分为正常组（Normal）,假手术组（Sham）,缺血再灌注组（I/R）,缺血再灌注EPO治疗组（I/R＋EPO）。各组分别于再灌注3h和24h后,剪取心脏缺血/再灌注损伤区域,用脱氧核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）检测心肌细胞凋亡,免疫组化法检测Mfn2蛋白的表达。结果再灌注3h和24h后,与正常组和假手术组相比,I/R组Mfn2蛋白的表达和心肌细胞凋亡均显著增加;与I/R组相比,I/R＋EPO组Mfn2蛋白的表达和心肌细胞凋亡均显著降低。结论EPO可以下调缺血再灌注损伤后心肌细胞Mfn2蛋白的表达,抑制心肌细胞的凋亡。     

Sestrin 2 Protein Regulates Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor β (Pdgfrβ) Expression by Modulating Proteasomal and Nrf2 Transcription Factor Functions

We recently identified the antioxidant protein Sestrin 2 (Sesn2) as a suppressor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (Pdgfrβ) signaling and Pdgfrβ signaling as an inducer of lung regeneration and injury repair. Here, we identified Sesn2 and the antioxidant gene inducer nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as positive regulators of proteasomal function. Inactivation of Sesn2 or Nrf2 induced reactive oxygen species-mediated proteasomal inhibition and Pdgfrβ accumulation. Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic HeLa and mouse embryonic stem cells stably expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged Sesn2 at nearly endogenous levels, we also showed that Sesn2 physically interacts with 2-Cys peroxiredoxins and Nrf2 albeit under different reductive conditions. Overall, we characterized a novel, redox-sensitive Sesn2/Pdgfrβ suppressor pathway that negatively interferes with lung regeneration and is up-regulated in the emphysematous lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).     

Isolation and identification of urinary metabolites of AF-2 (3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-(2-furyl)acrylamide) in rabbits

After oral administration of AF-2 (3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-(2-furyl)acrylamide) to rabbits, the two unique metabolites, M-I and M-II, were isolated from the urine. M-I, yellow needles of mp 117°, was identified as a new type metabolite of nitrofuran derivative, 2-(β-carboxypropionyl)-3-(5-methylthio-2-furyl) acrylamide by its mass, ir and nmr spectrometries. M-II, yellow solid, appears to be cis-trans isomer of M-I considering from its uv and mass spectral data, and the behavior on tlc.