和厚朴酚通过激活SIRT1/FOXO1信号通路抵抗小鼠脓毒症脑损伤

目的:探究和厚朴酚是否通过激活SIRT1/FOXO1信号通路抵抗小鼠脓毒症脑损伤。方法:通过C57BL/6小鼠盲肠结扎穿孔法建立脓毒症脑损伤模型。小鼠随机分为以下6组:假手术(Sham)组;和厚朴酚处理(HKL)组;盲肠结扎穿孔(CLP)组;盲肠结扎穿孔+和厚朴酚处理(CLP+HKL)组;EX527 (SIRT1特异性抑制剂)预处理+盲肠结扎穿孔+和厚朴酚处理(CLP+HKL+EX527)组;EX527预处理+盲肠结扎穿孔(CLP+EX527)组。盲肠结扎穿孔48 h后检测脑组织内水含量、凋亡率及凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2和cleaved Caspase-3的表达情况、炎症相关分子IL-1β与TNF-α、SIRT1信号通路相关蛋白表达情况。结果:与CLP组相比,CLP+HKL组脑组织内SIRT1的表达量及活性、Bcl-2表达量明显增加,而脑组织水含量、凋亡率、Bax、cleaved Caspase-3、IL-1β与TNF-α的表达量明显降低(均P 0.05)。EX527可明显抑制HKL的上述脑保护作用(P 0.05)。结论:和厚朴酚主要通过激活SIRT1/FOXO1信号通路,抑制凋亡与炎症,从而缓解脓毒症脑损伤。     

人参皂甙Rg1对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨人参皂甙Rg1对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响及其意义。方法分别给大鼠腹腔注射人参皂甙Rg1 10、20、40 mg/kg,采用大脑中动脉闭塞方法建立脑缺血再灌注模型,观察大鼠脑缺血再灌注后不同时间段（2 h、24 h）神经功能缺损评分;应用免疫组化法检测脑组织缺血再灌注24h后Bcl-2、Bax的表达。结果人参皂甙Rg1组大鼠脑缺血后各时间点神经功能缺损评分显著低于单纯缺血再灌注组（P〈0.05）;与单纯缺血再灌注组相比,人参皂甙Rg1各组Bcl-2表达显著增高,Bax表达显著降低,Bcl-2/Bax比值显著上调（P〈0.05）。结论人参皂甙Rg1防治大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制可能与促进脑组织Bcl-2表达、抑制Bax表达有关,且以高剂量效果较好。     

褪黑素通过激活SIRT1信号通路发挥抗肺缺血再灌注损伤作用

目的:研究褪黑素(Melatonin,Mel)在肺缺血再灌注损伤中的作用,明确沉默信息调控因子1(Silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)信号通路在这一过程中的关键作用。方法:建立大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤(IR)模型,实验分为Control、IR、IR+10 mg/Kg Mel、IR+20 mg/Kg Mel、IR+30 mg/Kg Mel五组,通过检测支气管肺泡灌洗液中白细胞数目、蛋白含量和肺组织中丙二醛(MDA)水平、干湿重比等指标明确肺组织损伤程度,Western blot检测SIRT1通路相关分子及凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平,研究其作用机制。结果:与IR组相比,Mel处理显著降低了支气管肺泡灌洗液中白细胞数量、蛋白含量和肺组织MDA含量、干湿重比(P0.05);Mel还显著上调了SIRT1表达,降低了Ac-FOXO1表达(P0.05);此外,Mel显著提高了抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达,下调了凋亡蛋白Bax表达(P0.05)。结论:Mel具有明确的抗肺缺血再灌注损伤的作用,SIRT1信号通路在该过程中可能扮演重要角色。     

Rb1、Rg1对肾缺血／再灌注血清诱导HK-2细胞凋亡中Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响

目的：探讨人参皂甙Rb1、Rg1在肾缺血／再灌注血清诱导HK-2细胞凋亡中对Bol-2、Bax表达的影响。方法：制备家兔肾缺血／再灌注血清（SIR）和对照组血清（SC）用于HK-2细胞培养,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡。实验分组：对照组、缺血／再灌注组、Rb1干预组、Rg1干预组,培养24h后免疫细胞化学法检测Bcl-2、Bax的表达。结果：与缺血／再灌注组比较,Rb1干预组和Rg1干预组Bax的表达明显下降（P〈0．01）,Bcl-2／Bax比值增大。结论：人参皂甙Rb1、Rg1对肾缺血／再灌注血清诱导HK-2细胞凋亡具有保护作用。     

人参皂甙 Rb1对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞Bcl-2、Bax、Bad、Fas基因表达的影响

目的观察人参皂甙Rb1对缺血再灌注心肌细胞Bcl-2、Bax、Bad、Fas基因表达的影响.方法结扎/松解Wistar大鼠左冠状动脉前降支,建立大鼠缺血再灌注动物模型,免疫组化法检测Bcl-2、Bax、Bad、Fas基因的蛋白表达,并利用图象分析系统测量蛋白阳性表达区域平均光密度值,进行定量分析.结果缺血再灌注组及Rb1治疗组Bcl-2、Bax、Bad、Fas基因的表达较假手术组明显增加(P<0.05), Rb1治疗组Bcl-2的表达与缺血再灌注组比较无明显差异(P>0.05),而Bax、Bad、Fas的表达明显下降(P<0.05),人参皂甙Rb1治疗组Bcl-2/Bax、Bcl-2/Bad以及Bcl-2/Fas比值均较假手术组与缺血再灌注组明显增加.结论人参皂甙Rb1治疗可以抑制缺血再灌注心肌细胞中促凋亡基因Bax、Bad、Fas的表达,并使Bcl-2/Bax、Bcl-2/Bad以及Bcl-2/Fas比值增加.     

PEP-1超氧化物歧化酶对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后Bcl-2的影响

目的：观察细胞穿透肽-铜,锌超氧化物歧化酶（PEP-1-SOD1）预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的改善作用及其脑保护机制。方法：线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血6h后再灌注损伤模型,进行神经行为评分,并通过HE染色在光镜下观察神经细胞损伤变化,免疫组化法检测B细胞淋巴瘤基因-2（B—celllymphoma-2,Bcl-2）蛋白的阳性表达。结果：盐水对照组（缺血再灌注组或模型组）神经障碍显著高于假手术组（P〈0．05）,与模型组相比,PEP-1-SOD1预处理组可降低神经障碍评分（P〈0．05）;光镜下,假手术组神经细胞结构正常,PEP-1-SDO1预处理组和缺血再灌注组均有不同程度的缺血再灌注损伤,PEP-1-SOD1预处理组较缺血再灌注组损伤轻;假手术组Bcl-2蛋白表达极弱,缺血再灌注组和PEP-1-SOD1预处理组在脑缺血再灌注后6h在缺血半暗带周围出现Bcl-2蛋白阳性表达,24h达到高峰,48h表达开始减少。与假手术组相比,PEP-1-SOD1预处理组和缺血再灌注组Bcl-2蛋白阳性细胞数显著增多（P〈0．05）;与缺血再灌注组相比,PEP-1-SOD1预处理组Bcl-2蛋白阳性细胞数显著增多（P〈0．05）。结论：PEP-1-SOD1对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,PEP-1-SOD1可通过上调Bcl-2蛋白的表达发挥脑保护作用。     

PEP-1 超氧化物歧化酶对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后Bcl-2 的影响

目的:观察细胞穿透肽-铜,锌超氧化物歧化酶(PEP-1-SOD1)预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的改善作用及其脑保护机制。方法:线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血6h后再灌注损伤模型,进行神经行为评分,并通过HE染色在光镜下观察神经细胞损伤变化,免疫组化法检测B细胞淋巴瘤基因-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)蛋白的阳性表达。结果:盐水对照组(缺血再灌注组或模型组)神经障碍显著高于假手术组(P<0.05),与模型组相比,PEP-1-SOD1预处理组可降低神经障碍评分(P<0.05);光镜下,假手术组神经细胞结构正常,PEP-1-SOD1预处理组和缺血再灌注组均有不同程度的缺血再灌注损伤,PEP-1-SOD1预处理组较缺血再灌注组损伤轻;假手术组Bcl-2蛋白表达极弱,缺血再灌注组和PEP-1-SOD1预处理组在脑缺血再灌注后6h在缺血半暗带周围出现Bcl-2蛋白阳性表达,24h达到高峰,48h表达开始减少。与假手术组相比,PEP-1-SOD1预处理组和缺血再灌注组Bcl-2蛋白阳性细胞数显著增多(P<0.05);与缺血再灌注组相比,PEP-1-SOD1预处理组Bcl-2蛋白阳性细胞数显著增多(P<0.05)。结论:PEP-1-SOD1对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,PEP-1-SOD1可通过上调Bcl-2蛋白的表达发挥脑保护作用。     

丁酸钠通过调节SIRT1/AMPK信号通路对慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨丁酸钠（NaB）通过调节沉默信息调节因子1（SIRT1）/单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）信号通路对慢性肾衰竭（CRF）大鼠肾功能的影响。方法：选用SD大鼠72只,随机分为6组（12只/组）：control组、Model组、NaB低剂量组（100 mg/kg）、NaB中剂量组（200 mg/kg）、NaB高剂量组（400 mg/kg）、抑制剂组（400 mg/kg NaB+2 mg/kg SIRT1/AMPK通路抑制剂EX527）;采用饲喂0.5%腺嘌呤饲料以建立CRF大鼠模型,建模成功后,灌胃和腹腔注射相应药物。使用试剂盒检测大鼠24 h尿蛋白（24 h U-pro）、血清肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）水平;采用苏木精-伊红（HE）及Masson染色法观察肾脏病理改变,并计算胶原容积分数（CVF）;采用茜素红染色法与主动脉钙含量测定评估主动脉钙化情况;采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测各组大鼠肾脏组织白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-β、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α水平;采用过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）、活性氧（ROS）检测试剂盒检测大鼠肾脏组织中CAT、MDA、ROS水平;采用蛋白免疫印迹法（WB）检测各组大鼠SIRT1/AMPK信号通路及骨形态发生蛋白2（BMP2）、Runt相关转录因子2（Runx2）蛋白的表达。结果：与control组比较,Model组大鼠肾脏组织损伤严重、胶原纤维沉积显著、主动脉钙化严重,CAT活性、SIRT1、p-AMPK/AMPK表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）,CVF、主动脉钙含量和SCr、BUN、24 h U-pro、IL-6、IL-β、TNF-α、MDA、ROS水平及BMP2、Runx2蛋白表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）;与Model组比较,NaB低、中、高剂量组大鼠肾脏组织损伤减轻、胶原纤维沉积面积明显减少、主动脉钙化程度减轻,CVF、主动脉钙含量和SCr、BUN、24 h U-pro、IL-6、IL-β、TNF-α、MDA、ROS水平及BMP2、Runx2蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）,CAT活性、SIRT1、p-AMPK/AMPK表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）;SIRT1/AMPK通路抑制剂EX527可降低高剂量NaB对CRF大鼠主动脉钙化和肾功能的改善作用（P<0.05）。结论：NaB可能通过激活SIRT1/AMPK信号通路,减轻肾脏组织炎症、氧化应激损伤、主动脉钙化和肾纤维化,从而起到改善CRF大鼠肾功能的作用。     

SP600125对大鼠肺缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制

目的:探讨SP600125-c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)特异性抑制剂对大鼠肺缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制。方法:复制在体大鼠原位单肺缺血/再灌注模型,随机分3组(n=10):假手术对照组(Control组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)与缺血再灌注+SP600125干预组(SP600125组)。实验结束时取肺组织测湿/干重比(W/D)、肺泡损伤率(IAR);采用蛋白印迹法检测肺组织磷酸化JNK(p-JNK)、JNK蛋白的表达;免疫组化法检测肺组织Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白的表达;原位末端标记法检测肺组织细胞凋亡指数(AI);电镜观察肺组织超微结构的改变。结果:SP600125组肺组织p-JNK、Bax、caspase-3的蛋白表达显著低于I/R组(均P<0.01),Bcl-2的蛋白表达及Bcl-2/Bax的比值显著高于I/R组(均P<0.01),AI、W/D及IAR显著低于I/R组(均P<0.01),肺组织超微结构损伤不同程度减轻。结论:SP600125可能通过抑制JNK信号通路,上调Bcl-2/Bax的比值减少caspase-3依赖性的肺细胞凋亡,从而减轻肺缺血/再灌注损伤。     

SIRT2抑制对MPP+诱导的帕金森病细胞模型凋亡和线粒体动态平衡的影响*

探究siRNA敲减沉默信息调节因子2(SIRT2)对1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子(MPP⁺)诱导的帕金森病细胞模型细胞损伤的影响和机制。CCK-8法检测不同浓度MPP⁺处理对体外培养小鼠海马神经元HT-22细胞生存率的影响。将细胞分为对照组、MPP⁺最佳浓度处理组(1 mmol/L MPP⁺处理组)、阴性转染组(对照组基础上转染SIRT2阴性序列)、SIRT2 siRNA处理组(损伤组基础上转染SIRT2 siRNA)。观察各组细胞凋亡情况,检测凋亡相关蛋白(Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-9)、线粒体分裂及融合相关蛋白(Drp1、Fis1、OPA1、Mfn1、Mfn2)。与对照组相比,MPP⁺处理组细胞抑制率均升高,细胞抑制率随MPP⁺浓度增加而逐渐增加(P<0.05)。与SIRT2 siRNA转染组相比,损伤组Bax、Caspase-9、Drp1、Fis1蛋白表达和细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2、Mfn1、Mfn2蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。SIRT2在MPP⁺诱导帕金森病细胞模型中表达升高,抑制SIRT2可减轻MPP⁺诱导帕金森病细胞模型中细胞凋亡并促进线粒体融合,从而对神经元具有一定的保护作用。     

SIRT1 activation by curcumin pretreatment attenuates mitochondrial oxidative damage induced by myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury

Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI) is harmful to the cardiovascular system and causes mitochondrial oxidative stress. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a type of histone deacetylase, contributes to IRI. Curcumin (Cur) is a strong natural antioxidant and is the active component in Curcuma longa; Cur has protective effects against IRI and may regulate the activity of SIRT1. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Cur pretreatment on myocardial IRI and to elucidate this potential mechanism. Isolated and in vivo rat hearts and cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to IR. Prior to this procedure, the hearts or cardiomyocytes were exposed to Cur in the absence or presence of the SIRT1 inhibitor sirtinol or SIRT1 siRNA. Cur conferred a cardioprotective effect, as shown by improved postischemic cardiac function, decreased myocardial infarct size, decreased myocardial apoptotic index, and several biochemical parameters, including the up-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl2 and the down-regulation of the proapoptotic protein Bax. Sirtinol and SIRT1 siRNA each blocked the Cur-mediated cardioprotection by inhibiting SIRT1 signaling. Cur also resulted in a well-preserved mitochondrial redox potential, significantly elevated mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity, and decreased formation of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde. These observations indicated that the IR-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage was remarkably attenuated. However, this Cur-elevated mitochondrial function was reversed by sirtinol or SIRT1 siRNA treatment. In summary, our results demonstrate that Cur pretreatment attenuates IRI by reducing IR-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage through the activation of SIRT1 signaling.     

姜黄素对顺铂所致胃组织ICC损伤的保护作用及机制

目的:探索顺铂对胃组织Cajal间质细胞(Cajal interstitial cells,ICCs)结构和功能的损伤以及姜黄素的保护作用。方法:选用成年雄性昆明种小鼠,随机分为对照组、顺铂组和顺铂+姜黄素组,每组各10只。姜黄素(200 mg/kg/d)混悬液连续灌胃15天。顺铂于实验结束前5天开始腹腔注射(2 mg/kg/d)共5天。计算每只小鼠最后5天的体重增减值,停药24 h后测量小鼠的胃排空率。电镜检测胃组织ICC超微结构,并测定特异性反映ICC功能变化的Ano1蛋白和m RNA的表达情况。结果:注射顺铂后各组小鼠的体重和胃排空率均显著降低(P0.01);与顺铂组相比,姜黄素预先灌胃组小鼠体重下降较少(P0.01),胃排空率有所回升(P0.05)。注射顺铂后,胃组织中ICCs受损,尤其与周围神经和肌肉间的缝隙连接增大甚至断裂,而姜黄素可以减轻这种损伤。同时,顺铂组胃组织中Ano1 m RNA和蛋白表达均下降(P0.01),加姜黄素组有所改善(P0.05)。结论:而姜黄素可通过减轻顺铂所致胃组织ICC结构损伤以及增强Ano1表达进而增强ICC慢波起博功能。     

Curcumin reduces the cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury: involvement of the toll-like receptor 2 in cardiomyocytes

Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric, has protective effects on myocardial injury through attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a key mediator of the innate immune system, is involved in myocardial infarction and examined if controlled by curcumin. Rat cardiomyocytes (CMs) were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, peptidoglycan (PGN) or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) with or without curcumin pretreatment. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed curcumin (300 mg/kg/day) 1 week before cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The expression level of TLR2 and cardiac function were assessed. Both mRNA and protein of TLR2 were up-regulated in infarcted myocardium, while TLR4 remained unchanged. In CMs, TLR2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 mRNAs were increased by TNF-α, PGN or H/R, whereas they were blunted by curcumin. Immunofluorescence staining of CMs also showed that TLR2 and MCP-1 were increased after H/R, whereas curcumin-pretreated CMs were not. In animal study, 2 weeks after I/R, TLR2 was increased in the infarct zone, whereas it stayed unchanged in the Cur+I/R group. Macrophage infiltration (CD68), high-mobility group box 1 and fibrosis were increased in the I/R group, whereas they were decreased in the Cur+I/R group. Connexin 43 was reduced in the I/R group, while it recovered significantly in the Cur+I/R group. Cardiac contractility in the Cur+I/R group was also improved compared with that in the I/R group (max dp/dt in Cur+I/R group: 9660±612 vs. I/R group: 8119±366, P<.05). These results suggest that selective inhibition of TLR2 by curcumin could be preventive and therapeutic for myocardial infarction.     

Ginsenoside Rg1 Protects against Cardiac Remodeling in Heart Failure via SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy

Adverse cardiac remodeling may lead to the development and progression of heart failure, which is lack of effective clinical treatment. Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1), a primary ingredient of Panax ginseng, protects against diverse cardiovascular disease, but its effects on cardiac remodeling remain unclear. Thus, we investigated the protective effect and mechanism of GRg1 on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. GRg1 significantly ameliorated cardiac remodeling in mice with left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, reflected by reduced left ventricular dilation and decreased cardiac fibrosis, accompanied by improved cardiac function. Mechanistically, GRg1 considerably increased mitophagosomes formation, ameliorated cardiac mitochondria damage, and enhanced SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy during cardiac remodeling. Consistently, GRg1 increased cell viability and attenuated apoptosis and fibrotic responses in H₂O₂-treated H9c2 cells by promoting the SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin axis. Furthermore, SIRT1-specific inhibitor (EX527) or the use of small interfering RNA against Parkin abolished the protective effect of GRg1 in vitro. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of GRg1 alleviating cardiac remodeling via enhancing SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.     

Mild hypothermia pretreatment protects hepatocytes against ischemia reperfusion injury via down-regulating miR-122 and IGF-1R/AKT pathway

BackgroundMild hypothermia has been well known as an effective way to reduce ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), while the mechanisms are still unclear. More and more evidences have indicated that miRNAs should been involved in the regulation of IRI and expecially some miRNAs have shown temp-responsiveness for temperature variation. Therefore, the role of miR-122 in mild hypothermia pretreatment after IRI was investigated.MethodsWe established a LO2 cell anoxia-reoxygenation injury model to simulate liver IRI. Five groups of differently pretreated L02 cells were studied. ALT, AST and LDH as well as cell viability were measured. Flow cytometric analysis was used to evaluate the apoptosis. The expression of miR-122 was quantified by qRT-PCR. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), protein kinase B (p-AKT), AKT, forkhead box O3a (p-FOXO3a) and Caspase3 were examined using western blot analysis.ResultsWe found that mild hypothermia pretreatment could reduce the hepatocellular injury and induce a significant down-regulation in miR-122 expression after IRI. However, those effects of protection were attenuated by overexpressed miR-122 blockade. We further demonstrated that down-regulation of miR-122 promoted IGF-1R translation and AKT activity, suppressed FOXO3a activity and Caspase3 expression after mild hypothermia pretreatment, which was abrogated by miR-122 mimic.ConclusionOur data clearly demonstrate that mild hypothermia pretreatment can down-regulate miR-122 to protect hepatocytes against IRI through activation IGF-1R/AKT signaling pathway and inhibit cells apoptosis.     

Quercetin protected against isoniazide‐induced HepG2 cell apoptosis by activating the SIRT1/ERK pathway

Isoniazid (INH) is one of the most commonly used antituberculosis drugs, but its clinical applications have been limited by severe hepatic toxicity. Quercetin (Que), a natural flavonoid, has been proved to have many medicinal properties. This study aimed to clarify the possible protective effects of Que against INH‐induced hepatotoxicity using HepG2 cells. Our results indicated that Que significantly increased cell viability, superoxide dismutase, and GSH levels, while decreased alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels. Besides, Que significantly abrogated INH‐induced cell apoptosis by upregulating the expression levels of Bcl‐2 and decreasing the levels of Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, and cleaved caspase‐9. Furthermore, Que obviously reversed the inhibition of INH on Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Next, the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 blocked the enhancement of Que upon ERK phosphorylation. Notably, EX527 partially abolished the beneficial effects of Que. In brief, our results provided the first evidence that Que protected against INH‐induced HepG2 cells by regulating the SIRT1/ERK pathway.