探讨肺曲霉病患者甘露聚糖结合凝集素(MBL)及T细胞亚群的变化

目的探讨肺曲霉病急性期患者甘露聚糖结合凝集素(MBL)及T细胞亚群的变化。方法收集2013年5月~2015年5月就诊于山东省胸科医院呼吸科的肺曲霉病患者51例,同时选52例健康查体者作为对照组,采用Elisa方法检测血清MBL和半乳甘露聚糖(GM)的水平。同时分离外周血单个核细胞,通过流式细胞仪检测测定CD3~+CD4~+T淋巴细胞百分比、CD3~+CD8~+T淋巴细胞百分比及CD3~+CD4~+/CD3~+CD8~+T淋巴细胞比值。结果肺曲霉病组、健康对照组血清MBL水平为197.96±148.16和120.25±98.65μg/mL,P0.05,差异有统计学意义;血清GM水平分别为0.94±0.77μg/L和0.32±0.16μg/L,P0.05,差异有统计学意义。肺曲霉病组、健康对照组CD3~+CD4~+T淋巴细胞百分比分别为33.07±7.97、40.32±7.30(P0.05),CD3~+CD8~+淋巴细胞百分比为33.00±8.29、25.98±6.65(P0.05),CD3~+CD4~+/CD3~+CD8~+T淋巴细胞比值为1.08±0.47、1.68±0.65(P0.05)。结论肺曲霉病组患者的MBL及CD3~+CD4~+T淋巴细胞、CD3~+CD8~+T淋巴细胞、CD3~+CD4~+/CD3~+CD8~+T淋巴细胞比值会出现显著的变化,可以初步评估患者机体免疫状态,也为肺曲霉病的免疫增强治疗提供了理论依据。     

日本七鳃鳗类淋巴细胞的分离及细胞学特征

为分离纯化并鉴定日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)血液中的类淋巴细胞,采用Ficoll密度梯度离心法分离出单个核细胞层,并得到分离单个核细胞层的最佳分离液比重为1.092。利用流式细胞仪对分离到的单个核细胞层细胞进行分选,根据细胞的前向光及侧向光散射特征成功分选出类淋巴细胞,分选效率为95.68%,每毫升外周血可分离纯化得到类淋巴细胞2.4×106个。通过透射电镜观察七鳃鳗类淋巴细胞,细胞为圆形或椭圆形,细胞表面有突起、无微绒毛,胞质内含有板状嵴线粒体、粗面内质网、游离核糖体和液泡等。淋巴细胞异质性实验结果表明,日本七鳃鳗血液白细胞中尚未发现T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞的分化。     

免疫磁珠分离淋巴细胞在流式交叉配型试验中的应用及研究

目的探讨免疫磁珠快速分离法及密度梯度离心(Ficoll)分离法分离外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)在流式细胞交叉配型中的应用比较。方法取10例交叉配型供体外周抗凝血各10 ml,受体非抗凝血5 ml,分别采用密度梯度离心与免疫磁珠阴性选择试剂盒从相同体积的抗凝血中分离PBMC。用血细胞计数比较两种方法分离的WBC、PLT、RBC粒度分布和PBMC中淋巴细胞的纯度;用细胞流式和淋巴细胞表面标记荧光抗体检测两种方法分离得到的PBMC中T、B和NK细胞的数量质量;将免疫磁珠阴性分离和密度梯度离心法分离的供者PBMC与受者血清共孵育,加入羊抗人IgG-FITC,洗涤后加入抗人CD3-PE、抗人CD19-APC单克隆抗体,再用流式细胞仪检测细胞表面荧光强度。采用方差分析和t检验进行统计学分析。结果免疫磁珠阴性分离的PBMC数量是Ficoll分离PBMC的0.42倍,但淋巴细胞的比例[(99.2±0.08)﹪]高于PBMC分离的淋巴细胞比例[(82.5±5.27)﹪(t=9.91,P0.01)],且两种方法分离的PBMC中RBC分别为(0.001±0.001)×10~6/μl和(0.02±0.009)×10~6/μl(t=6.64,P0.001);血小板的数量分别为(1.00±0.05)×10~3/μl和(196.00±4.21)×10~3/μl差异均有统计学意义(t=146.46,P0.01)。流式细胞检测免疫磁珠分离的PBMC中CD3~+T细胞为(81.33±4.60)﹪,CD19~+B细胞为(8.41±0.87)﹪,CD3-CD56~+NK细胞为(9.35±0.67)﹪和CD3~+CD56~+NKT细胞为(2.47±0.07)﹪。而Ficoll分离的PBMC中CD3~+T细胞为(37.36±3.27)﹪,CD19~+B细胞为(5.79±0.94)﹪,CD56~+NK细胞为(6.60±0.91)﹪,且差异均有统计学意义(t=24.64、6.470、7.70、51.31,P均0.01)。T和B淋巴细胞流式交叉配型试验中,设门定量读取T和B淋巴细胞与受者血清中抗体结合情况,密度梯度离心获得的淋巴细胞中混有血小板等,使流式检测结果中会混有假阴性,而免疫磁珠分离法没有出现假阴性结果。证明免疫磁珠分离的PBMC可应用于临床交叉配型试验。结论免疫磁珠阴性选择分离全血PBMC,用时短,纯度高,去除了99﹪的血小板,不混有红细胞、血小板,是一种优于Ficoll分离PBMC的新方法。     

siRNA沉默t-bet基因对CD4、CD8T淋巴细胞亚群IFN-γ产生的影响

利用化学合成针对人t-bet基因的小干扰RNA（siRNA）,转染体外培养的人外周血单个核细胞,利用流式细胞仪分选纯化CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞,半定量RT-PCR检测CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞中t-betmRNA的表达变化,流式细胞术检测转染前后IFN-γ产生的变化情况。探讨转录因子t-bet对人CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞亚群IFN-γ产生的调控作用。与对照组相比,转染后的人CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞t-betmRNA表达水平明显下降;转染siRNA后,CD4＋T淋巴细胞中IFN-γ＋细胞比例为（18.46±6.86）%,与对照组（50.20±5.91）%比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;CD8＋T淋巴细胞IFN-γ＋细胞比例为（74.18±9.33）%,和对照组（76.51±6.49）%比较差异不明显（P〉0.05）。体外转录合成的siRNA可有效降低人CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞t-bet的基因表达;转录因子t-bet对人不同淋巴细胞亚群IFN-γ的产生所起作用不同。     

应用流式细胞术分析林麝外周血 CD4+、CD8+ T淋巴细胞

通过对圈养林麝(Moschusberezovskii)外周血淋巴细胞CD4~+、CD8~+亚群的检测,探讨林麝细胞免疫功能状态,并探索应用流式细胞仪分析其淋巴细胞亚群的方法,为研究林麝重大疾病的病理机制及诊断方法提供科学依据。本研究选取健康林麝和患呼吸道疾病林麝各5头,以双色流式细胞术检测其外周血淋巴细胞CD4~+、CD8~+亚群的含量,并进行比较。结果显示,羊源CD4、CD8的流式荧光抗体能够标记林麝细胞并有效检测;患病林麝与健康林麝相比,外周血CD4~+细胞含量无差异(P 0.05),CD8~+细胞含量则显著降低(P 0.01),CD4~+/CD8~+比值显著增高(P 0.01)。结果表明,患呼吸系统炎性疾病的林麝其外周血淋巴细胞CD8~+亚群变化显著,检测淋巴细胞亚群对林麝疾病的诊断有重要意义。     

甘草酸二铵对于HCV相关性B-NHLCD25-和CD25+T细胞增殖影响研究

目的:本研究初步探究甘草酸二铵(Diammonium Glycyrrihizinate,DG)对HCV相关性B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤(B-cellnon-Hodgkin's lymphoma,B-NHL)CD25-T细胞、CD25+T细胞的免疫调控作用。方法:应用流式细胞分析仪检测HCV相关性B-NHL CD4+CD25+T细胞占CD4+T细胞的比例、CD25+细胞占总PBMC比例,并与单纯HCV感染患者、健康人检测结果相对照。应用免疫磁珠分离法(MACS)分选获得CD25-和CD25+细胞,将两者和未分选的外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclearcell,PBMC)以CFSE标染孵育72小时后,应用流式细胞分析仪将APC CD3阳性细胞设定为门检测CD25-T细胞、未分选T细胞、CD25+T细胞的增殖情况,及甘草酸二铵干预后的CD25-T细胞、CD25+T细胞增殖情况。结果:应用流式细胞分析仪检测健康人、单纯HCV感染者和HCV相关性B-NHL患者在CD4+CD25+占总CD4+细胞比例和CD25+占总细胞比例上均呈现逐步递增的关系(分别为33.94%±2.18%,57.95%...     

鼻咽癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平分析

目的:研究鼻咽癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平的特点、影响因素及临床意义。方法:运用流式细胞仪对66例鼻咽癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群进行检测,并分析患者T淋巴细胞亚群变化,比较其与正常人群对照组的差异。结果:鼻咽癌患者CD4+细胞数减少(40.58±15.26%),明显低于正常对照组(P0.01),CD8+细胞数增加,Th/Ts比值下降或倒置(0.92±0.57)。结论:鼻咽癌患者存在细胞免疫功能紊乱,检测鼻咽癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的表达对评估患者的细胞免疫功能、疾病的治疗及预后具有一定的临床意义。     

宫颈癌患者外周血CD4+CD25+high调节性T细胞的表达及意义

目的:探讨宫颈癌患者外周血中CD4~ CD25~( high)调节性T(regulator T cells,Tr)的表达及意义。方法:采用流式细胞术检测52例宫颈癌患者,35例健康女性外周血中CD4~ CD25~( high)Tr、细胞毒性T细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocytes,CTL)和NK细胞,采用ELISA检测血清中-干扰素(interferon,IFN-)的表达水平。结果:宫颈癌患者外周血CD4~ CD25~( high)Tr占CD4~ T淋巴细胞的百分比为(7.18±2.32)%,高于健康女性组(P<0.05);宫颈癌患者外周血CD4~ CD25~( high)Tr水平与CTL、NK细胞及IFN-水平呈负相关。结论:宫颈癌患者外周血中具免疫抑制活性的CD4~ CD25~( high)Tr水平较高,参与宫颈癌患者的肿瘤免疫抑制。     

SLE带状疱疹患者外周血CD4~+CD28~+和CD4~+CD25~+FoxP3~+调节性T细胞的表达及相关性研究

目的:检测系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)合并带状疱疹患者外周血CD4~+CD28~+和CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+调节性T细胞的表达及相关性,探讨其在SLE合并带状疱疹发病中的临床意义。方法:采用流式细胞术检测30例SLE患者、30例SLE合并带状疱疹患者及30例健康对照者外周血中CD4~+/CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群表面CD28的表达及CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg细胞的表达水平,并分析SLE合并带状疱疹患者外周血CD4~+CD28~+和CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+调节性T细胞表达的相关性。结果:SLE合并带状疱疹组患者急性期外周血CD4~+T淋巴细胞比率、绝对计数显著降低,CD4~+、CD8~+T淋巴细胞表面的CD28表达下调,CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg细胞水平显著高于SLE组及健康对照组,SLE合并带状疱疹组患者外周血CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg水平与CD4~+CD28~+水平成负相关(P均0.05)。结论:SLE合并带状疱疹患者CD4~+、CD8~+T细胞活化异常,CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg细胞可能参与抑制了T细胞的活化。     

两种不同密度分离液分离的脐血CD34+、CD34-细胞造血活性比较

目的:比较两种不同密度的ficoll-泛影葡胺分离造血干细胞群的效果,找出更适合分离脐血造血干、祖细胞的分离密度,为脐血造血干细胞的医学研究及临床应用提供一定依据。方法:采集脐血6份,根据密度梯度离心法,用质量分数为(1.068±0.001)g/m L、(1.077±0.001)g/m L ficoll-泛影葡胺分离液等量分离同一份脐血,分别计数这两种分离液的单个核细胞获得率及细胞存活率,得到的单个核细胞再分别经免疫磁珠分选法获得高纯度的CD34~+细胞及除去了CD34~+的单个核细胞(CD34~(-depleted) MNCs),统计分析这两种不同密度分离液获得的CD34~+细胞、CD34~(-depleted)MNCs在甲基纤维素中形成CFU-GM集落数。结果:1(1.068±0.001)g/m L、(1.077±0.001)g/m L两种分离液分离的单个核细胞平均密度分别为(1.52±1.0)×10~6个/m L、(2.84±0.98)×10~6个/m L,(P0.05);经免疫磁珠纯化后的CD34~+细胞占单个核细胞(MNCs)的比率分别是(1.26±0.47)%、(1.07±0.15)%,(P0.05);2(1.068±0.001)g/m L分离的单个核细胞经免疫磁珠纯化后1.5×10~3个CD34~+细胞形成CFU-GM的集落(140.5±14.5)显著多于(1.077±0.001)g/m L的集落数(118.3±13.8)(P0.05);(1.068±0.001)g/m L分离的5×10~4个CD34~(-depleted) MNCs形成的CFU-GM集落数(132.0±5.1)也显著多于(1.077±0.001)g/m L的集落数(101.3±9.4),(P0.05)。结论:与1.077 g/m L Ficoll相比,1.068g/m L Ficoll-泛影葡胺分离液分离的单个核细胞中的CD34~+、CD34~-细胞造血活性更强,更适合用来分离脐血中造血干细胞群。     

外周血T细胞CD38和HLA-DR的表达水平在儿童传染性单核细胞增多症中的临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨传染性单核细胞增多症（IM）患儿外周血T细胞活化分子CD38和人类白细胞抗原DR（HLA-DR）表达水平的临床意义。方法：采用流式细胞术分别检测45例IM患儿急性期和恢复期的活化分子CD38和HLA-DR在T细胞的表达水平,并与30例健康体检儿童进行对比。分析IM患儿急性期CD38和HLA-DR在T细胞的表达水平与EB病毒载量、肝功能指标、外周血异型淋巴细胞比例、淋巴细胞计数的相关性,并采用ROC曲线分析CD8⁺CD38⁺T和CD8⁺HLA-DR+T细胞百分比的诊断效能。结果：与对照组比较,IM急性期患儿的CD38和HLA-DR在T细胞的表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05）。CD8⁺CD38⁺T、CD8⁺HLA-DR+T细胞百分比分别与EBV-DNA、ALT、AST、LDH、异型淋巴细胞百分比、淋巴细胞计数呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与白蛋白（ALB）呈负相关（P＜0.05）;CD4⁺CD38⁺T、CD4⁺HLA-DR+T细胞百分比与上述指标无显著相关性（P均＞0.05）。IM恢复期CD38和HLA-DR在T细胞的表达水平较急性期明显降低（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析CD8⁺CD38⁺T、CD8⁺HLA-DR+T细胞百分比显示诊断儿童IM的AUC值分别为0.931和0.993,特异度均为100%,灵敏度分别为88.89 %和93.33 %。结论：流式法检测CD38和HLA-DR在T细胞的变化有助于判断病情变化。外周血CD8⁺CD38⁺T、CD8⁺HLA-DR+T细胞百分比不仅能反映出IM急性期肝功能损伤严重程度,还可作为儿童IM的流式诊断指标。     

良性前列腺增生患者外周血Th17和Treg细胞比率的变化

目的:探讨良性前列腺增生患者外周血Th17和Treg细胞比率的变化。方法:选择33例良性前列腺增生患者及19例正常对照者为研究对象,采用流式细胞术检测和比较其外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群及Th17和Treg细胞占CD4~+T细胞的比率。结果:良性前列腺增生患者外周血Th17和Treg细胞占CD4~+T细胞的比率分别为1.58±0.71和1.76±0.83,Th17/Treg的比率为0.89±0.42。正常健康对照者外周血Th17和Treg细胞占CD4~+T细胞的比率分别为0.75±0.46和1.83±0.75,Th17/Treg的比率为0.41±0.32。良性前列腺增生患者外周血Th17占CD4~+T细胞的比率和Th17/Treg的比率明显高于正常健康对照者(P0.05)。结论:良性前列腺增生患者体内Th17细胞比率升高,Th17/Treg比率失衡,可能与良性前列腺增生的发生、发展有关。     

The Reduction of Peripheral Blood CD4+ T Cell Indicates Persistent Organ Failure in Acute Pancreatitis

ObjectiveFew data are available on the potential role of inflammatory mediators and T lymphocytes in persistent organ failure (POF) in acute pancreatitis (AP). We conducted a retrospective study to characterize their role in the progression of POF in AP.MethodsA total of 69 AP patients presented within 24 hours from symptom onset developing organ failure (OF) on admission were included in our study. There were 39 patients suffering from POF and 30 from transient OF (TOF). On the 1st, 3rd and 7th days after admission, blood samples were collected for biochemical concentration monitoring including serum IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The proportions of peripheral CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes were assessed based on flow cytometry simultaneously.ResultsPatients with POF showed a significantly higher value of IL-1β and hs-CRP on day 7 compared with the group of TOF (P < 0.05). Proportions of CD4⁺ T cells on days 1, 3, 7 and CD4⁺ / CD8⁺ ratio on day 1 were statistically lower in the group of POF patients (P < 0.05). A CD4⁺ T cell proportion of 30.34% on day 1 predicted POF with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.798, a sensitivity with 61.54% and specificity with 90.00%, respectively.ConclusionsThe reduction of peripheral blood CD4⁺ T lymphocytes is associated with POF in AP, and may act as a potential predictor.     

外周血Treg细胞、T淋巴细胞及其亚群与早期宫颈癌的关系及对淋巴结转移的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：分析外周血Treg细胞、T淋巴细胞及其亚群与早期宫颈癌的关系及对淋巴结转移的预测价值。方法：选择我院自2017年1月至2020年12月接诊的60例接受子宫颈癌根治术及盆腔淋巴清扫术的早期宫颈癌患者作为观察组,另选同期的60例健康体检者作为对照组。比较两组外周血Treg细胞、T淋巴细胞及其亚群水平,使用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）评价外周血Treg细胞、T淋巴细胞及其亚群对淋巴结转移的预测效能。结果：观察组外周血Treg细胞、CD8⁺T细胞水平高于对照组,CD3⁺T细胞、CD4⁺T细胞、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组术后外周血Treg细胞、CD8⁺T细胞水平较术前降低,CD3⁺T细胞、CD4⁺T细胞、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值均较术前升高（P＜0.05）;在60例早期宫颈癌患者中,发生淋巴结转移12例;淋巴结转移组术前外周血Treg细胞水平、CD8⁺T细胞高于非淋巴结转移组,CD3⁺T细胞、CD4⁺T细胞、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值均低于非淋巴结转移组（P＜0.05）;经多因素Logistic回归分析,外周血Treg细胞、CD3⁺T细胞、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值均是早期宫颈癌患者发生淋巴结转移的独立预测因素（P＜0.05）;经ROC曲线分析,外周血Treg细胞、CD3⁺T细胞联合CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值预测早期宫颈癌患者发生淋巴结转移的AUC为0.910。结论：外周血Treg细胞、T淋巴细胞及其亚群水平与早期宫颈癌的病情演变有关,其中外周血Treg细胞、CD3⁺T细胞联合CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值预测淋巴结转移的效能较好,值得进一步研究应用。     

肝癌小鼠外周血及脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及其意义

目的:观察小鼠原位肝癌模型外周血以及脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群与正常小鼠之间的差异变化,探讨其差异变化的意义。方法:在正常KM小鼠肝脏种植H22细胞,建立小鼠原位模型。采用流式细胞术,以健康正常小鼠为对照,检测肝癌小鼠外周血以及脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果:与健康正常小鼠相比,肝癌小鼠外周血CD4~+T淋巴细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+比例有显著性降低,CD8~+T淋巴细胞显著性升高;脾脏CD3~+、CD4~+T淋巴细胞有显著性降低。结论:小鼠原位肝癌模型外周血以及脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群发生异常,免疫系统紊乱,可以反映小鼠肝癌的发生、发展。     

Intracellular cytokine profile of T cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Purpose: During an ongoing immune response, cytokines produced by T helper types 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) together with T cytotoxic types 1 (Tc1) and 2 (Tc2) are critical to the effectiveness of that response. Dysregulated expansion of one or the other subset may contribute to the impaired function of the T-cell-mediated immune system in cancer patients. In the present study we have investigated whether such dysregulation might exist in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods: We analyzed 61 blood samples from 45 children with B cell precursor ALL and 16 healthy children. Interleukin(IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon γ (IFNγ) production of their respective purified CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells were assessed at the single-cell level by intracellular-cytokine-staining flow cytometry. Results: At the time of diagnosis, IL-2-producing cell populations in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells were reduced below the normal range in 31 of 44 (70.5%) and 23 of 38 (60.5%) cases respectively. Similarly, IFNγ-producing cell populations in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells decreased in 17 of 44 (38.6%) and 18 of 38 (47.4%) cases respectively. Conversely cell populations capable of IL-4 production in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell subsets were increased in 13 of 30 (43.3%) and 15 of 30 (50.0%) cases respectively. Therefore, the Th1-to-Th2 and Tc1-to-Tc2 ratios (1.6 ± 2.2 and 7.7 ± 6.7 respectively) were significantly lower in peripheral blood T cells of ALL patients (n = 30) than those (6.0 ± 2.9 and 20.1 ± 10.3 respectively) in 15 healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Although both CD45RA⁺/CD4⁺ and CD45RA⁺/CD8⁺ cells significantly increased in 43 ALL patients (P < 0.05), there existed no apparent correlation between CD45 isoform expression and cytokine (IL-2 and IFNγ) production. Interestingly, the ability to produce both IL-2 and IFNγ was recovered in 8 cases examined, after complete remission had been achieved. Conclusion: These observations suggest that, in both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells of ALL patients, there is a dysregulation in the functionality of Th1 (Tc1) and Th2 (Tc2) cells with a gross reduction of Th1 (Tc1) cell populations and an expansion in Th2 (Tc2). Received: 12 November 1999 / Accepted: 2 January 2000     

狼疮性肾炎患者血清NETs、TWEAK、外周血CD4+T/CD8+T比例与疾病活动度及肾脏预后的关系

摘要 目的：探讨狼疮性肾炎（LN）患者血清中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）、肿瘤坏死因子样凋亡微弱诱导剂（TWEAK）、外周血分化簇（CD）4⁺T/CD8⁺T比例与疾病活动度及肾脏预后的关系。方法：选取2021年8月～2022年8月川北医学院附属医院肾内科收治的LN患者137例（LN组）,根据系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动指数（SLEDAI）-2000评分分为轻度活动组（52例）、中度活动组（45例）、重度活动组（40例）。随访1年,根据肾脏相关终点事件发生情况分为预后不良组（43例）和预后良好组（94例）,另选取同期76名体检健康志愿者（对照组）。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清NETs、TWEAK水平,流式细胞术检测外周血CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T比例。Spearman相关性分析LN患者血清NETs、TWEAK和外周血CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T与SLEDAI-2000评分的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析LN患者预后不良的因素,受试者工作特征曲线分析血清NETs、TWEAK和外周血CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T对LN患者预后不良的预测价值。结果：与对照组比较,LN组血清NETs、TWEAK水平升高,外周血CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T降低（P＜0.05）。轻度活动组、中度活动组、重度活动组血清NETs、TWEAK依次升高,外周血CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T依次降低（P＜0.05）。LN患者SLEDAI-2000评分与血清NETs、TWEAK呈正相关,与外周血CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T呈负相关（P＜0.05）。慢性肾脏病分期4期、SLEDAI-2000评分升高、NETs升高、TWEAK升高为LN患者预后不良的独立危险因素,估算肾小球滤过率升高、CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T升高为独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。血清NETs、TWEAK和外周血CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T联合预测LN患者预后不良的曲线下面积为0.943,大于血清NETs、TWEAK和外周血CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T单独预测的0.790、0.788、0.799（P＜0.05）。结论：LN患者血清NETs、TWEAK水平升高,外周血CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T降低,与疾病活动度及肾脏预后不良密切相关,血清NETs、TWEAK联合外周血CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T预测LN患者肾脏预后的价值较高。     

Early activation does not translate into effector differentiation of peripheral CD8T cells during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease

Early diagnosis of acute Kawasaki disease (KD), lying in the spectrum between infectious and autoimmune diseases, can be difficult. To clarify the role of peripheral CD8T cells in KD, we examined their activation, proliferation, maturation, and effector function by four-color flow cytometry. Compared to healthy/febrile controls, acute KD patients showed striking increase in early activation marker CD69⁺CD8T cells and maturation subsets, but HLA-DR⁺CD8T cells representing late activation did not increase. Although Ki67⁺CD8T cells reflecting ongoing cell division increased in acute KD and febrile controls, absolute numbers of CD8T cells and maturation subsets decreased in acute KD versus healthy controls. Effector cells were lower in acute than in convalescent KD. Perforin⁺CD8T cells, denoting cytolytic activity, were lower in KD patients versus febrile controls. CD69⁺CD8T cells increase in acute KD but effector differentiation is absent. CD69⁺CD8T cells could be a marker to determine disease progression, treatment response, and convalescence in acute KD.     

Perforin, granzyme B, and FasL expression by peripheral blood T lymphocytes in emphysema

Background

It is generally accepted that emphysematous lungs are characterized by an increase in the numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, the lasts having increased cytotoxic activity. Because systemic inflammation is also a component of emphysema, we hypothesize that peripheral CD8⁺ T lymphocytes of emphysematous smokers who show evidence of systemic inflammation will have higher expression of cytotoxic molecules.

Methods

We assessed parameters of systemic inflammation in normal individuals (smokers or non-smokers) and in emphysematous subjects with an active smoking history by measuring serum interleukine-6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor. Expression of perforin, granzyme B, and FasL protein by CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells were assessed by flow cytometry while perforin, granzyme B, and FasL mRNA expression were measured on purified systemic CD8⁺ T lymphocytes by real-time PCR.

Results

Emphysematous smokers had higher levels of serum interleukine-6 than normal subjects. Even with the presence of systemic inflammation in emphysematous smokers, the percentage of peripheral CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, and NK cells expressing perforin and granzyme B protein was not different between the three groups.

Conclusion

Despite evidence of systemic inflammation, peripheral T lymphocytes of emphysematous smokers did not show higher levels of cytotoxic markers, suggesting that increase of activated T lymphocytes in the emphysematous lung may be due to either activation in the lung or specific peripheral recruitment.     

T Lymphocyte Density and Distribution in Human Colorectal Mucosa,and Inefficiency of Current Cell Isolation Protocols

Mucosal tissues are critical immune effector sites containing complex populations of leukocytes in a tissue microenvironment that remains incompletely understood. We identify and quantify in human distal colorectal tissue absolute mucosal CD3⁺ lymphocytes, including CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ subsets, by direct visualization using immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and an automated counting protocol (r²=0.90). Sigmoid and rectal mucosal tissues are both densely packed with T lymphocytes in the mucosal compartment. Both compartments had similar densities of CD3⁺ T lymphocytes with 37,400 ± 2,801 cells/mm³ and 33,700 ± 4,324 cell/mm³, respectively. Sigmoid mucosa contained 57% CD3⁺CD4⁺ and 40% CD3⁺CD8⁺ T lymphocytes which calculates to 21,300 ± 1,476/mm³ and 15,000 ± 275/mm³ T lymphocytes, respectively. Rectal mucosa had 57% CD3⁺CD4⁺ and 42% CD3⁺CD8⁺ or 21,577 ± 332, and 17,090 ± 1,206 cells/mm³, respectively. By comparison, sigmoid mucosal biopsies subjected to conventional collagenase digestion, mononuclear cell (MMC) isolation and staining for flow cytometry yielded 4,549 ± 381/mm³ and 2,708 ± 245/mm³ CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. These data suggest only ~20.7% recovery compared to IHC results for these markers. Further studies will determine if this reflects a selective bias in only CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells or can be generalized to all flow-analyzed cells from mucosal tissues for phenotyping and functional testing.