土壤腹毛类纤毛虫四新纪录种

利用非淹没培养皿法、活体观察和蛋白银染色法,研究了青岛的土壤纤毛虫,发现2属4种我国新纪录种:澳洲管膜虫(Cyrtohymena australis Foissner,1995)、四核管膜虫[C.quadrinucleata(DragescoNjine,1971)]、犬牙管膜虫[C.candens(Kahl,1932)]及迟钝澳纤虫(Australocirrus oscitans BlattererFoissner,1988)。文中对该4种纤毛虫的活体形态和纤毛图式进行了观察记述,补充了前人描述的不足,并依据统计学特征与相近种群进行了比较。     

低盐度围隔调控环境浮游纤毛虫群落结构与动态

为了解施肥与水质调控对养殖水体中原生动物的影响,2008年6-10月,对低盐度围隔调控环境中浮游纤毛虫种群结构及动态变化进行了研究.通过活体观察和标本固定染色法共检测到浮游纤毛虫48种,分属于3纲11目37属,其中寡毛目纤毛虫种类8种;缘毛目7种,腹毛目和盾纤目均为6种;优势种多为富营养化水体中或耐污性种类,如圆筒状拟铃壳虫(Tintinnopsis cylindrata)、球形急游虫(Stranbidium globosaneum)、海洋帆口虫(Pleuronema marinum)、蚤状中缢虫(Mesodinium pulex)、毛板壳虫(Coleps hirtus)、瓜形膜袋虫(Cyclidium citrullus)等.围隔不同施肥处理,对纤毛虫的群落组成与动态变化影响显著,试验期间,围隔中纤毛虫种类平均值最高为9种,最低为4种;密度平均值最高为112.30cells·ml-1,最低为19.50 cells·ml-1;10个围隔中纤毛虫种类平均分别为6～7种,密度平均为52.56 cells·ml-1;施有机肥培藻的围隔,优势种始终是嗜污性较强的纤毛虫.纤毛虫动态与浮游藻类动态变化密切相关,二者的密度变化特点为前期和后期低,中期较高;但多样性的变化规律相反,纤毛虫的多样性表现为前期和后期低,中期较高,藻类的多样性表现为前期和后期高,中期较低.     

六种土壤腹毛类纤毛虫的形态学研究

本研究采用非淹没培养皿法、活体观察法和蛋白银染色法,对隶属于3科5属的6种土壤腹毛类纤毛虫进行了活体形态学和纤毛图式的研究,包括背褶拟片尾虫(Urosomoida dorsiincisura Foissner,1982)、边缘片尾虫[Urosoma emarginata(Stokes,1885)Berger,1999]、巴西戴维虫(Deviata brasiliensis Siqueira-Castro,PaivaSilva-Neto,2009)、刚强殖口虫[Gonostomum strenuum(Engelmann,1862)Sterki,1878]、拟殖口殖口虫[Gonostomum gonostomoidum(Hemberger,1985)Berger,1999]和布氏瓦拉虫[Wallackia bujoreani(Lepsi,1951)BergerFoissner,1989]。其中,边缘片尾虫和拟殖口殖口虫为国内新记录种;巴西戴维虫为我国土壤新记录种。通过对蛋白银染色显示的纤毛排布结果进行主要分类特征的测量和统计,并计算各个种种群主要分类特征的最小值、最大值、平均值、标准差和变异系数。结果显示,本文所研究6个种的种群与国内外同种种群略有差异,但总体在种内范围内波动。本文丰富了我国纤毛虫的物种多样性,同时丰富了该类群纤毛虫的地理分布研究。     

兰州八里镇蔬菜基地春季土壤纤毛虫群落特征

2005年4月至2007年6月,用活体观察和固定染色方法对兰州八里镇蔬菜基地春季土壤纤毛虫的群落特征进行了研究.共鉴定出土壤纤毛虫67种,其中包括2个未定名种和14个中国土壤纤毛虫新纪录种.在八里镇蔬菜基地的土壤中鉴定到纤毛虫34种,隶属于3纲、7目、17科、18属;下毛目、肾形目、前口目为其优势类群;吻吴氏虫(Woodruffia rostrata)、近亲游仆虫(Euplotes afflnls)、苔藓圆纤虫(Strongylidium muscorum)、鱼形瘦尾虫(Uroleptus piscis)、似膜袋虫(Cyclidium simulans)等为其优势种.在对照样点(兰山)中鉴定到纤毛虫49种,隶属于3纲、9目、23科、30属;下毛目、盾纤目、肾形目和篮口目为其优势类群;苔藓游仆虫(E.muscicola)、近缘殖口虫(Gonostomum affine)、皮速体虫(Tachysoma pellionella)、食藻斜管虫(Cyclidium simulans)等为其优势种.八里镇蔬菜基地和对照样点的Gleason-Margalef物种多样性指数分别为3.672、5.393;与对照样点土壤纤毛虫的群落Jaccard相似系数为0.239.结果表明,八里镇蔬荣基地春季土壤纤毛虫的物种多样性与对照样点相比有所降低,其群落结构简单化.     

甘肃太统-崆峒山国家级自然保护区土壤纤毛虫群落特征Ⅰ

为了深入了解自然保护区的生物物种多样性与生态环境现状的关系,为自然保护区的持续发展提供科学资料.作者于2007年8月至2008年3月间,对甘肃太统.崆峒山国家级自然保护区中太统山森林公园不同生境土壤纤毛虫群落特征进行了研究,共鉴定到土壤纤毛虫104种,隶属3纲10目38科49属,其中包括5个未定名种,6个国内土壤纤毛虫新纪录种.5种生境土壤纤毛虫的物种数分别为:油松林53种、沙棘灌丛59种、蔷薇灌丛62种、荒坡40种及农田24种.在该地区土壤纤毛虫群落中,肾形目、前口目和下毛目为优势类群;齿脊肾形虫(Colpoda steini)、苔藓膜袋虫(Cyclidium muscicola)、刚毛胃纤虫(Homalogastra setosa)、梅氏扁豆虫(Phacodinium metchnikoffi)、有肋薄咽虫(Leptopharynx costatus)、长圆膜袋虫(Cydidium oblongum)、纵长膜袋虫(c.elongatum)、珍珠映毛虫(Cinetochilum margaritaceum)和膨大肾形虫(Colpoda inflata)为优势种.油松林、沙棘灌丛、蔷薇灌丛、荒坡和农田5种生境Gleason-Margalef物种多样性指数依次为6.06、6.51、6.80、4.92和3.17.结果表明,森林、荒坡、农田的纤毛虫物种多样性依次降低,人类活动的干扰导致了土壤纤毛虫物种多样性降低和群落结构趋于简单化.     

夏季南海北部纤毛虫群落组成及其水平分布

在2007年中国科学院南海海洋研究所南海北部开放航次期间,设计了两条纤毛虫采样断面(X断面、Y断面),共13个站位,涵盖了珠江冲淡水区、粤东上升流区和陆坡开阔海区,旨在对纤毛虫的种类组成和空间分布及其影响因素进行探讨。共检出4纲8目22属38种纤毛虫,其中种类数最多的属是砂壳目拟铃虫属(9种),其次是急游目急游属(5种)。本航次中纤毛虫主要是砂壳目纤毛虫(27种),共鉴定出砂壳虫15属27种。纤毛虫优势种为蚤状中缢虫Mesodinium pulex(18.1%),其次是丁丁急游虫Strombidium tintinnodes(9.7%),盾形拟铃虫Tintinnopsis urula(5.8%)。纤毛虫种类数和丰度从近岸向外海逐渐减少,纤毛虫种类数与温度(R2=0.53,P0.05)和盐度(R2=0.43,P0.05)呈负相关,随着温度的升高,纤毛虫种类数逐渐降低。纤毛虫丰度与温度和盐度相关性并不明显,这可能由于受上升流的影响,近岸上升流高盐区存在着纤毛虫丰度较为丰富的情况。叶绿素a浓度与纤毛虫种类数(R2=0.36,P0.05)和纤毛虫丰度(R2=0.36,P0.05)呈正相关,近岸浮游植物生物量高,纤毛虫种类丰富,丰度大,叶绿素a沿纵断面降低,纤毛虫种类数和丰度也降低。     

兰州市北山不同林地春夏季土壤纤毛虫群落特征

为了研究兰州市北山绿化工程的植被恢复状况,于2016年4月和7月,对北山罗九公路绿化工程区的人工林及荒坡、半荒坡共6个样点进行野外调查采样,分析土壤纤毛虫群落组成及其影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)春季有10纲21目34科44属80种,夏季10纲21目38科54属104种。春夏季的优势类群均为尖毛科(Plagiocampidae),优势种为膨胀肾形虫(Colpoda inflate)和盘状肾形虫(Colpoda patella)。(2)土壤纤毛虫的丰度、物种数和多样性指数夏季高于春季,且人工林样点的土壤纤毛虫的丰度、物种数和多样性指数均高于荒坡;(3)春季土壤有机碳、土壤温度和电导率是影响土壤纤毛虫物种数分布的主要环境因子;夏季土壤有机碳、土壤温度及pH是影响土壤纤毛虫物种数分布的主要因子。总体而言,人工林土壤恢复较荒坡、半荒坡好,而人工林中杨树林和侧柏林的土壤环境质量较优。     

甘肃小陇山麻沿林区土壤纤毛虫群落特征

2006年7月和2007年11月,用活体观察和固定染色方法对小陇山麻沿林区土壤纤毛虫群落特征进行了研究.研究中共鉴定到土壤纤毛虫91种,其中包括8个未定名种.林区土壤纤毛虫群落结构复杂,计有3纲11目28科42属91种,下毛目为优势类群,肾形目和前口目为次优势类群,侧口目、缘毛目和寡毛目为偶见类群,膨胀肾形虫(Colpoda inflata)、长篮环虫(Cyrtolophosis elongata)、大口薄咽虫(Leptopharynx eurystoma)和长圆膜袋虫(Cyclidium oblongum)为优势种.林区各样点之间的土壤纤毛虫群落相似性为极不相似到中等不相似.结果表明,小陇山麻沿林区土壤纤毛虫群落物种丰富,特有和稀有物种繁多;林区各样点之间的小生境不同,土壤纤毛虫群落结构出现较大的差异.从林区生态环境的复杂性和独特性方面讨论了保护区土壤纤毛虫群落的特点.     

甘肃天水麦积山风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫的物种多样性

用活体观察和固定染色方法对麦积山风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫物种多样性进行了研究。共鉴定到隶属于3纲12目41科55属的土壤纤毛虫115种,其中包括11个未定名种和26个中国土壤纤毛虫新纪录种。街子温泉景区、曲溪景区、麦积山石窟区、石门山和仙人崖景区各分布有47、46、44、33和26种,大弹跳虫、似织毛虫、膨大肾形虫、僧帽肾形虫、迅捷肾形虫、吻四膜虫、长刀口虫和苔藓刀口虫为广布物种。前口目和下毛目为风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫群落中的优势类群,肾形目和盾纤目为次优势类群,侧口目、吸管目和寡毛目为罕见类群。风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫物种多样性与我国已有研究报道的其他地区的均极不相似。研究结果表明,风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫物种十分丰富,特有和稀有物种繁多,群落结构复杂而特殊;土壤和水生纤毛虫群落物种组成极不相似,土壤和水生纤毛虫群落是不同的2个独立群落。     

甘肃天水麦积山风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫的物种多样性

用活体观察和固定染色方法对麦积山风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫物种多样性进行了研究。共鉴定到隶属于3纲12目41科55属的土壤纤毛虫115种，其中包括11个未定名种和26个中国土壤纤毛虫新纪录种。街子温泉景区、曲溪景区、麦积山石窟区、石门山和仙人崖景区各分布有47、46、44、33和26种，大弹跳虫、似织毛虫、膨大肾形虫、僧帽肾形虫、迅捷肾形虫、吻四膜虫、长刀口虫和苔藓刀口虫为广布物种。前口目和下毛目为风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫群落中的优势类群，肾形目和盾纤目为次优势类群，侧口目、吸管目和寡毛目为罕见类群。风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫物种多样性与我国已有研究报道的其他地区的均极不相似。研究结果表明，风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫物种十分丰富，特有和稀有物种繁多，群落结构复杂而特殊；土壤和水生纤毛虫群落物种组成极不相似，土壤和水生纤毛虫群落是不同的2个独立群落。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Caprine blood groups. 2. The C,G, H,I, J,K, L,N, and Q systems

Nine blood group systems of goats were identified using 12 caprine reagents produced by absorption of alloimmune antisera. The caprine C blood group system, possibly homologous to the ovine C blood group system, was characterized by two reagents and shown to be controlled by three alleles,C ¹²,C ²⁵, andC ⁻. A more complex blood group system of goats, designated G, was identified using three reagents and shown to be controlled by six codominant alleles (G ^10.19.20,G ^10.19,G ^10.20,G ¹⁰,G ¹⁹,G ²⁰) and a recessive allele (G ⁻). A further seven one-factor two-allelic systems were identified by seven reagents. The nine genetic systems provided exclusion probabilities of 0.479, 0.492, 0.548, and 0.572 in Australian Angora, Dairy, Cashmere, and Texan Angora goat breeds, respectively. This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Stud Book, Alison Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.