黑果枸杞中十三种元素含量的测定

采用原子吸收法测定了黑果枸杞中钙、镁、铜、锌、锰、铁、铅、镍、镉、钴、铬、钾、钠等元素的含量 ,为对其深入研究提供了科学资料。结果表明 :黑果枸杞中钙、镁、铜、锌、铁等元素的含量远高于宁夏枸杞中相应各元素的平均含量 ,钾、锰含量远低于其平均值 ,钠含量与其相当。钴含量远高于绿叶蔬菜的含量 ,铬含量较牛奶中含量低。镍含量比谷物、腌肉、蔬菜中的高。镉、铅含量较普通植物中的略低 ,不构成污染。     

川东红池坝地区红三叶和鸭茅人工草地土壤和植物营养元素含量特征的研究

川东地区池坝地区红三叶（Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍｐｒａｔｅｎｓｅ）和鸭茅（Ｄａｃｔｙｌｉｓｇｌｏｍｅｒａｔａ）人工草地土壤和植物营养元素的含量特征如下;（１）土壤中的元素含量以铁,钾和镁较高,钠,钙,氮,锰和磷较低,硫,锌,硼,铜和钼微少;（２）从元素的富集特征来看,该区土壤中的钙,硫为重度淋溶元素,钾,磷,镁,锌,钠为中度淋溶元素,铁,铜属轻度淋溶元素,锰属富集元素;（３）根据元素的生物吸收系列,红三     

川东红池坝地区红三叶和鸭茅人工草地土壤和植物营养元素含量特征的研究

川东红池坝地区红三叶（Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍｐｒａｔｅｎｓｅ）和鸭茅（Ｄａｃｔｙｌｉｓｇｌｏｍｅｒａｔａ）人工草地土壤和植物营养元素的含量特征如下：（１）土壤中的元素含量以铁、钾和镁较高,钠、钙、氮、锰和磷较低,硫、锌、硼、铜和钼微少;（２）从元素的富集特征来看,该区土壤中的钙、硫为重度淋溶元素,钾、磷、镁、锌、钠为中度淋溶元素,铁、铜属轻度淋溶元素,锰属富集元素;（３）根据元素的生物吸收系列,红三叶属氮－钙型植物,鸭茅属氮－钾－磷型植物。（４）两种牧草的生物吸收系数,均以钙、硫、磷较高,钠、铁较低,其余７种元素介于二者之间。     

人工饲养与野生川金丝猴体毛10种微量元素的含量及比较

测定了秦岭人工饲养(10只)和野生(14只)川金丝猴体毛中的10种微量元素含量。锌、铁、铜、钙、镁5种元素采用火焰原子吸收法;锰、铬、铅采用石墨炉原子吸收法;铝采用等离子光谱;硒经硝解后采用原子吸收法测定。结果表明,铬、锰、镁、铅、锌和硒的含量,人工猴极显著或显著高于野生猴;铁含量,人工猴极显著低于野生猴;钙、铜和铝的含量,人工猴与野生猴无显著差异。以人类毛发10种微量元素的正常范围为参照,人工猴铅、铬、锰与锌4种含量均显著超出正常范围的上限,属于严重超量。这可能与金丝猴饲养过程中添加营养制剂有关。     

大鼠主要脏器中微量元素含量研究

用原子吸收光谱法测定了铜、铁、锌、锰、铬、镁、铅、钾在SPF大鼠心、肝、肾、肺、脾中的含量,发现铜、锌、铁、锰、在肝脏中浓度最高（P＜0．001）;铬、钾在肺脏中浓度最高（P＜0．001）;镁、铅在各脏器中浓度无显著性差别（P＞0．05）。     

大气CO2浓度和供氮水平对油菜中微量元素吸收及转运的影响

在温室大棚中模拟大气CO₂浓度升高（780 μmol·mol ^-1）,研究了抽薹期油菜各器官对钙、镁、硫、铁、锰、锌、钼、硼离子吸收与运输的影响.结果表明： 与自然CO₂浓度（对照）相比,高CO₂浓度不施氮条件下,茎的中、微量元素含量除锌增加外,其他均减少,施氮条件（0.2 g N·kg^-1土）下钙、硫、硼、锌增加,镁、锰、钼、铁减少;叶的中、微量元素两个氮水平下都表现为除钼含量增加外,其他均下降.CO₂浓度升高条件下,茎中钙和硫占中量元素总和的比值及硼和锌占微量元素总和的比值增加,镁、铁、锰、钼相应比值减少,两个氮水平下表现一致;CO₂浓度升高条件不施氮处理增加了钙在叶中的分配比例,而正常供氮处理则增加了镁的分配比例,两个氮水平下均促进了锰、锌、钼在叶中的分配比例.不施氮条件下,高CO₂浓度处理的运输系数S_Fe,_Mo和S_S,B高于自然CO₂浓度处理,而S_Mg,Fe、S_Mg,Mn和S_S,Fe低于自然CO₂浓度处理,表明CO₂浓度升高条件下油菜向上运输的钼和硫高于铁,硼高于硫,镁高于铁和锰;正常供氮条件下,高CO₂浓度处理的S_Mg,Fe、S_Mg,Mn、S_S,B高于自然CO₂浓度处理,而S_Ca,Mg、S_Fe,Mo、S_S,Fe相反,表明CO₂浓度升高条件下油菜向上运输的钙、铁和锰高于镁,硼高于硫,铁高于钼,硫高于铁.     

羊草群落主要营养元素吸收相关性分析

在羊草（Ａｎｅｕｒｏｌｅｐｉｄｉｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ）群落中,钾与钙、镁、锰、铜、锌五种元素的含量变化之间具倒数关系;钙、镁、锰、铜、锌五种元素间存在着相互制约关系;其中,钙与镁、铜之间的关系密切（ｒ）０．９）;羊草群落吸收较多的钙可防止锰、铜和镁的毒害作用,并对钾的吸收有促进作用．     

大气CO2浓度和供氮水平对油菜中微量元素吸收及转运的影响

在温室大棚中模拟大气CO₂浓度升高（780 μmol·mol ^-1）,研究了抽薹期油菜各器官对钙、镁、硫、铁、锰、锌、钼、硼离子吸收与运输的影响.结果表明： 与自然CO₂浓度（对照）相比,高CO₂浓度不施氮条件下,茎的中、微量元素含量除锌增加外,其他均减少,施氮条件（0.2 g N·kg^-1土）下钙、硫、硼、锌增加,镁、锰、钼、铁减少;叶的中、微量元素两个氮水平下都表现为除钼含量增加外,其他均下降.CO₂浓度升高条件下,茎中钙和硫占中量元素总和的比值及硼和锌占微量元素总和的比值增加,镁、铁、锰、钼相应比值减少,两个氮水平下表现一致;CO₂浓度升高条件不施氮处理增加了钙在叶中的分配比例,而正常供氮处理则增加了镁的分配比例,两个氮水平下均促进了锰、锌、钼在叶中的分配比例.不施氮条件下,高CO₂浓度处理的运输系数S_Fe,_Mo和S_S,B高于自然CO₂浓度处理,而S_Mg,Fe、S_Mg,Mn和S_S,Fe低于自然CO₂浓度处理,表明CO₂浓度升高条件下油菜向上运输的钼和硫高于铁,硼高于硫,镁高于铁和锰;正常供氮条件下,高CO₂浓度处理的S_Mg,Fe、S_Mg,Mn、S_S,B高于自然CO₂浓度处理,而S_Ca,Mg、S_Fe,Mo、S_S,Fe相反,表明CO₂浓度升高条件下油菜向上运输的钙、铁和锰高于镁,硼高于硫,铁高于钼,硫高于铁.     

42种化学元素在桃树叶组织内的积累水平

采用中子活化,原子吸收,火焰光度,比色,比浊,滴定等分析方法,测定了陕西省关中地区果园的桃树叶组织内42种化学元素。表明各类元素有不同的积累变化:其中大量营养元素氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫的含量累积较多,约占干物质的1～5%;微量营养元素铁、锰、锌、钼、铜、硼、氯、钠的含量累积较少,变化不大,比较稳定,约占干物质的10～40ppm;一些非营养元素汞、镉、铅、砷、铬、氟以及稀土元素等均可检出。各类元素的累积水平随生长条件而有所差异。栽培桃树叶片营养元素含量与桃叶标准值、野生山桃树叶片营养元素含量测定值比较一致。说明桃叶组织内各类元素累积水平的揭示,将对指导该地区果树生产和环境保护起一定作用。     

不育男性患者和健康男性血液与精浆中微量元素含量的对比分析

目的:研究不育患者精浆和血液中微量元素的含量,为男性不育的诊断和治疗提供理论依据。方法:对73例正常生育组男性和265例男性不育患者的精浆和血液中的锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、镉进行检测分析,分析两组血液和精浆微量元素的差异。结果:不育组患者精浆和血液中锌的含量明显低于正常对照组,铜、镉离子含量明显高于正常对照组,与正常对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01);而两组中的钙、铁、镁的含量接近,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不育组患者精浆中的锌元素水平明显高于血液锌含量,而血液中的镉含量明显高于精浆中的镉含量,差异有明显的统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:精浆和血液中锌、铜、镉的变化与男性不育密切相关。     

ICP-AES测定广西巴豆不同部位中的十种微量元素

高压密封消化罐消解法将晒干的广西巴豆的根、茎、叶、种子壳及种子进行消解,ICP-AES同时测定其中K、Cu、Fe、Zn、Ca、Mg、Mn、Al、Sr、Na元素的含量,该方法的加标回收率在90.2%～114%之间,RSD<5.57%,测定结果符合分析要求。结果显示,Mn、Mg、Ca在巴豆叶中含量最高,种子中则富含Zn、Cu、K、Na,在种子壳中Sr的含量最高,根中含量最高的是Al,而K、Cu、Fe、Zn、Ca、Mg、Mn、Al、Sr、Na十种元素在茎中分布均匀。     

Comparative Evaluation of Trace Metal Distribution and Correlation in Human Malignant and Benign Breast Tissues

Selected trace metals were analyzed in human malignant and nonmalignant (benign) breast tissue samples by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. In malignant tissues, dominant mean concentrations were revealed by Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Al at 927, 552, 231, 61.7, 36.5, 18.3, and 8.94 microg/g, respectively, while the mean metal levels in benign tissues were 903, 435, 183, 63.3, 24.7, 14.5, and 10.1 microg/g, respectively. Average concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, K, Ca, and Zn were noted to be significantly higher in the malignant tissues compared with the benign tissues. Significantly strong correlations (r > 0.50) in malignant tissues were observed between Mn and Co, Mn and Cd, Cd and Cr, Fe and Mn, Cd and Co, Fe and Co, Mg and Pb, Cd and Fe, Mg and Ni, Pb and Ni, Ni and Sr, and Fe and Pb, whereas, Cd and Co, Cd and Mn, Co and Mg, Co and Mn, Cu and Mn, Co and Ni, Mg and Ni, Cd and Cu, Cd and Ni, Ca and Mg, Mn and Pb, Cu and Ni, Fe and Ni, Cd and Mg, Co and Cu, Cr and Na, and Cd and Cr revealed strong and significant relationships in benign tissues at p < 0.001. Principal component analysis of the metals data yielded six principal components for malignant tissues and five principal components for benign tissues, with considerably different loadings, duly supported by cluster analysis. The study revealed a considerably different pattern of distribution and mutual correlations of trace metals in the breast tissues of benign and cancerous patients.     

Minor and trace elements in human milk from Guatemala,Hungary, Nigeria,Philippines, Sweden,and Zaire

Concentrations of As, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, V, and Zn were determined in human whole milk samples from Guatemala, Hungary, Nigeria, Philippines, Sweden, and Zaire; in most of these countries, three groups of subjects representing different socioeconomic conditions were studied. Analytical quality control was a primary consideration throughout. The analytical techniques used were atomic absorption spectrophotometry, atomic emission spectrometry with an inductively coupled plasma, colorimetry, electrochemistry, using an ion-selective electrode and neutron activation analysis. The differences between median concentrations of Ca, Cl, Mg, K, Na, and P (minor elements) were lower than 20% among the six countries. Among trace elements, concentrations observed in Filipino milk for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, and V were higher than for milk samples from other countries. The remaining five countries showed a mixed picture of high and low values. In the case of at least some elements, such as, F, I, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Se, the environment appears to play a major role in determining their concentrations in human milk. The nutritional status of the mother, as reflected by her socioeconomic status, does not appear to influence significantly the breast milk concentrations of minor and trace elements. Significant differences exist between the actual daily intakes observed in this study and current dietary recommendations made by, for example, WHO and the US National Academy of Sciences. These differences are particularly large (an order of magnitude or more!) for Cr, F, Fe, Mn, and Mo; for other elements, such as, Ca, Cu, Mg, P, and Zn, they amount to at least a factor 2. In the opinion of the present authors, these findings point to the need for a possible reassessment of the dietary requirements of young infants with respect to minor and trace elements, particularly for the elements Ca, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, and Zn.     

微波消解-FAAS法分析并比较旱芹(Apium graveolens L.)不同部位八种金属元素的含量

采用微波消解法处理旱芹根、茎、叶,并用火焰原子吸收法测定其中的Na、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu 8种金属元素的含量。结果表明:旱芹中富含人体必需的Na、K、Mg、Fe、Ca等元素,各元素在不同部位含量有一定差异。Fe元素在旱芹根中含量为883.57μg.g-1,明显高于茎和叶;Ca、Zn和Mn元素在旱芹叶中的含量分别为11 103.74,214.04,88.07μg.g-1,明显高于茎和根;K、Na和Mg元素在旱芹茎中的含量高于根和叶中,Cu元素含量在各部位差异不大。方法的加标回收率为96.8%～105.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤3.36%。     

Studies on the Characteristic of Element Contents in the Dominant Plant Species of the Three gorges Region in China

The characteristics of the contents of 20 elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, S, Si, P, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ni, Sr, Mo, Na, B, Cr, V) in 16 plant species collected from the Three Gorges Region in China were investigated. The average contents of Ca, K and Mg were higher than 1 000 μg·g-1, that of Al, P, Si, Fe, S and Mn ranged between 100—1 000 μg·g-1 and Ti, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Cd and V were less than 10 μg·g- 1. The level of Na content was less than that of the reported. The main character of the element contents was of the Ca> K type. The contents of P, S, Ca and K in different plant samples showed a normal distribution pattern, while Al and Mn showed a elements lognormal distribution pattern. Plant species differed greatly in the element contents. On analyzing the coefficient of variation (C. V., % ), Al, Mn, Mg, Ni, Sr and Fe had higher C.V., while the C.V. of K, S, P, Cr, Cd and Cu was less than 60%, and Cu had the lowest C.V. The correlations between Al and Fe, Al and Ti, Al and Cr, A1 and V, Cd and Sr, Cd and Mo, Fe and V, Zn and Cr, Ni and Sr, Mg and Ni, Mo and Sr, Ca and Sr, Cr and Mo, Na and Mg, Na and P, P and S were statistically significant in different plant species. The classification of the 16 plant species and 20 dements by two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) method may suggest the difference in dement contents of the different plant species.     

Characterization and human health risk assessment of trace metal in PM10 in Bac Giang,short-term study in a developing province in Vietnam

Abstract

This study investigated the airborne concentration of PM₁₀ and 20 trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Na, Pb, Ti, V, Zn) in residential, industry, traffic road, coal mining, thermal power plant area of Bac Giang province. The average PM₁₀ concentration was highest at coal site, followed by traffic 1 sites, industrial sites and traffic 2 sites, the residential sites, and lowest at the power plant site located in mountain area. While Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na were the most abundant elements in all sampling sites, accounting for 73–96% of total obtained elements, the concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn occupied from 2.9 to 23.2%. Noticeably, the concentrations of Cd were from 7 to 65 times higher than the concentration limit for Cd (0.1?ng/m³) according the World Health Organization (WHO). Although, the Hazard Index (HI values) of all metals were found to be within the safe level for both children and adults, the Carcinogenic Risk (CR) of Cr and As in all sites were closed to the acceptable levels for children, implying a potential carcinogenic risks of these metals.     

Assessment of reference values for hair minerals of Korean preschool children

Hair samples of 655 children (3–6 yr of age) from metropolitan and small cities in Korea were analyzed to determine the content of 23 minor and trace elements with the aim of assessing reference values. Fifteen essential elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg, Mn, P, Na, K, Cr, Se, Li, V, Co, Mo) and 8 harmful elements (Pb, Al, Hg, As, Cd, Ba, Bi, U) were taken into account. Measurements were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The overall mean values were as follows (μ/g): Al, 8.78; As, 0.11; Ba, 0.32; Bi, 0.04; Ca, 212.47; Cd, 0.08; Co, 0.01; Cr, 0.47; Cu, 15.51; Fe, 12.62; Hg, 0.49; K, 34.10; Li, 0.01; Mg, 12.29; Mn, 0.29; Mo, 0.07; Na; 27.14; P, 121.21; Pb, 1.68; Se, 0.75; U. 0.04; V. 0.08; Zn, 69.99. There was no significant difference in hair mineral content between children living in metropolitan and small cities. There were positive correlations between age and the level of Zn, Ca, Na, P, Mn, and Li, but negative correlations between age and the level of Cr, V, and U. The proposed reference values for hair Zn, Mg, Ca, As, and Cd of Korean children were lower than those of other countries, but the values for other elements of hair were not significantly different from those of other countries.     

Trace metal content in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa: Differential accumulation in plant organs

Differences in the accumulation of seven metallic elements, including micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) and non-essential elements (Cd and Pb) among plant organs (leaves, roots and rhizomes) were examined in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. Samples were taken from two coastal bays (Catalonia, Western Mediterranean), with a total of nine sampling sites encompassing different levels of metal availability. Metal content was generally higher in uptake organs (leaves and roots) than in rhizomes. However, accumulation in leaves and roots varied between elements. While Cd, Mn and Zn preferentially accumulate in leaves, Fe and Pb accumulate in roots and Cu and Ni in both. There were common spatial (between sites) trends in Cd, Mn, Cu and Zn accumulation in the three organs. However, these spatial trends varied according to the organ considered in the case of Fe, Pb, and Ni. Therefore, assessment of within-plant variability is strongly recommended prior to the use of C. nodosa for biomonitoring purposes, at least for Fe, Pb, and Ni.     

Regulation of Mineral Redistribution in Pod-Bearing Soybean Explants

On the way from the roots to the seeds during reproductive developmentin soybean (Glycine max), a large proportion of the mineralspass through the leaves rather than travelling directly viathe xylem. This direct and indirect movement of mineral nutrientshas important implications for mineral redistribution, seeddevelopment and leaf senescence. Therefore, we have studiedthe role of cytokinin and mineral flux from the roots in regulatingmineral redistribution from the leaves to the seeds using explants,i.e. a leaf, a pod and a subtending stem segment, with theirbases immersed in treatment solutions. Thus, defined solutionscontaining cytokinin and/or minerals can be substituted forthe roots. When explants (excised at early-mid podfill) aresupplied H₂O only, leaf N, P, K, Mo, Mg, Zn, Fe, B, Cu, Ca,and Mn decline, ranging from 93% for Mo to 38% for Fe. In explantson H₂O, N, P, K, Mo, Mg, Zn, and Fe appear to be redistributedfrom the leaves to the seeds, while the B, Cu, Ca, and Mn lostfrom the leaves do not seem to move to the seeds. Although amixture of minerals resembling xylem sap can delay net lossof these elements from the leaves, it does not prevent the decreases.The cytokinin zeatin (4.6 µM) inhibits the loss of N,IC, Mo, Mg, Zn, Fe, B, Cu, Ca, and Mn from the leaves, but notthat of P. When combined with minerals, zeatin not only preventsthe loss of the minerals from the leaves but may even greatlyincrease them with the possible exception of Zn, Fe, and Cu.Supplying the mineral nutrient mixture increases the quantitiesof N, P, K, Mg, Cu, and B in the seeds but not Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca,and Mo. For those minerals, especially N, where zeatin inhibitsefflux from the leaves, it may reduce the amounts in the seeds,but it does not change P, K, Mg, and Ca. The accumulation andredistribution patterns of the different mineral nutrients showmany dissimilarities thereby suggesting differences in the controlof their distribution. Key words: Cytokinin, mineral transport, seed development, senescence     

四种金花茶组植物叶片金属元素含量及富集特性研究

以四种金花茶组植物为研究对象,采用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光法,测定其嫩叶、老叶及对应土壤中Mg、Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ni、Se、Pb、Cd、Hg、As共11种元素的含量,并分别计算嫩叶和老叶对土壤金属元素的富集系数.结果表明:(1)4种金花茶组植物叶片富含Mg、Ga、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ni等营养元素,各元素在叶片中含量为Ca>Mg>Mn>Fe>Zn>Ni>Se;Pb、Cd、As、Hg等重金属元素含量较低,均达到无公害茶叶标准.(2)老叶和嫩叶中各金属元素含量差异较大,老叶中的Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Se元素含量均大于嫩叶,尤以Ca、Mn、Fe差异显著;嫩叶中的Mg和Ni含量大于老叶.(3)金花茶组植物对不同金属元素的富集能力不同,对各元素富集能力强弱为Ca、Mn、Mg>Zn、Ni、Hg>Pb、Se>Fe、As,老叶和嫩叶的富集规律存在差异.(4)不同金花茶组植物对金属元素的富集能力有较大差异,龙州金花茶(Camellia longzhouensis)和黄花抱茎茶(C.murauchii)对Mg、Ca、Mn、Zn、Ni、Se、Pb的富集能力均大于金花茶(C.nitidissima)和毛籽金花茶(C.ptilosperma).其中,龙州金花茶对Mg、Mn、Se的富集能力最强,黄花抱茎茶对Ca、Pb、Hg富集能力最强,金花茶对Hg的富集能力较强,对其它元素的富集能力均较弱;毛籽金花茶对Ca、Mn、Ni、Zn的富集能力均最弱.该研究结果为金花茶组植物的进一步开发和利用提供了理论依据.