西藏倍叉属(襀翅目:叉科)三新种(英文)

记述我国西藏倍叉属Amphinemura 3新种 :杨氏倍叉Amphinemurayangisp .nov .(模式产地 :鲁郎 )、李氏倍叉Amphinemuraliisp .nov .(模式产地 :米林 )、西藏倍叉Amphinemuratibetensissp .nov .(模式产地 :波密 )。杨氏倍叉A .yangisp .nov .与a .wittmeriZwick&Sivec近似 ,但肛侧突中叶末端小而缘且有 3— 5个粗刺 ;李氏倍叉A .liisp .nov .与A .lebeziSivec近似 ,但肛侧突内叶不对称 ;西藏倍叉A .tibetensissp .nov .与江苏倍A .kiangsiensis(Wu)近似 ,但内叶短于中叶且末端呈 2瓣状。模式标本存中国农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

新疆倍叉(虫责)属一新种记述(襀翅目:叉(虫责)科)

本文记述了采自新疆喀纳斯的倍叉[虫责]属Amphinemura 1新种：环齿倍叉[虫责]Amphinemura tricintusidens Wang＆Zhu,sp．nov。根据肛侧突中叶端部有3或4个环绕的小齿和肛上突背骨片端部形成的圆形腔可将该新种与其它种类相区别。正模♂,新疆喀纳斯,2005-Ⅷ—01,朱江艳等采。副模1♂,采集资料同正模。新种的模式标本保存在扬州大学昆虫标本馆。     

Contribution to the stone-fly (Plecoptera) fauna of the Volga and Don river basins

In the Volga and Don river basins, 17 stonefly species are known: 16 from the Volga, and 6 from the Don basin. The fauna is dominated by the species with wide, European (Isogenus nubecula, Nemoura flexuosa, N. dubitans, Amphinemura sulcicollis, Brachyptera braueri, Isoperla difformis, I. grammatica, Leuctra hippopus, Xanthoperla apicalis, Siphonoperla burmeisteri) and Transpalaearctic ranges (Taeniorterykh nebulosa, Nemurella pictetii, Amphinemura borealis, Nemoura cinerea, Capnia atra, Leuctra fusca, Isoperla obscura).     

The Group of Amphinemura flavostigma (Plecoptera,Nemouridae)

Three closely related species from Japan are treated and defined as composing the Amphinemura flavostigma group (Okamoto, 1922). One species, A. nikkoensis, is described as new to science. Two already known species, A. flavostigma and A. monotuberculata (Kawai, 1956), are redescribed, while the female of the latter is described for the first time. Another species, A. tetraspinosa Kawai, 1960, is regarded as a subjective synonym of Nemoura flavostigma Okamoto, 1922.     

Do Predators Condition the Distribution of Prey within Micro Habitats? An Experiment with Stoneflies (Plecoptera)

The selection of habitat by macroinvertebrates living in running waters may be influenced by the physical characteristics of the substratum, as well as by the presence of other species. In this study, an artificial river with three different substrata (pebbles, detritus, and leaves) was utilized to analyze the microhabitat preference of two Plecoptera prey species (Amphinemura sulcicollis and Brachyptera risi), both in absence and in presence of a Plecoptera predator species (Perla marginata). In the absence of predators, both prey species showed a clear preference for the leaf microhabitat. When the predators were present, only Brachyptera risi showed a change of microhabitat selection, with a decrease of leaves and an increase of pebbles and detritus utilization. Amphinemura sulcicollis did not change their substratum utilization. This study demonstrates that the presence of a predator may affect microhabitat selection through a switch from the preferred to the less preferred substrata, although not all species change their habitat utilization in response to predator presence. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

辐片包属一新种*

描述了产自中国藏东南林区、生于高山栎林落叶层下的辐片包属的一个新种——宽肢辐片包Hysterangium1atiappendiculatumsp.nov.。新种以较宽的担孢子及其基部具宽的附肢等特征区别于属内的其它种。模式标本保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室(HXZE)。     

国产唇形科香茶菜属一新记录种——暗红香茶菜（英文）

报道了采自西藏错那县的唇形科香茶菜属的一个中国新记录种,即暗红香茶菜Isodon atroruber R.A.Clement。本研究对该种进行了描述,并应用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜对其叶表皮、花粉及小坚果的微形态特征进行了观察和测量。此外,还编制了西藏产19种香茶菜属植物的检索表。     

国产唇形科香茶菜属一新记录种——暗红香茶菜

报道了采自西藏错那县的唇形科香茶菜属的一个中国新记录种,即暗红香茶菜Isodon atroruber R. A. Clement。本研究对该种进行了描述,并应用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜对其叶表皮、花粉及小坚果的微形态特征进行了观察和测量。此外,还编制了西藏产19种香茶菜属植物的检索表。     

中国西藏棘虫兆科两物种的重新记述及中国已知种检索表（弹尾纲）

首次报道中国西藏棘科两物种:符氏直棘Orthonychiurus folsomi(Schffer,1900)和喜马拉雅直棘Orthonychiurus himalayensis(Choudhuri,1958),附详细描述及特征图;编制了中国棘科已知种类分种检索表。研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

西藏壳斗科订正

在野外观察和前人工作的基础上,对西藏壳斗科植物进行了详细的订正,描述了１个新种,报道１个中国新记录种,４个西藏新记录种,归并１１种和２变种,排除无标本记录的２种。确认西藏壳斗科植物共３属３２种,２变种。     

西藏接合菌物种多样性初探

【背景】接合菌在自然界广泛分布,在工业、食品、医药、生物防治等方面扮演着重要的角色,部分接合菌为有害菌。西藏地区接合菌只有少数零星的报道,其系统调查研究几乎还是空白,大量潜在的物种需要分离、鉴定、认识、保藏和开发。【目的】了解西藏地区的接合菌物种多样性和生物资源现状,为该地区有害接合菌的控制和有益接合菌的开发利用奠定基础。【方法】对西藏全境7个地区19个代表县的701个样品采用平板稀释分离法得到单菌落,然后进行形态和分子(SSU、ITS和LSU r DNA)鉴定,并在此基础上进行生物多样性以及优势和稀有属种分析。【结果】得到西藏接合菌10属26种,包括5个西藏已知种和21个西藏新记录种;其中4个为中国新记录种,分别是:类变形被孢霉(Mortierella amoeboidea)、球孢高山被孢霉(M.globalpina)、灰褐毛霉(Mucor brunneogriseus)、暗色毛霉(M.fuscus)。西藏接合菌的多样性指数分析表明,不同地区间的物种数量和组成存在显著差异,排在前4位的分别是波密县、米林县、当雄县和八宿县。属种分析显示,西藏接合菌的2个优势属为被孢霉属(Mortierella)和毛霉属(Mucor);3个优势种为高山被孢霉(Mortierella alpina)、冻土毛霉(Mucor hiemalis)、匍枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer);常见属8个,分别是犁头霉属(Absidia)、放射毛霉属(Actinomucor)、小克银汉霉属(Cunninghamella)、根毛霉属(Rhizomucor)、根霉属(Rhizopus)、共头霉属(Syncephalastrum)、伞形霉属(Umbelopsis)和接霉属(Zygorhynchus);常见种9个,稀有种14个。【结论】西藏地区接合菌资源丰富,各地区生物多样性差异显著,稀有物种占一半以上的比例提示西藏自然环境保护的重要性。     

Nymphal trophic behaviour of two Nemouridae species (Insecta,Plecoptera) in the Curone creek (northern Apennines,Italy)

Feeding habits of the Euholognathan stoneflies Nemoura hesperiae and Amphinemura sulcicollis are studied in a little stream located in northern Italy. The former fed mainly on coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), together with detritus, while the latter fed principally on detritus and, in a lower concern, on CPOM. Thus they can be catalogued fundamentally as shredder and collector‐gatherer, respectively. Shifts in diet composition were detected in relation to size in both taxa. Probably niche overlapping does not exist despite both species having similar size and nymphal development duration, and coinciding in time. This work supports that, though functional feeding groups are very useful, they should not be inferred from related species or higher taxonomical levels. Even intra‐population differences and ontogenetic shifts should be considered in fine scale studies.     

The colonization cycle of Amphinemura standfussi Ris (Ins.:Plecoptera) in the Abisko area

Amphinemura standfussi is one of the most common stoneflies in streams tributary to Lake Torneträsk in the Abisko area (Northern Sweden 68° 21N, 18° 49E). Amphinemura standfussi, which flies from the end of July until early October and lays its eggs prior to the ice formation, always occurs in hydrographical stabile biotopes as well as in lakes and sources. After breakup of the ice at the end of May and beginning of June the young larvae grow rapidly in the lake or source and successively leave these biotopes, migrating into the stream biotopes of the Njakajokk. This colonization cycle reflects the overwintering strategy of this species and make it possible to survive the extreme conditions in the subarctic region.     

西藏鹅膏菌属的分类研究

本文报告了西藏地区鹅膏菌属(Amanita)的真菌26种。其中灰鳞鹅膏菌(Amanita griseofarinosa Hongo),红鹅膏菌[A.parcivolvata(Peck)Glib.],浅杏黄鹅膏菌[A.Crocca(Quél.)Kühn.＆ Romagn.],黄赭毒鹅膏菌(A.flavorubescens Atk.),黄毒蝇鹅膏菌(A.flavoconia Atk.),史米斯鹅膏菌(A.smithiana Bas),褐黄鹅膏菌:(A.umbrinoluteaSeer.)等是我国新纪录种。西藏地区的首次新纪录13种。该属真菌均是树木的外生菌根真菌,有毒种多,具有重要的经济价值。     

中国西藏黏菌记录(英文)

报道和记录了中国西藏的黏菌75种1变种。研究标本中,225份由第一作者采自西藏的林芝(八一和鲁朗)、波密和米林,37份来自于树皮基物的湿室培养,8份保存于中国科学院菌物标本馆,26份保存于中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆。通过对这些标本的鉴定和复核,明确了52种1变种为西藏新记录种,叶生钙丝菌Badhamia foliicola和齿孢团毛菌Trichia crenulata为中国新记录种。     

中国树蚁蛉属名录及一新种记述(脉翅目,蚁蛉科)

记述采自西藏墨脱的树蚁蛉属1新种,命名为墨脱树蚁蛉 Dendroleon motuoensis sp.nov.,提出了1个新异名Dendroleon pERLISTIGMA Wang,2004.syn.nov.,整理出中国树蚁蛉树属物种名录,模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫标本馆.墨脱树蚁蛉,新种 Dendroleon motuoensis sp.nov.(图1～6)新种与环纹树蚁蛉 Dendroleon pupillaris(Gerstaecker),1893相似,但区别明显:1)新种前胸背板细长狭窄,明显在1/3处分为两段,前段洋葱形;环纹树蚁蛉前胸背板为梯形,仅在1/3处有不明显的缢缩;2)新种前翅散布更多的小型斑点,位于翅中央近后缘处眼状斑的弧形条纹不连续;环纹树蚁蛉前翅斑点较稀疏,眼状斑的弧形条纹清晰、粗重且连续;3)新种后翅端区C形斑下面的斑较之环纹树蚁蛉大很多.正模♀,西藏墨脱,1995-09,海拔800m,黄浩采.模式标本保存在中国农业大学.词源:新种种名根据采集地而拟.     

Life cycle of three stonefly species (Plecoptera) from an Apenninic stream (Italy) with the description of the nymph of Nemoura hesperiae

The life cycles of Isoperla grammatica, Amphinemura sulcicollis and Nemoura hesperiae are studied in a Northern Italy stream, sited in the Apennines. The three species show a univoltine life cycle and their development coincides approximately in the same period of the year, although the one of I. grammatica is longer. Possible egg dormancy could exist in the A. sulcicollis and N. hesperiae life cycles, but this needs to be proved. The three taxa show a spring flight period in the study area. Growth is almost constant through the life cycle, except in A. sulcicollis in which an increase is observed at the end of the development. N. hesperiae exhibits a faster growth than the other species. In addition, in this paper, the nymph of N. hesperiae is described and designed for the first time.     

西藏高山草原AM真菌生态分布

对西藏高原37种草地植物(建群种或常见种)70个带根土样的AM真菌进行了研究.结果表明:1)在所分离到的5属35种AM真菌中,球囊霉属、无梗囊霉属、盾巨孢囊霉属真菌分别为18、9、6种,内养囊霉属、类球囊霉属各1种.其中,藏南、藏北草原AM真菌分别为4属23种、4属22种,Shannon指数分别为2.31和2.75,但藏北草原AM真菌孢子密度、种的丰度显著高于藏南.2)不同生态区域AM真菌呈共有种较少、特有种较多、优势种差异较大的分布特征.3)高寒草原、山地草甸、高寒草甸草原AM真菌Shannon指数分别为1.91、1.83、1.80,呈严重退化态势的温性草原仅为1.64;海拔4000～4600 m地带,种的丰度最高,海拔4600～5220 m 地带,真菌Shannon指数和物种均匀度最高,分别为2.42和0.79;4)球-囊霉属真菌在不同海拔段均为优势属,但在海拔＜4000 m地带相对多度较高;无梗囊霉属主要分布于海拔＞4000 m地带;盾巨孢囊霉属主要分布于海拔3500～5220 m地带;类球囊霉属主要见于海拔4000～5220 m的藏北高寒草甸草原,少量见于高寒草原环境;内养囊霉属仅见于海拔3500～3700 m的藏南温性草原.     

中国拟峰斑螟属一新种及棕黄拟蜂斑螟变异讨论(鳞翅目,螟蛾科,斑螟亚科)

记述采自西藏拟峰斑螟属Anabasis Heinrich 1新种,模式标本保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室.该文同时讨论了棕黄拟峰斑螟A.fusciflavida的变异,提供了该种在中国的分布图.     

中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区特有物种江孜乌头的分类学订正

中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区不仅是乌头属植物地理分布的频度中心、多样性中心,原始类群的保存中心、分化中心,而且是特有类群的分布中心。作为该亚区特有物种之一的江孜乌头(Aconitum ludlowii Exell),是Arthur Wallis Exell于1926年根据采自我国西藏江孜的标本发表的新种。其繁殖器官特征及地理分布特点均与原始文献记载(狭域种)不尽一致。为此,对其做分类学修订。该研究应用经典植物分类学方法,进行野外考察、标本采集与鉴定,查阅中国科学院植物研究所植物标本馆(PE)的相关标本并进行形态学观察比较。结果表明:该物种不同标本心皮从无毛、近无毛至被毛,呈现一连续过渡情况。因此,考虑将心皮被毛一类不作为新分类群处理,只在以上研究基础上,做如下修订:心皮5,无毛或上部被毛,西藏拉萨、山南地区、那曲地区及日喀则地区均有分布。该研究结果可为国产乌头属植物的整理以及江孜乌头遗传多样性分析和物种保护提供基础资料。