拟峰斑螟属一新种记述(鳞翅目,螟蛾科,斑螟亚科)

记述采自云南的拟峰斑螟属Anabasis Heinrich1新种,即郑氏拟峰斑螟Anabasis zhengi sp.nov.。文中附有成虫和外生殖器特征图,提供了拟峰斑螟属包括新种在内的分种检索表。     

中国裸斑螟属分类研究(鳞翅目,螟蛾科,斑螟亚科)

首次报道裸斑螟属Gymnancyla Zeller,1848在中国的分布,并记述裸斑螟亚属Gymnancyla(Gymnancyla)2新种:尖裸斑螟G.(G.)termacerba Li,sp.nov.和叉裸斑螟G.(G.)termifurcata Li,sp.nov.,及2个中国新纪录种:须裸斑螟G.(G.)barbatella Erschoff,1874和砾褐裸斑螟G.(G.)sfakesella Chr(e)tien,1911.提供了新种的外生殖器照片和中国已知种的检索表.     

中国蛀果斑螟属分类研究(鳞翅目:螟蛾科:斑螟亚科)

对中国蛀果斑螟属Assara Walker进行了系统研究,结果表明我国该属有昆虫共11种;突蛀果斑螟As-sara tumidula sp.nov,该种与白斑蛀果斑螟A.korbi(Caradja)相似,两者前翅后缘中部都有一白斑,但新种沿前翅前缘仅有一块白色区域,雄性外生殖器抱器瓣末端略微膨大,呈指状,阳茎端基环两侧臂锥形,雌性外生殖器第8腹节的长大于宽,后表皮突达第8腹节前缘,囊导管端部1/3加宽;蔺江蛀果斑螟A.linjiangensis sp.nov,该种与仓白蛀果斑螟A.palliaella Yamanaka在外形上相似,但前翅有3个黑色圆点,亚外缘线模糊,雌性外生殖器的后表皮突仅达第8腹节后缘,囊突新月形;苍白蛀果斑螟A.pallidella Yamanaka,中国新纪录种;井上蛀果斑螟A.inouei Yamanaka,中国新纪录种;芒果蛀果斑螟A.seminivalis(Turner)中国新纪录种寄主是芒果Mangifera indicaL.和银叶树Heritiera littoralis Aiton;白斑蛀果斑螟A.korbi(Caradja)取食鸦胆子Rhus javanica(L.)上的五倍子;丽江蛀果斑螟A.incredibilis Roesler;黑松蛀果斑螟A.funerella(Ragonot)寄主为黑松Pinus thunbergii Parl;松蛀果斑螟A.hoeneella Roesler寄主马尾松Pinus massoniana Lamb;台湾蛀果斑螟A.formosana Yoshiyasu取食栓叶安息香Styrax suberifolia Hook.et Arn,上蚜虫的虫瘿;白缘蛀果斑螟A.albicostalis Walker。文中编制了中国蛀果斑螟属的分种检索表,并提供了新种和新纪录种的外生殖器特征图,研究标本包括新种模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。     

中国帝斑螟属分类研究(鳞翅目,螟蛾科)

报道帝斑螟属Didia Ragonot,1893在中国的分布,共记述3种:新种直突帝斑螟D.adunatarta 6sp.nov.,丘突帝斑螟D.indra Roesler&Kppers,1981和脉纹帝斑螟D.strigivenella(Hampson,1899)。提供了成虫和外生殖器特征图。     

中国斑水螟属系统分类研究及二新种记述(鳞翅目,草螟科,水螟亚科)

对中国斑水螟属Eoophyla Swinhoe进行了系统研究,共记录16种.其中有2新种和中国3新纪录种,它们是:暗斑水螟(新种)E.abstrusa sp.nov.,该种与华斑水螟E.sinensis(Hampson)相似,主要区别在于新种色暗,沿前翅后缘无新月形白斑,雄性外生殖器抱器瓣顶端凹陷,雌性外生殖器前、后表皮突等长;显斑水螟(新种)E. evidens spnov.,该种与短斑水螟E.hamalis(Snellen)相似,主要区别在于新种沿前翅后缘无白斑,外线外白区小,雄性外生殖器爪形突端部尖,雌性外生殖器具2对囊突区;黑斑水螟E.melanops(Hampson)新纪录于广西上思和贵州江口,国外分布于泰国和印度;长鞭斑水螟E.nigripilosa Yoshiyasu新纪录于云南勐腊,国外分布于泰国;泰斑水螟E.thaiensisYoshiyasu新纪录于广西上思,国外分布于泰国.文中给出了中国斑水螟属分种检索表,提供了新种成虫照片和外生殖器特征图.模式标本保存于南开大学生物系.     

烟草粉斑螟的观察

烟草粉斑螟是烟叶及卷烟贮存期的重要害虫。本工作研究了烟草粉斑螟的生活史、习性及影响消长的主要因子。在湖北省该虫一年发生2～3代,在26～30℃,相对湿度70～90％对,卵历期5～7天,幼虫期29～50天,幼虫5～6龄,蛹期6～18天。幼虫蚕食烟叶成孔洞,老熟幼虫在烟叶表面或麻袋及仓库隐蔽处吐丝结茧化蛹。烟叶从收购入库至贮存各环节均可遭受为害,以卷烟厂贮存过程受害最甚。通常高、中档烟叶受害重于低挡烟叶,其烟草粉斑螟种群密度随着贮存期的延长呈线性增加。烟叶含水量达13％时,幼虫发育迅速,为害重;含水量低于10％时,幼虫发育受到明显影响。     

中国斑水螟属系统分类研究及二新种记述（鳞翘目，草螟科，水螟亚科）

对中国斑水螟属Eoophyla Swinhoe进行了系统研究,共记录16种。其中有2新种和中国3新纪录种,它们是：暗斑水螟(新种)E.abstruse sp.nov,该种与华斑水螟E.sinensis(Hampson)相似,主要区别在于新种色暗,沿前翅后缘无新月形白斑,雄性外生殖器抱器瓣顶端凹陷,雌性外生殖器前、后表皮突等长;显斑水螟(新种)E.evidens sp.nov,该种与短斑水螟E.hamalis(Snellen)相似,主要区别在于新种沿前翅后缘无白斑,外线外白区小,雄性外生殖器爪形突端部尖,雌性外生殖器具2对囊突区;黑斑水螟E.melanops(Hampson)新纪录于广西上思和贵州江口,国外分布于泰国和印度;长鞭斑水螟E.thaiensis Yoshyiyasu新纪录于云南励腊,国外分布于泰国;泰斑水螟E.thaiensis Yoshiyasu新纪录于广西上思,国外分布于泰国。文中给出了中国斑水螟属分种检索表,提供了新种成虫照片和外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存于南开大学生物系。     

香梨优斑螟飞行能力的研究

香梨优斑螟 Euzophera pyriella Yang是新疆果树重要的蛀果蛀干害虫,严重制约着香梨产业的发展。本研究通过昆虫飞行磨系统测定了香梨优斑螟成虫的飞行能力,结果表明2~5日龄香梨优斑螟飞行能力较强,4日龄飞行能力最强;吊飞14 h,平均飞行距离14.37±1.35 km,平均飞行时间9.40±0.55 h,平均飞行速度1.59± 0.08 km/h 。雄成虫飞行距离显著远于雌成虫,但飞行时间和速度差异不显著。雌雄成虫取食补充营养后飞行能力均有提高,但飞行距离和速度差异不显著。不同交配状态的香梨优斑螟飞行能力测定结果显示,未交配成虫飞行速度和飞行距离均高于已交配成虫,但飞行时间差异不明显。研究结果可为深入阐明香梨优斑螟飞行生物学和扩散机制提供科学依据。     

中国狭水螟属分类研究(鳞翅目,草螟科,水螟亚科)

系统研究了中国狭水螟属Eristena Warren。共记述5种,包括2新种和中国1新纪录种：月斑狭水螟E.lunularis sp.nov,弯缘狭水螟E.medexpansa sp.nov,小狭水螟E.pumila Yoshiyasu(中国新纪录),叉纹狭水螟Eristena bifurcalis(Pryer)和微狭水螟Eristena minutale(Caradja)。编制了中国狭水螟属的分种检索表,并提供了新种成虫照片和外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存于南开大学生物系。     

中国梢斑螟属一新种和三新纪录种(鳞翅目,螟蛾科,斑螟亚科)(英文)

记述中国梢斑螟属Dioryctria Zellerl新种和3新纪录种:梵净梢斑螟Dioryctria fanjingshana Li,sp.nov.(模式产地:贵州梵净山),树脂梢斑螟D.resiniphila Segere et Prose(中国新纪录种,国内分布:新疆巩留),管梢斑螟D.aulloi Barbey (中国新纪录种,国内分布:广东连州大东山)和针纵梢斑螟D.reniculelloides Mutuura et Munroe(中国新纪录种,国内分布:黑龙江岱岭).文中给出了成虫和外生殖器照片.模式标本保存在南开大学昆虫标本室.     

THE STRUCTURE, ORIGIN, ISOLATION, AND COMPOSITION OF THE TUBULAR MASTIGONEMES OF THE OCHROMONAS FLAGELLUM

The structure, assembly, and composition of the extracellular hairs (mastigonemes) of Ochromonas are detailed in this report. These mastigonemes form two lateral unbalanced rows, each row on opposite sides of the long anterior flagellum. Each mastigoneme consists of lateral filaments of two distinct sizes attached to a tubular shaft. The shaft is further differentiated into a basal region at one end and a group of from one to three terminal filaments at the free end. Mastigoneme ontogeny as revealed especially in deflagellated and regenerating cells appears to begin by assembly of the basal region and shaft within the perinuclear continuum. However, addition of lateral filaments to the shaft and extrusion of the mastigonemes to the cell surface is mediated by the Golgi complex. The ultimate distribution of mastigonemes on the flagellar surface seems to be the result of extrusion of mastigonemes near the base of the flagellum, and it is suggested that mastigonemes are then pulled up the flagellum as the axoneme elongates. Efforts to characterize mastigonemes biochemically after isolation and purification on cesium chloride (CsCl) followed by electrophoresis on acrylamide gels have demonstrated what appear to be a single major polypeptide and several differentially migrating carbohydrates. The polypeptide is not homologous with microtuble protein. The functionally anomalous role of mastigonemes in reversing flagellar thrust is discussed in relation to their distribution relative to flagellar anatomy and to the plane of flagellar undulations.     

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ACERVULUS,THE FLOWER CLUSTER OF CHAMAEDOREOID PALMS

Developmental evidence shows that the acervulus, a distinctive flower cluster found only in the chamaedoreoid group of palms, is a form of cincinnus. In Hyophorbe indica Gaertner, the unit consists of a row of sessile flowers, the upper 3–4, staminate and the basal flower, pistillate. During initiation, each new flower originates from divisions in the T₂ and underlying layers of the lower right or left flank of the apex of the preceding flower. A bract subtending the first flower is evident in early stages, is displaced basipetally as the flowers are formed, but is obscured when flowers are mature. No other bracts are associated with the unit. One to two outer bundles of the vascular cylinder of the rachilla develop first to the uppermost flower. Subsequently, bundles to other flowers arise as lower branches of the first bundle and from other, often small outer bundles of the rachilla that become floral traces or produce one or more branches to a flower. Many of the bundles supplying the flowers bend sharply downward in the cortex of the rachilla, apparently reflecting the basipetal sequence of floral inception.     

鲢疯狂病病原体鲢碘泡虫营养体的超微结构观察

本文报道鲢碘泡虫营养体的超微结构。叙述了两层结构的原生质膜,外质中的胞饮管道,各种长短的分枝管道、芽体和泡状体,双层核膜具有核孔,在胞饮管道的内层,有很多线粒体、高尔基器、内质网、溶酶体、核糖体、脂粒及各种大小和作用未明的颗粒、微丝等等,但未见中心粒。     

大黄鱼精子的超微结构

大黄鱼的精子由头产和尾部两部分组成。头部结构较为独特,其腹侧有一较大的细胞核,背部有中心粒复合体。头部的后端是袖套。细胞核的腹面稍向外突出背面则稍向内凹。细胞核中的染以质浓缩成致密的团块状。团块状的染色质之间分布着松散的纤维状染色质。植入窝位于细胞核的背部表面,由细胞核背面向内凹陷而成,呈一沟状,其走向与精子的长轴平行。     

河南明港—始新世鸟类形态观察

本文记述了一发现于河南明港始新世较小型涉禽类的尺骨和胫跗骨远端化石。依据尺骨远端腱凹窄而浅,桡骨凹大,外侧具一纵沟和胫跗骨外关节髁外侧面中央有一窄纵嵴等特征定一新属种:张沟明港鹮Minggangiachanggouensis gen.et sp.nov. 明港鹮的时代为晚始新世,它代表迄今为止我国发现的鹳形目最早的鸟类。     

THE EFFECT OF ACETATE BUFFER MIXTURES,ACETIC ACID,AND SODIUM ACETATE,ON THE PROTOPLASM,AS INFLUENCING THE RATE OF PENETRATION OF CRESYL BLUE INTO THE VACUOLE OF NITELLA

When living cells of Nitella are exposed to a solution of sodium acetate and are then placed in a solution of brilliant cresyl blue made up with a borate buffer mixture at pH 7.85, a decrease in the rate of penetration of dye is found, without any change in the pH value of the sap. It is assumed that this inhibiting effect is caused by the action of sodium on the protoplasm. This effect is not manifest if the dye solution is made up with phosphate buffer mixture at pH 7.85. It is assumed that this is due to the presence of a greater concentration of base cations in the phosphate buffer mixture. In the case of cells previously exposed to solutions of acetic acid the rate of penetration of dye decreases with the lowering of the pH value of the sap. This inhibiting effect is assumed to be due chiefly to the action of acetic acid on the protoplasm, provided the pH value of the external acetic acid is not so low as to involve an inhibiting effect on the protoplasm by hydrogen ions as well. It is assumed that the acetic acid either has a specific effect on the protoplasm or enters as undissociated molecules and by subsequent dissociation lowers the pH value of the protoplasm. With acetate buffer mixture the inhibiting effect is due to the action of sodium and acetic acid on the protoplasm. The inhibiting effect of acetic acid and acetate buffer mixture is manifested whether the dye solution is made up with borate or phosphate buffer mixture at pH 7.85. It is assumed that acetic acid in the vacuole serves as a reservoir so that during the experiment the inhibiting effect still persists.     

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTATO-ROOT EELWORM, HETERODERA ROSTOCHIENSIS

Experiments on the effect of temperature on the development of Heterodera rostochiensis are described. Temperatures above 20° C. slightly reduce penetration of larvae into the potato root and greatly restrict their development in the plant tissues. The temperature range of this parasite is compared with that of H. marioni , and a possible relationship to their geographical distribution is discussed.