拟南芥叶边缘锯齿状突变体的分离与鉴定

叶的极性建立直接决定叶的平展性发育,极性改变导致叶形态异常,影响植物体的各种正常生理活动。利用反向遗传学方法,从拟南芥基因激活标签突变体库中分离到一个叶片边缘锯齿状表型的突变体（命名为pCB1294）,该突变体同时表现出叶表皮腺毛形态发育异常。通过TailPCR方法成功定位突变基因为At5g41663,该基因编码miR319b基因。Real time PCR显示,pCB1294突变体植株中miR319b基因的表达量是野生型（col）植株的11倍多。所得结果为进一步研究miRNA调控叶极性的分子机制和进一步分析miR319b与叶形态发生的关系奠定了基础。     

定位于类囊体膜的PPF1在转基因拟南芥中的表达影响叶绿体的发育

PPF1是一个与植物营养生长相关的基因。它编码的产物可能是一个膜蛋白并与拟南芥叶绿体中的类囊体蛋白ALB3有很高的同源性。免疫电镜分析表明PPF1蛋白同样主要定位于类囊体膜 ,而且在短日照G2豌豆开花两周后仍发育良好的叶绿体中有很高的表达 ,在长日照豌豆同时期非正常叶绿体中丰度非常低。对转基因拟南芥和野生型植株的叶片衰老进程比较发现 ,PPF1在拟南芥中的过量表达可以延缓叶片的衰老 ,而用PPF1反义mRNA抑制拟南芥中的同源基因ALB3则明显加快叶片衰老速度。对转基因拟南芥的超微结构分析显示 ,PPF1在拟南芥中过量表达时 ,转基因植株的叶绿体比野生型植株的叶绿体大并含有更多的基粒和基质类囊体膜 ;相反 ,反义PPF1表达抑制其在拟南芥中的同源物时 ,转基因植株的叶绿体比野生型植株的叶绿体小并含有较少的基粒和发育较差的类囊体膜系统。这些数据表明叶绿体的发育状况与PPF1或拟南芥同源物ALB3的表达水平呈正相关。我们的结果提示PPF1基因可能通过控制叶绿体的发育状况来调节植物的发育。     

定位于类囊体膜的PPF1在转基因拟南芥中的表达影响叶绿体的发育

PPF1是一个与植物营养生长相关的基因.它编码的产物可能是一个膜蛋白并与拟南芥叶绿体中的类囊体蛋白ALB3有很高的同源性.免疫电镜分析表明PPF1蛋白同样主要定位于类囊体膜,而且在短日照G2豌豆开花两周后仍发育良好的叶绿体中有很高的表达,在长日照豌豆同时期非正常叶绿体中丰度非常低.对转基因拟南芥和野生型植株的叶片衰老进程比较发现, PPF1在拟南芥中的过量表达可以延缓叶片的衰老,而用PPF1反义mRNA抑制拟南芥中的同源基因ALB3则明显加快叶片衰老速度.对转基因拟南芥的超微结构分析显示,PPF1在拟南芥中过量表达时,转基因植株的叶绿体比野生型植株的叶绿体大并含有更多的基粒和基质类囊体膜;相反,反义PPF1表达抑制其在拟南芥中的同源物时,转基因植株的叶绿体比野生型植株的叶绿体小并含有较少的基粒和发育较差的类囊体膜系统.这些数据表明叶绿体的发育状况与PPF1或拟南芥同源物ALB3的表达水平呈正相关.我们的结果提示PPF1基因可能通过控制叶绿体的发育状况来调节植物的发育.     

拟南芥AtLH基因过量表达引起叶向下性卷曲和晚开花(英文)

AtLH基因是BcpLH基因在拟南芥(Arabidopsis thealiana L.)中的同源基因,含有两个编码双链RNA结合蛋白的结构域。在大白菜叶球发育过程中,BcpLH基因与包叶的卷曲有关。为研究AtLH基因对叶卷曲这一重要生物学现象的调控作用,构建了35S:AtLH基因的正义表达载体并转化拟南芥。与野生型比较而言,转基因植株的花和叶中AtLH的表达量有显著增加,成为AtLH基因过量表达的植株。这些植株的莲座叶向外或向下卷曲,呈现明显的偏上性生长;而且抽苔和开花时间延迟;在营养生长期其短缩茎的叶腋处着生数个侧茎,表现为顶端优势减弱;在生殖生长期二级花序减少使得主花序更加发达,表现为顶端优势增强;转基因植株对激素的敏感性改变,IAA刺激根生长的作用增强,ABA抑制根生长的作用减弱。由此可见,AtLH基因的过量表达可引起转基因植株的叶片向下卷曲。     

拟南芥AtLH基因过量表达引起叶向下性卷曲和晚开花

AtLH基因是BcpLH基因在拟南芥(Arapsis thaliana L.)中的同源基因,含有两个编码双链RNA结合蛋白的结构域.在大白菜叶球发育过程中,BcpLH基因与包叶的卷曲有关.为研究AtLH的基因对叶卷曲这一重要生物学现象的调控作用,构建了35S:AtLH基因的正义表达载体并转化拟南芥.与野生型比较页言,转基因植株的花和叶中AtLH的表达量有显著增加,成为AtLH基因过量的植株.这些植株的莲座叶向外或向下卷曲,呈现明显的偏上性生长;而且抽苔和开花时间延迟;在营养生长期其短缩茎的叶腑处着生数个侧茎,表现为顶端优势减弱;在生殖生长期二级花序减少使得主花序更加发达,表现为顶端优势增强,转基因植株对激素的敏感性改变,IAA剌激根生长的作用增强,ABA抑制根生长的作用减弱.由此可见,AtLH基因的过量表达可引起转基因植株的叶片向下卷曲.     

拟南芥编码亮氨酸拉链蛋白的AS2基因在叶发育中具有控制极性建立的作用

在拟南芥 (Arabidopsisthaliana (L .)Heynh .)叶发育研究中 ,as2是一个经典突变体。as2典型的表型是叶片开裂或形成一种小叶状结构。遗传学和分子生物学实验证明 ,AS2基因具有抑制KNOX基因在叶中表达的功能。在本文中 ,我们着重研究了新得到的在Landsbergerecta (Ler)遗传背景下的as2突变体。除了前人报道过的as2表型外 ,新as2突变体的部分叶柄长在叶片的下方 ,形成一种荷叶状结构 ,更严重的甚至长成花丝状叶结构。这两种结构都反映了不正常的叶腹背轴极性分化。在我们所收集到的as2等位突变体中 ,只有在Ler背景下这两种结构才以高频率出现。我们通过图位克隆方法分离了AS2基因。该基因编码一个含有亮氨酸拉链结构的蛋白。在拟南芥中 ,AS2同源基因共 4 3个 ,除AS2外 ,其他基因的功能都不清楚。AS2在叶和花中表达 ,在茎中无表达 ,这种表达模式和as2突变体的表型是吻合的。     

拟南芥编码亮氨酸拉链蛋白的AS2基因在叶发育中具有控制极性建立的作用

在拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.)叶发育研究中,as2是一个经典突变体.as2典型的表型是叶片开裂或形成一种小叶状结构.遗传学和分子生物学实验证明,AS2基因具有抑制KNOX基因在叶中表达的功能.在本文中,我们着重研究了新得到的在Landsberg erecta (Ler)遗传背景下的as2突变体.除了前人报道过的as2表型外,新as2突变体的部分叶柄长在叶片的下方,形成一种荷叶状结构,更严重的甚至长成花丝状叶结构.这两种结构都反映了不正常的叶腹背轴极性分化.在我们所收集到的as2等位突变体中,只有在Ler背景下这两种结构才以高频率出现.我们通过图位克隆方法分离了AS2基因.该基因编码一个含有亮氨酸拉链结构的蛋白.在拟南芥中,AS2同源基因共43个,除AS2外,其他基因的功能都不清楚.AS2在叶和花中表达,在茎中无表达,这种表达模式和as2突变体的表型是吻合的.     

高表达水稻WRKY72基因影响拟南芥生长素信号传导

植物转录调控因子WRKY基因家族是一个拥有众多成员的超家族,功能涵盖了植物生长发育的控制与抗病耐逆的调节。我们主要分析了OsWRKY72基因在外源植物拟南芥中的生物学功能。通过转基因拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的遗传学研究发现外源高表达该基因不单明显地抑制转基因植株的顶端优势,增强植株侧枝的生长,还改变了转基因植株叶片和角果的发育。进一步分析证实,高表达OsWRKY72基因所导致转基因拟南芥植株的表型和其它生理现象都与生长素信号通路改变所导致的表型和生理变化极其相近。这些结果说明OsWRKY72基因在外源植物拟南芥体内高表达后很可能改变了其正常的生长素信号通路。     

拟南芥精氨酸甲基转移酶SKB1基因的分离与功能鉴定

以哥伦比亚"生态型(Columbia ecotype)拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)叶片为材料,采用RT-PCR技术,获得了拟南芥精氨酸甲基转移酶(SKB1)基因,该基因全长1 929 bp,将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pET28b上,并转化大肠杆菌BL21,经IPTG诱导表达大量目的蛋白,其表达量占菌体总蛋白的50%以上.通过切胶回收抗原的方法,制备了兔源AtSKB1多克隆抗体,同时构建了SKB1基因的正义表达载体pBI121-35S∷SKB1并转化拟南芥.Western检测结果显示,转基因植株的SKB1表达量显著增加,同时SKB1表达量增加的植株开花时间也明显提前,说明植株的开花时间与SKB1的表达量呈正相关.结果表明,拟南芥SKB1基因的过量表达可引起植株的早花,SKB1参与了植物的开花发育信号通路.     

棉花乙烯合成基因促进拟南芥和烟草不定根发生的研究

从棉花纤维cDNA中克隆获得乙烯合成基因GhACO3,构建了植物过量表达载体p35S::GhACO3.通过花序侵染法和叶盘法分别转化拟南芥和烟草,利用卡那霉素筛选及分子检测获得转基因阳性拟南芥和烟草植株.结果表明,GhACO3基因已整合到拟南芥和烟草基因组中;经过纯合筛选后获得转基因T2代拟南芥植株;与野生型拟南芥相比,GhACO3基因对拟南芥不定根发生具有显著促进作用;与野生型烟草植株相比,转GhACO3基因烟草不定根发生得到了显著的促进.研究表明,GhACO3基因的过量表达能够促进拟南芥和烟草不定根的形成发育,为进一步探讨GhACO3的生物学功能和进行转基因育种奠定了基础.     

A link between cytokinin and ASL9 (ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 LIKE 9) that belongs to the AS2/LOB (LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES) family genes in Arabidopsis thaliana

In Arabidopsis thaliana, each member of a large family of AS2/LOB (ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES) genes encodes a plant specific protein. They are highly homologous to one other. A mutational lesion in the representative AS2 gene results in the development of anomalous asymmetric leaves, implying that these family members commonly play some roles in plant development. In this study, we found that ectopic overexpression of ASL9 (ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 LIKE 9) in transgenic plants displayed a markedly anomalous architecture during the development of adult plants. Then we found that among AS2/LOB family members, ASL9 is distinct from the others in that it is exclusively regulated by the plant hormone cytokinin in a manner dependent on His-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction. We further found that when supplied externally in a medium, cytokinin specifically affected the growth properties of ASL9-ox seedlings. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that the cytokinin-induced ASL9 gene is implicated in regulation of the development of Arabidopsis thaliana.     

Spermine facilitates recovery from drought but does not confer drought tolerance in transgenic rice plants expressing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Datura stramonium</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase

Polyamines are known to play important roles in plant stress tolerance but it has been difficult to determine precise functions for each type of polyamine and their interrelationships. To dissect the roles of putrescine from the higher polyamines spermidine and spermine, we generated transgenic rice plants constitutively expressing a heterologous S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) gene from Datura stramonium so that spermidine and spermine levels could be investigated while maintaining a constant putrescine pool. Whereas transgenic plants expressing arginine decarboxylase (ADC) produced higher levels of putrescine, spermidine and spermine, and were protected from drought stress, transgenic plants expressing SAMDC produced normal levels of putrescine and showed drought symptoms typical of wild type plants under stress, but the transgenic plants showed a much more robust recovery on return to normal conditions (90% full recovery compared to 25% partial recovery for wild type plants). At the molecular level, both wild type and transgenic plants showed transient reductions in the levels of endogenous ADC1 and SAMDC mRNA, but only wild type plants showed a spike in putrescine levels under stress. In transgenic plants, there was no spike in putrescine but a smooth increase in spermine levels at the expense of spermidine. These results confirm and extend the threshold model for polyamine activity in drought stress, and attribute individual roles to putrescine, spermidine and spermine.     

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">SPL</Emphasis> gene family with <Emphasis Type="Italic">BpSPL9</Emphasis> transgenic lines found to confer tolerance to abiotic stress in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Betula platyphylla</Emphasis> Suk.

Christolea crassifolia HARDY: gene (CcHRD) belongs to the AP2/ERF-like tanscritpion factor family, and overexpression of HRD gene has been proved to result in improved water use efficiency and enhanced drought resistance in multiple plant species. In the present study, we cloned the CcHRD gene from Christolea crassifolia, which shares 99.1% sequence similarity with the HRD gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. We generated transgenic tomato plants expressing CcHRD gene by agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Our results revealed that the transgenic tomato plants showed a more developed root system and higher fruit yield than the wild-type plants. Furthermore, the leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm value in transgenic plants were significantly higher than the wild type, while the relative conductivity and MDA content of transgenic plant leaves were markedly lower than those of wild type under drought stress. We also observed that the major agronomic traits of transgenic tomato plants were improved under natural drought stress compared with those of the wild type. In summary, results in this transgenic study showed that the CcHRD gene could enhance the drought resistance in tomato, and also provided important information for the application of drought-responsive genes in improving crop plant resistance to abiotic stresses.