新疆鳞网衣属地衣的初步研究（英文）

采用形态解剖、化学等传统分类方法,对新疆天山的鳞网衣属地衣进行了初步研究,发现该属的3个种,其中脑状鳞网衣(Psora cerebriformis W.A.Weber)和小红褐色鳞网衣[Psora luridella(Tuck.)Fink]是中国新记录种。文中对鳞网衣属3个种进行了详细的描述,并提供了相关彩色图片。     

新疆鳞网衣属地衣的初步研究

采用形态解剖、化学等传统分类方法,对新疆天山的鳞网衣属地衣进行了初步研究,发现该属的3个种,其中脑状鳞网衣（Psora cerebriformis W. A. Weber）和小红褐色鳞网衣［Psora luridella (Tuck.) Fink］是中国新记录种。文中对鳞网衣属3个种进行了详细的描述,并提供了相关彩色图片。     

新疆网衣属地衣中国新记录种（英文）

大量采集新疆各地网衣属（LecideaAch.）地衣标本,发现1个中国新记录种L.hypocrita,4个新疆新记录种L.berengeriana,L.confluens,L.lactea,L.lithophila。文中对这些新记录地衣进行了详细描述,并提供了反映地衣特征的彩色图片。     

中国地衣1新记录属——珐氏衣属及其新记录种

在对中国网衣类地衣进行研究时,发现1个中国新记录属——珐氏衣属及其新记录种——微型珐氏衣。该研究利用形态学和化学的手段,对微型珐氏衣的分类学特征进行了详细描述,并提供了相关照片。     

新疆地衣新记录属——拟蕊衣属（英文）

描述了新疆新记录属——拟蕊衣属Hypocenomyce M.Choisy,及新疆新记录种——梯状拟蕊衣H.scalaris(Ach.ex Liljeblad)M.Choisy。拟蕊衣属地衣的主要特点是地衣体鳞片状,鳞片下面被粉芽,上皮层由细胞不明显的密丝组织组成,藻细胞分布在整个地衣体内,子囊盘网衣型。文中对新记录属及新记录种的形态、解剖、化学及生态学特征给予详细的描述,并提供了相关彩色图片。     

中国赤星衣属一新种和一新记录种(茶渍目:赤星衣科)

该研究对采自于我国的200余份赤星衣属(Haematomma)地衣标本利用形态学、化学、生态学等特征进行了综合研究,发现赤星衣属一新种和一中国新记录种。新种为砖壁赤星衣(H.muriformis R.Tang&Z.J.Ren),主要特征为子囊盘红色,孢子砖壁型,较宽(75~87.5×12.5~20μm),所含化学物质为atranorin、haematommone和arthothelin。中国新记录种为马托赤星衣(H.matogrossense Kalb&Staiger)。该文对新种和中国新记录种进行了详细的特征描述,提供了形态和解剖照片,同时提供了已知中国赤星衣属地衣物种的检索表。该研究充实了赤星衣属地衣的数据信息资源库,为《中国地衣志》的编写提供了基础资料。     

中国地衣1新记录属——珐氏衣属及其新记录种（英文）

在对中国网衣类地衣进行研究时,发现1个中国新记录属——珐氏衣属及其新记录种——微型珐氏衣。该研究利用形态学和化学的手段,对微型珐氏衣的分类学特征进行了详细描述,并提供了相关照片。     

网衣属3个中国新记录种（英文）

该研究以采集于中国新疆地区的网衣科网衣属地衣标本为试验材料,采用形态解剖学、地衣化学物质检测方法和系统发育学方法,观察分析网衣属地衣的形态解剖特征、次生代谢产物以及核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)系统发育树,依据形态解剖数据、次生代谢产物种类以及系统发育树分类地位更为综合的鉴定种。结果显示:(1)共鉴定出网衣科网衣属3个中国新记录种——暗色网衣(Lecidea fuscoatrina HertelLeuckert)、珠光网衣(Lecidea perlatolica HertelLeuckert)和多器网衣(Lecidea polypycnidophora U. Rupr.Türk),并提供了3个新记录的形态解剖图。(2)ITS系统发育树结果表明,暗色网衣与近缘种Lecidea atrobrunnea原种及亚种、Lecidea fuscoatra、珠光网衣与近缘种Lecidea promiscens以及Lecidea polypycnidophora与近缘种Lecidea andersonii各形成一个分支,依据分支组成可将形态差异不明显的近缘种鉴别开。     

中国石鳞衣属（石鳞衣科）地衣一新种

通过形态学、解剖学、化学与分子系统学相结合的方法对采自巴音布鲁克自然保护区的地衣进行分类学研究,发现石鳞衣属地衣一新种——白缘石鳞衣Gypsoplaca albimarginata。新种的主要特征为地衣体具白色边缘、假根,子囊盘红褐色、镶嵌在鳞片表面。本研究对该种进行了详细的形态特征描述,并与其相似种进行了比较和讨论。     

中国文字衣科（厚顶盘目、子囊菌门）地衣之稀有和新记录种

报道了采自中国的12种稀见的文字衣科(厚顶盘目、子囊菌门)地衣。它们分别隶属于白唇衣属Dyplolabia、刻痕衣属Glyphis、半实衣属Hemithecium、凸唇衣属Platygramme、双实衣属Platythecium和星衣属Sarcographa,其中中国新记录6种。文中每一种地衣均有文字描述、图片和分种检索表。     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Molecular phylogeny of Phebalium (Rutaceae: Boronieae) and related genera based on the nrDNA regions ITS 1+2

Parsimony analyses of the internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS 1 & ITS 2) for 38 taxa sampled from the Phebalium group (Rutaceae: Boronieae) and two outgroups confirm that, with the exception of Phebalium sensu stricto and Rhadinothamnus, six of the currently recognised genera within the group are monophyletic. The data indicate that Phebaliums. str. is paraphyletic with respect to Microcybe, and Rhadinothamnus is paraphyletic with respect to Chorilaena. Rhadinothamnus and Chorilaena together are the sister group to Nematolepis. Drummondita, included as an outgroup taxon, clustered within the ingroup as sister to Muiriantha and related to Asterolasia.The phylogeny suggests that the evolution of major clades within a number of these genera (e.g. Phebalium) relates to vicariance events between eastern and south-western Australia. Leionema is an eastern genus, with the most basal taxon being the morphologically distinct Leionema ellipticum from northern Queensland. Leionema also includes one species from New Zealand, but this species (as with some others) proved difficult to sequence and its phylogenetic position remains unknown. Taxonomic changes at the generic level are recommended.The authors wish to thank Paul G.Wilson, PERTH, for advice and discussion, and Paul Forster, BRI, for collecting and providing material of Leionema ellipticum. The project was supported by a Melbourne University Postgraduate Award (to BM), the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), Australian Systematic Botany Society and Wolf Den (Australia) Investments.     

New species and new combinations in Peruvian Orchidaceae

seventeen new species and combinations are proposed in the generaChondrorhyncha, Cischweinfia, Cochlioda, Eloyella, Encyclia, Kefersteinia, Koellensteinia, Macroclinium, Rodriguezia, Solenidiopsis, andStenia. All new species are illustrated. A key is provided for 2-flowered species ofMacroclinium, PeruvianSigmatostalix, and PeruvianStenia. Solenidium (Solenidiopsis) peruvianum Schltr. is lectotypified.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Phylogenetic investigations of Sordariaceae based on multiple gene sequences and morphology

The family Sordariaceae incorporates a number of fungi that are excellent model organisms for various biological, biochemical, ecological, genetic and evolutionary studies. To determine the evolutionary relationships within this group and their respective phylogenetic placements, multiple-gene sequences (partial nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA, nuclear ITS ribosomal DNA and partial nuclear β-tubulin) were analysed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Analyses of different gene datasets were performed individually and then combined to generate phylogenies. We report that Sordariaceae, with the exclusion Apodus and Diplogelasinospora, is a monophyletic group. Apodus and Diplogelasinospora are related to Lasiosphaeriaceae. Multiple gene analyses suggest that the spore sheath is not a phylogenetically significant character to segregate Asordaria from Sordaria. Smooth-spored Sordaria species (including so-called Asordaria species) constitute a natural group. Asordaria is therefore congeneric with Sordaria. Anixiella species nested among Gelasinospora species, providing further evidence that non-ostiolate ascomata have evolved from ostiolate ascomata on several independent occasions. This study agrees with previous studies that show heterothallic Neurospora species to be monophyletic, but that homothallic ones may have a multiple origins. Although Gelasinospora and Neurospora are closely related and not resolved as monophyletic groups, there is insufficient evidence to place currently accepted Gelasinospora and Neurospora species into the same genus.     

Die GattungKarschia — Bindeglied zwischen bitunicaten Ascomyceten und lecanoralen Flechtenpilzen?

The genusKarschia, in the earlier sense, including saprophytes and parasites on lichens, has been thought to be a non-lichenized parallel genus of the lichen genusBuellia. Modern workers included it on the one hand inBuellia, on the other hand combined it with bitunicate ascomycetes. It is now proved thatKarschia is heterogeneous and contains but superficially similar members both of the genusBuellia of theLecanorales and of typical or masked bitunicateAscomycetes. Therefore, it can not be regarded as a link betweenLecanorales andDothideales. The type species ofKarschia belongs to theDothideales.

     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Changes of dung beetle communities from rainforests towards agroforestry systems and annual cultures in Sulawesi (Indonesia)

Little is known about how tropical land-use systems contribute to the conservation of functionally important insect groups, including dung beetles. In a study at the margin of Lore Lindu National Park (a biodiversity hotspot in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia) dung-beetle communities were sampled in natural forest, young secondary forest, agroforestry systems (cacao plantations with shade trees) and annual cultures (maize fields), each with four replicates (n = 16 sites). At each site we used 10 pitfall traps, baited with cattle dung, along a 100 m transect for six 3-day periods. The number of trapped specimens and species richness at the natural forest sites was higher than in all land-use systems, which did not significantly differ. Each land-use system contained, on average, 75% of the species richness of the natural forest, thereby indicating their importance for conservation. However, a two-dimensional scaling plot based on NESS indices (m = 6) indicated distinct dung beetle communities for both forest types, while agroforestry systems and annual cultures exhibited a pronounced overlap. Mean body size of dung beetles was not significantly influenced by land-use intensity. Five of the six most abundant dung beetle species were recorded in all habitats, whereas the abundance of five other species was significantly related to habitat type. Mean local abundance and number of occupied sites were closely correlated, further indicating little habitat specialisation. The low dung beetle diversity (total of 18 recorded species) may be due to the absence of larger mammals in Sulawesi during historical times, even though Sulawesi is the largest island of Wallacea. In conclusion, the dung beetle fauna of the lower montane forest zone in Central Sulawesi appears to be relatively robust to man-made habitat changes and the majority of species did not exhibit strong habitat preferences.     

安徽牯牛降的丝孢菌Ⅰ

本文报导作者采自安徽枯牛降自然保护区的18种丝孢菌,分属于5个属,其中有3个新种:牛皮冻生尾孢(Cercospora paederiicola),山鸡椒假尾饱(Pseudocercospora litseae-cubebae),鸡血藤生假尾孢(P. millettiicola)和2个中国新纪录。文中对新种进行了描述及绘图,新记录种作了简要说明。研究的标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。