银杏超小卷叶蛾生物学特性与防治

银杏超小卷叶蛾PammeneginkgoicolaLiu在安徽黄山、九华山 1年发生 1代 ,以蛹在粗树皮内或树枝裂缝中越冬。该虫以幼虫蛀食短枝和当年生长枝嫩茎 ,翌年 4月上旬为成虫羽化期 ,4月上旬至 5月上旬达羽化高峰。 4月中旬为产卵盛期 ,4月上旬幼虫孵化 ,4月下旬孵化盛期 ,4月上旬至 5月底为幼虫为害期 ,5月下旬至 7月上旬幼虫全部钻入树皮。 5月份用 2 5 %溴氰菊酯乳油 3 0 0 0倍喷雾或用80 %敌敌畏 1 0 0 0倍液与 40 %氧化乐果 1 0 0 0倍液混合喷雾 ,防治效果 90 %左右。 6月中下旬用敌敌畏原液、氧化乐果、柴油按 1∶1 5∶3的比配成油雾剂喷洒树干 ,可有效地消灭害虫。     

国槐新害虫——竖鳞条麦蛾的初步研究

竖鳞条麦蛾AnarsiasquamerectaLietZheng是国槐上新发现的害虫 ,该文首次报道了其寄主及生物学特性。该虫在山东商河 1年发生 1代 ,以 3龄幼虫在枝条芽缝内越冬 ,用 40 %久效磷 1 0 0 0倍液喷雾防治 ,防治效果较好     

芦禾草螟生物学特性及防治

芦禾草螟是山东滨湖芦苇产区主要害虫之一,1年发生1代,以2～3龄幼虫越冬。幼虫分为五龄,历期331天左右。采用烧苇茬、50％甲基对硫磷或50％辛硫磷乳油1000倍稀释液在其孵化初期和盛期2次喷雾,效果达90％以上。     

茶黑刺粉虱的生物学特性及防治

茶黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance是茶树的主要害虫之一。该虫在山东省薛城1年发生4代,以幼虫在叶片中越冬。对成虫、初孵幼虫和越冬幼虫的田间化学防治试验,结果显示,分别选用1.8%阿维菌素2500倍液或2.5%吡虫啉2000倍液防治成虫或幼虫效果较好。     

赫氏筒天牛的生物学特性及防治

赫氏筒天牛是毛乌素沙地固沙植物塔落岩黄芪的钻蛀性害虫。此虫 2年发生 1代 ,在寄主根部越冬。 5月中旬羽化盛期用 2 5%甲胺磷乳剂 10 0 0倍稀释液喷雾杀成虫 ,防治效果可达 87.4 %。平茬措施可有效抑制该虫的危害     

黄檀丑舟蛾生物学特性及防治的研究

黄檀丑舟蛾是南岭黄檀的重要食叶害虫,该虫在福建南平一年发生6代,以蛹在疏松土壤中越冬,翌年5月初成虫开始羽化。雌虫产卵于嫩叶上,成块。每雌产卵82-306粒。幼虫5龄,各代幼虫的危害盛期;第一代5月下旬至6旬上旬。第二代6月下旬,第三代7月下旬,第四代8月中旬,第五代9月下旬,第六代11月上旬至中旬。试验表明,20%杀灭菊酯4000倍液或80%敌敌畏2000倍液对幼虫均有良好的毒杀效果。     

微红梢斑螟的生物学特性及其防治

微红梢斑螟是为害马尾松的重要害虫之一,该虫在福建明溪1年发生3-4代,以幼虫越冬,幼虫5龄,卵期3-7天左右,曲虫期24-35天,越冬代138-169天,蛹期11-18天。选用40％氧化乐果、80％敌敌畏、50％甲胺磷、4.5%氯氢萄酯,20％杀灭菊脂等农药的不同浓度,采用拉丁方设计对微红梢斑螟进行防治试验。结果表明所选用的农药中80％敌敌畏500倍液、50％甲胺礴500倍液、40％氧化乐果500、1000、1500倍液,对3-5龄幼虫的防治效果部在85％以上。20%杀灭菊酯、80%敌敌畏和柴油以2：1：50或1：2：50的比例混合,防治效果均在90％以上．     

河南伏牛山区核桃举肢蛾生活史及防治药剂筛选

河南伏牛山区地理和气候环境独特，核桃Juglans regia L.栽植面积较大，但是核桃举肢蛾Atrijuglans hetaohei Yang的危害严重制约着当地核桃产业的发展。为了绿色防控核桃举肢蛾，本研究利用生态学手段调查了伏牛山区核桃举肢蛾的年生活史和发生规律，对包括苏云金杆菌在内的11种药剂的防治效果进行了比较，并检测了该地区核桃的农药残留，以期为伏牛山区核桃绿色生产提供理论和实践基础。结果表明核桃举肢蛾在河南伏牛山区1年发生2代，越冬代成虫发生期为6月上旬至6月下旬，其中6月中旬为核桃举肢蛾越冬代成虫发生盛期；第1代卵孵化盛期为6月底至7月上旬；第1代幼虫盛发期在7月中旬；第2代卵期为7月下旬至8月中旬，8月中旬为第2代幼虫危害盛期，第2代成虫期为7月中旬至8月上旬。核桃举肢蛾的成虫羽化盛期至初孵幼虫期为最佳防治时期，药剂筛选试验表明：8 000 IU/mL苏云金杆菌悬浮剂使用剂量为稀释750倍液，喷雾防治效果最好为93.62%，与25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂使用剂量为稀释7 500倍液喷雾防治效果（91.49%）相当。农药残留检测表明：核桃果仁注干吡虫啉残留较高，但灌根未检出，检测果仁没有发现常用药剂高效氯氟氰菊酯残留或残留较低不能检测出来。以上结果表明，河南伏牛山区每年6月中旬至7月中旬，选择苏云金杆菌和噻虫嗪进行防治，不仅对核桃举肢蛾有较好的防治效果，而且可以逐步减少或淘汰农药残留量较大的化学药剂，逐步实现解决大宗经济林有害生物新模式。     

梨斑叶甲的发生与防治

记述了梨斑叶甲各虫期的形态。该虫每年发生1代,以成虫在土内越冬。3月下旬出蛰取食,产卵于寄生叶背面。卵期7～10天,幼虫期20天左右,蛹期11天左右,成虫期360天左右。在幼虫三龄以前用80％敌敌畏乳油、40％乐果乳油、20％杀灭菊酯乳油喷雾防治均有良好效果。     

对危害松树幼林的桃蛀螟观察初报

桃蛀螟Dichocrocis puncilferalis Guenée原为重要的农业果树害虫。近年来在福建省的部分县市对剐植下的松树幼林危害严重．经观察。诙虫在南平、建宁一年发生4-5代,以4龄幼虫在被害橙梢虫苞内越冬,翌年春。越冬后的幼虫仍能取食为害．可采用白僵菌粉剂、95％晶体敌百虫300倍液或40％乐果乳油400倍液。喷布防治．效果可达94．1％以上．     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV