华中西南区一条国际前寒武系与寒武系界线层型补充剖面

1992年,全球前寒武系与寒武系界线层型剖面和层型点确定在加拿大纽芬兰东南幸运角剖面,并以遗迹化石带Trichophycus pedium的底作为前寒武系与寒武系的分界点。但是,幸运角剖面主要是以硅质碎屑岩相为主,难以与含有丰富小壳化石和具有可对比的稳定同位素资料的碳酸盐相界线剖面进行对比。为此,提出我国云南会泽大海附近的一条以碳酸盐相为主的剖面作为全球前寒武系与寒武系界线层型剖面的补充剖面。理由是（1）在大海剖面上,震旦系灯影组白岩哨段、待补段和下寒武统牛家菁组的中谊村段,大海段之间为整合接触;（2）早寒武世早期地层单元含有丰富的小壳化石并且可划分出4个小壳化石组合带;（3）利用碳同位素资料可以将大海剖面与许多其它剖面相当地层对比;（4）著名的梅树村剖面离大海剖面不远,它们均含有丰富的小壳化石和遗迹化石,两者易于对比。文章进一步认为寒武系的下界放在第I小壳化石组合带（Anabarites trisulcatus-Protohertzina anabarica）的底,相当于大海剖面11层的底。     

湖北宜昌寒武系纽芬兰统岩家河组中的蓝菌类化石

本文报道了产于湖北宜昌寒武系纽芬兰统岩家河组中的蓝菌类化石Girvanella sp.,从而丰富了我国寒武系底部蓝菌类化石的新产地。文中还讨论了蓝菌类化石的保存方式和蓝菌类在硅磷质结核的形成过程中的作用。     

湖北宜昌震旦系-寒武系界线地层Micrhystridium regulare化石的发现及其地层意义

该文记述了国际前寒武系-寒武系界线层型候选剖面所在地,湖北宜昌震旦系-寒武系界线地层中发现的小刺球藻类化石Micrhystridium regulare,regulare,讨论了它们的产出层位及其归属,并对小刺球藻类化石在时间上、空间上的分布作了简要的归纳,最后提出了小刺球藻类化石在震旦系-寒武系界线地层的划分和大区域地层对比中重要的潜在作用。     

再论滇东前寒武系与寒武系界线剖面

本文论述了滇东滇池断裂带以东以及滇东北地区连续完整的前寒武系与寒武系界线地层剖面自下而上的层序是旧城段、白岩哨段、“小歪头山段”、待补段、中谊村段、大海段、石岩头段、玉案山段。论证了晋宁王家湾剖面待补段位于“小歪头山段”之上;晋宁梅树村剖面“小歪头山段”磷质条带中的小壳化石是中谊村段向下渗漏的产物,它在岩性上与白岩哨段无多大区别,可归入同一地层段范畴,恢复原命名的白岩哨段涵义。论述了以云南晋宁梅树村剖面为代表的滇池断裂带以西地区前寒武系与寒武系界线地层剖面有沉积间断,缺失了待补段沉积和大海段上部的瘤状白云岩,从而增补了梅树村阶大海段的一个化石带Ｈｅｒａｕｌｔｉｐｅｇｍａｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,基本上肯定了梅树村阶有四个化石组合带。最新研究表明,滇东前寒武系与寒武系最佳界线地层剖面应是滇东北会泽雨碌和大海剖面。滇东前寒武系与寒武系的界线应放在中谊村段与待补段之间,即最古老的小壳化石组合之底。     

华北陆块西南缘寒武系辛集组Stenotheca型和Pelagiella型壳体化石几何形态测量学初探

华北陆块普遍缺失寒武系纽芬兰统至第二统下部的地层,其西南缘较为广泛分布的辛集组是研究区内最早接受沉积的一套寒武纪地层,产出大量的小壳化石,时代为寒武纪第三期中晚期至第四期早期。辛集组的小壳化石中包括大量特征明显,具有锥状、内卷式、松旋壳体的软体动物化石。本文在华北西南缘陕西洛南县灵口地区新发现的梧桐沟剖面、焦村剖面和前人研究过的陇县柴家洼剖面寒武系辛集组中下部获取了数千枚化石标本,并从中选取了保存较为完好的32枚软体动物化石和6枚前人文献中报道的相关化石(Anabarellaaustralis Runnegar in Bengtson et al., 1990, Stenotheca transbaikalica Parkhaev, 2004, Anabarella drepanoida He et Pei, 1984,PelagiellaaduncaMissarzhevskyinRozanov&Missarzhevsky,1966,AuriculaspiraaduncaHeetPei,1984,Auriculaspiramadianensis Zhou et Xiao, 19...     

湖北三峡地区纽芬兰统岩家河组的宏体藻类化石

文中报道湖北宜昌纽芬兰统岩家河组小壳化石Ⅰ、Ⅱ组合之间的宏体藻类化石:中华细丝藻属Sinocy-lindra,崆岭藻属Konglingphyton,约克那斯藻属Yuknessia和文德带藻属Vendotaenia。通过对宏体藻类化石研究,表明它们无论从保存形式还是形态特征上看,带有庙河生物群的色彩,同时与牛蹄塘生物群和澄江生物群可能也有一定的联系,这为研究宏体藻类的辐射、演化提供了化石依据。     

球形小壳化石在贵州金沙寒武系牛蹄塘组的首次发现

贵州金沙岩孔剖面的寒武系牛蹄塘组为跨阶地层,以镍钼矿层为分界面,其上部属于筇竹寺阶,下部为梅树村阶。近期,作者利用15%左右的醋酸浸泡金沙岩孔剖面牛蹄塘组底部(梅树村阶)的岩样,发现了以球形化石为主的单胞、多胞球形类小壳动物化石,包括Olivooides pearformis和其余两类未确定的球形化石。此次球形化石的发现不仅丰富了牛蹄塘生物群的生物面貌,而且为解译早期后生动物的起源和演化、胚胎生物学提供了化石资料。     

湖南石门杨家坪晚震旦世至早寒武世小壳化石

本文描述了湖南石门杨家坪组下段(本文命名为泥沙段)和灯影组顶部的小壳化石15个属、11个种和7个未定种(包括3个新属、8个新种)。它们分属于软舌螺类、似软舌螺类、海绵类、阿纳巴管类、牙形刺状化石、球状化石和分类位置未定的化石。建立了二个小壳化石组合:上组合为Protohertzina unguliformis-Kaiyangites multispinatus;下组合为Eocucumaria sinica-Huangshandongella yangjiapingensis。本剖面的寒武系与震旦系的界线划在上、下化石组合之间。该区小壳化石的发现改变了我国过渡区内没有小壳化石的观念,为解决本区和邻区(川、鄂、黔)震旦系与寒武系界线地层的对比提供了极为重要的古生物依据。     

最早带壳动物化石外壳的矿物学特征

本文对采自我国上扬子地层区内研究较细的若干条前寒武系-寒武系界线剖面的带壳化石进行综合性矿物学研究。借鉴化石钙质骨骼研究方法和成果,运用电镜微区研究及能谱分析资料,就术语的运用、磷质壳与钙质壳之间形成机理的相似性、化石结构的原生及次生性质,以及小壳化石壳壁显微结构分类、演化序列提出一些看法。认为;小壳化石外壳壳质成分大部分为胶磷矿,少量为显微纤状磷灰石,部分为成岩后生作用交代成因的碳酸盐及硅质壳,偶而有原生方解石壳。本文提出此类化石外壳可分原生和次生两大类,其演化序列可简括为:胶粒→层纤、柱状→层纹(片状)。     

云南澄江早寒武世地层并论中国的Parabadiella,摩洛哥的Abadiella及澳大利亚的Abadiella huoi

根据近来的发现,区域地层的阐明及生物在寒武系界线上下的变化,澄江早寒武世地层划分作了修订。早寒武世岩石地层名称的更换,年代地层及生物地层单位的分带这里作了简述.目前的岩石地层单位从上到上是渔户村组（梅树阶）,黑林铺组（筇竹寺阶）,红井哨组、乌龙箐组（沧浪铺阶）及山邑村组（龙王庙阶）。此层序可分为2个亚带。所有的组合带在中国西南地台区都有存在,但两个亚带在澄江是区域性的。云南东部震旦系与寒武系的界线暂时置于渔户村且小歪头山段的底界,位于小壳化石最早出现的下部。中国的Parabadiella,摩洛哥的Abadiella及澳大利亚的Abadiella huoi这里重新作了研究。Parabadiella及Abadiella是两个不同的属。模式标本的图片在这里再次刊出。澳大利亚的Abadiella huoi一种应是Wutingaspis的一个新种（Wutingaspis jelli Chang sp.nov)。Opik(1975）的Dolerolenus(?)sp.nov.一种应归属Parabadiella huoi一种。Parabadiella是中国也是澳大利亚寒武系最古老的三叶虫。澳大利亚的Wutingaspis jelli的层位与摩洛哥Abadiella的层位相当,可与中国的Wutingaspis-Eoredichia带的上部对比。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.