滩地杨树生长立地因子的多变量分析

应用多元统计分析方法,对长江中下游滩地杨树人工林生长与立地条件诸因子的关系进行研究．结果表明：影响滩地杨树人工林生长的立地因子为土壤质地、土壤容重、滩面高程、土壤湿度、淹水时间,其中前三项为主要影响因子．结果为今后滩地杨树大面积造林及经营管理提供了重要理论依据和参考．     

安徽长江滩地杨树人工林个体生长与水淹状况的关系

通过对长江滩地连续７年的水文动态以及滩地杨树人工林年轮生长序列的研究,分析杨树人工林个体生长与水淹时间、水淹深度以及气候因子的相应关系,建立相关模型。结果表明,林分个体胸径分布格局与滩地的高程具显著的相关性,水淹深度对直径生长的影响大于水淹的时间,而当年的径向生长与前一年８、９月水淹情况以及气候因子的关系明显。在滩地营造杨树人工林,以丰产为目的宜选择深度小于２ｍ的地域造林,淹水深度超过２ｍ的地域宜     

安徽长江滩地杨树人工林个体生长与水淹状况的关系

通过对长江滩地连续7年的水文动态以及滩地杨树人工林年轮生长序列的研究,分析杨树人工林个体生长与水淹时间、水淹深度以及气候因子的相应关系,建立相关模型.结果表明,林分个体胸径分布格局与滩地的高程具显著的相关性,水淹深度对直径生长的影响大于水淹的时间,而当年的径向生长与前一年8、9月水淹情况以及气候因子的关系明显.在滩地营造杨树人工林,以丰产为目的宜选择水淹深度小于2m的地域造林,淹水深度超过2m的地域宜适当密植,以培养小径材为主.     

杨树生长模型的选择

本文选用常用生长模型和4类灰色模型,分别对6个新品系杨树生长动态规律进行模拟;结果表明：在常用的生长模型中,Richards方程模拟效果最好,而不是通常认为的Logistic方程;在灰色模型中．以GM（1,1）模拟效果最好,也可作为杨树生长模型．     

土壤涝渍对杨树和柳树苗期生长及生理性状影响的研究

研究了两种杨树无性系（ＮＬ８０１０５、ＮＬ８０３５１）和柳树在土壤涝渍条件下的生长及生理性状．结果表明,在涝渍胁迫下苗木根系数量减少,根系长度缩短,根活力下降;高生长降低;最终生物量明显减小;叶片气孔对涝渍胁迫有较强反应,叶片中硝酸还原酶（ＮＲ）活性也会受到一定影响．柳树与杨树之间存在较大差异,无论从生长还是生理性状看,杨树不如柳树耐涝．     

不同土壤水分状况对杨树、沙棘水分关系及生长的影响

在盆栽条件下对杨树、沙棘进行了3种土壤水分处理,研究结果表明：沙棘的叶含水率在同一土壤水分下比杨树高、而水势低,说明沙棘叶的抗旱保水能力强于杨树;沙棘单叶的光合速率能够长时间维持在较高的水平,蒸腾速率却并非如此。杨树无论在生长初期,还是生长中期其单叶WUE均高于沙棘。以新生枝生物量／耗水总量计算的整体WUE在3种土壤水分条件下,杨树的WUE分别是沙棘的2．4倍、2．3倍、2倍,其差异达极显著水平,但在3种土壤水分条件下2个树种都以中度亏缺下的水分利用率最高。整个生长季节处在严重干旱下的杨树和沙棘的生长均受到显著影响,沙棘生长受干旱影响程度小于杨树,从整个生长趋势上看杨树适宜于良好水分下的生长,沙棘在适宜水分和中度亏缺下均可良好生长。     

沙棘对中国亚湿润干旱区杨树人工林生长与生产力的影响(英文)

通过将沙棘（Ｈｉｐｐｏｐｈａｅ ｒｈａｍｎｏｉｄｅｓ Ｌ．）与３种杨树品种（小黑杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓ ｃｖ．“Ｘｉａｏｈｅｉ”）昭林６号杨（Ｐ．ｃｖ．“Ｚｈａｏｌｉｎ０６”）和欧美杨６４号（Ｐ．ｅｕｒａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｅ ｃｖ．“Ｎ３０１６”））的人工林分别按株混两种方式进行混交实验,研究了固氮植物沙棘对亚湿润干旱区的杨树人工林生长和生产力的影响。研究结果表明：无论哪一种杨树品种或混交方式,沙棘与杨树     

沙棘对中国亚湿润干旱区的杨树人工林生长与生产力的影响(英文)

通过将沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L．)与3种杨树品种(小黑杨(Populus cv.“Xiaohei”),昭林6号杨(P．cv．“Zhaolin06”)和欧美杨64号(P．euramericane cv．“N3016”))的人工林分别按株混和行混两种方式进行混交实验,研究了固氮植物沙棘对亚湿润干旱区的杨树人工林生长和生产力的影响。研究结果表明：无论哪一种杨树品种或混交方式,沙棘与杨树混交后能显著地增加杨树人工林的生长量,林分平均胸径增加6％～38％,林分平均高增加8％～23％。在株混方式中,杨树地上部生物量大于杨树纯林的地上部生物量。但是在行混方式中,呈现相反的规律,这是由于行混方式中单位面积的杨树株数少。无论哪一种杨树品种或混交方式,杨树与沙棘混交林的地上部净生产力大于杨树纯林的地上部生产力。在株混和行混两种方式中,沙棘占总地上部净生产力的比例分别为20％和41％,但草本植物所占的比重很小。     

近40年河北坝上地区杨树人工林径向生长对气候变化的响应差异

运用树木年轮气候学方法,研究近40年河北坝上地区健康和衰退小叶杨人工林径向生长对气候响应敏感性差异,揭示健康和衰退杨树生长与气候关系的时间变异规律。结果表明：（1）衰退杨树径向生长对温度、降水等气候因素响应较健康杨树敏感。衰退杨树年表中的气候信号较强,与当年生长季（4、8-10月）的气温因素呈显著负相关,与上一年休眠期（9月-当年1月）和当年生长季（7月）的降水和相对湿度呈显著正相关。健康杨树年表中气候信号较弱,主要与上一年冬季（12月）和当年生长季（4月）的气温因素呈显著负相关,与上一年生长末期（8-11月）降水和相对湿度呈显著正相关。（2）从各年表与帕默尔干旱指数（PDSI）的响应强度来看,衰退杨树生长更易受夏季干旱胁迫影响。衰退杨树年表与上一年9月-当年3月、6-10月的PDSI呈显著正相关,而健康杨树径向生长与PDSI呈弱的正相关。（3）1975-2017年间,随气温升高,健康和衰退杨树生长对温度的敏感性下降;健康杨树生长对降水和PDSI的敏感性较为稳定,适应能力强,而衰退杨树生长对降水和PDSI的敏感性增强,适应能力变弱。综上所述,干旱胁迫是限制衰退杨树生长的主要因素,而健康杨树生长受气候影响较弱,能适应当地气候条件。衰退杨树对气候变化响应较健康杨树明显,在气候变暖背景下,衰退杨树生长的气候限制因子由温度转变为水分,导致河北坝上地区遭受干旱灾害时发生退化的趋势更加明显。     

滩地林业生态工程与钉螺孳生关系的研究

研究表明,草滩钉螺密度与淹水时间呈正相关,淹水时间与林木生长性能呈负相关．淹水期每增加１天,钉螺密度上升２２６９个·ｈｍ－２．滩地实施抑螺林业生态工程３年后钉螺密度下降８４％．     

Preliminary dendrochronological studies on Populus euphratica in the lower reaches of the Heihe River basin in northwest China

To date, preliminary dendrochronological studies of Euphrates poplar trees have not been reported, even though some dendrohydrological studies have been performed. Based on 11 sites in the Ejin Oasis, located in the lower reaches of the Heihe River basin in northwest China, our studies of Euphrates poplar trees concentrates on the characteristics of the tree-ring structure and the stem radial growth, which is the foundation of accurate crossdating and detrending. The results indicate that the Euphrates poplar trees studied have identifiable ring boundaries; the narrow rings and the same ring width variation pattern make the crossdating achievable. The local habitat, the stem radial growth trend of the poplar trees and the completeness of cores should be valued when selecting a detrending method. The complex ring width variation pattern of the poplar trees in the area suggest that comprehensive sampling and preliminary dendrochronological studies are required to gain insights into the spatiotemporal growth patterns of the poplar trees and their relationship with the changing water environment.     

长江上游峨眉冷杉林结构特征的研究

通过对长江上游贡嘎山不同演替阶段峨眉冷杉（Abies fabri）林的野外调查和对比分析,探讨了峨眉冷杉林的结构特征。结果表明,成熟峨眉冷杉林下有丰富的峨眉冷杉种源,小于20年的峨眉冷杉更新幼树幼苗数量少,但却为唯一的优势更新树种,在冬瓜杨、峨眉冷杉混交林中,冬瓜杨、桦木等树种在最初30年高生长非常迅速并能很快占据优势地位。峨眉冷杉是一耐荫性很强的树种,幼龄期生长缓慢,但将更替其它树种形成稳定群落。贡嘎山海拔2900－3400m地区大规模泥石流为100多年发生一次,在泥石流发生地,川滇柳、冬瓜杨、桦树等树种首先出现在迹地并占据优势,在自然条件下恢复峨眉冷杉林将需要较长时间,可通过人为干预措施加以促进和调控。     

杨,榆混交型林带生长调解试验研究

我国三北地区大面积农田防护林网主要为杨树林网,树种单一,容易造成病虫害蔓延。但由多树种组成的混交林网由于树种生长速度不同,造成树木群体生长参差不齐,而导致某些树木受压抑而不能正常生长甚至死亡,从而降低了林带的防护效益。为改变这一现状并建立起一整套混交...     

The Role of Balsam Poplar Secondary Chemicals in Controlling Soil Nutrient Dynamics through Succession in the Alaskan Taiga

The vegetation mosaic of the Alaskan taiga is produced by patterns of disturbance coupled to well-defined successional patterns. In primary succession on river floodplains, one of the critical transitions in succession is that from thinleaf alder (Alnus tenuifolia) to balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera). This is the shift from a N2-fixing shrub to a deciduous tree. Through this transition there are major changes in N cycling including a decrease in N2-fixation, mineralization, and nitrification. Most models of plant effects on soil processes assume that these changes are caused by shifts in litter quality and C/N ratio. This paper reviews several studies examining the effects of balsam poplar secondary chemicals on soil nutrient cycling. Balsam poplar tannins inhibited both N2-fixation in alder, and decomposition and N-mineralization in alder soils. Other poplar compounds, including low-molecular-weight phenolics, were microbial substrates and increased microbial growth and immobilization, thereby reducing net soil N availability. Thus, substantial changes in soil N cycling through succession appear to have been mediated by balsam poplar secondary chemicals.     

生活污水慢渗生态处理对土壤及杨树生长的影响

为了观测生活污水杨树林地处理对土壤和林木生长的影响,2008—2009年在郑州市龙湖镇,采用不同水力负荷(0、3、6、9、12、15cm/周),进行了污水慢渗生态处理试验。测定了污水处理期间杨树地上部分生长量,对表层(0—40cm)和下层(40—100cm)土壤理化性质进行了分析。选用土壤容重、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾作为土壤质量因子,运用土壤质量综合指标评价不同处理表层土壤质量,对下层土壤的理化性状的变化进行了研究。结果表明:在3—9cm/周水力负荷时,表层土壤质量综合指标值(QI值)和杨树地上部分生长量均随着水力负荷的增加而增加,在9cm/周水力负荷时达到最大;水力负荷大于9cm/周,QI值和杨树地上部分生长量随着水力负荷增加而降低。在水力负荷较低时,污水处理对下层土壤性状影响较小,水力负荷大于9cm/周,污水处理对下层土壤性状产生了不良影响。生活污水杨树林地处理比较适宜的水力负荷是6—9cm/周。     

How can Populus euphratica cope with extremely dry growth conditions at 2,800 m a.s.l. on the northern Tibetan Plateau?

Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica) is a key species of Tugai forests in the central Asian deserts and has been the topic of dendrochronological studies in west China since the 1980s. However, little is known about its growth performance at its highest occurrence in the southern Qaidam Basin of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Increment cores of the Euphrates poplar population there did well cross-date and thus showed a high dendrochronological potential. Its growth was persistently positively correlated with temperature from previous September to current August although not significant throughout. The annual precipitation of around 41 mm can not exert any significant effect on Euphrates poplar growth in view of the extremely high annual pan evaporation of 2,150 mm. Water in the nearby Tuolahai River is limited to the period from June–September. The positive correlation of tree growth with spring/early summer temperature indicates that the riparian Euphrates poplar trees may benefit from an increasing river runoff due to an advanced and accelerated snow and glacier melting under warmer conditions. An above-average autumn/early winter temperature in the preceding year may lead to an extended water flow in the river bed and hence to an increased tree growth in the next year. It is crucial to protect this invaluable natural forest from undue human activity.     

Effects of domestic wastewater slow infiltration on the growth of poplar 'Zhonglin 2001' plantation

A slow infiltration experiment with different hydraulic loads (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 cm per week) of domestic wastewater was conducted in a 'Zhonglin 2001' poplar plantation to study the effects of the wastewater slow infiltration on the growth of the plantation. Comparing with the control (0 cm), the other five treatments increased the soil organic matter, total N, total P, total K, and Na+ contents in the plantation averagely by 1.940 g x kg(-1), 0.115 g x kg(-1), 0.029 g x kg(-1), 1.454 g x kg(-1) and 0.030 g x kg(-1), respectively. At lower hydraulic loads (3-12 cm per week), the poplar biomass growth and the N, P and Na+ contents in different poplar organs averagely increased by 17.583 t x hm(-2) x a(-1), 3.086 g x kg(-1), 0.645 g x kg(-1), and 0.121 g x kg(-1), with the maximum (36.252 t x hm(-2) x a(-1), 13.162 g x kg(-1), 5.137 g x kg(-1), and 0.361 g x kg(-1), respectively) at hydraulic loads 6-12 cm per week. The further increase of the hydraulic load decreased the poplar biomass growth and the N, P and Na+ contents in different poplar organs. The K content in different poplar organs decreased with increasing hydraulic load. Treating with domestic wastewater increased the leaf length, decreased the leaf asymmetry, and delayed leaf-falling. At high hydraulic load (15 cm per week), the higher soil Na+ and water contents would threat the poplar growth. The proper domestic wastewater hydraulic loads for the growth of poplar 'Zhonglin 2001' plantation would be 3-12 cm per week.     

Association Analysis of the Growth of Black Poplar (<i>Populus Nigra</i> L.) Under Contrasting Nitrogen Levels

The European black poplar (Populus nigra L.) has been used as a germplasm resource for the breeding of new poplar varieties around the world. The identification and screening of its high nitrogen use efficiency genotypes could enable the breeding of new resource-efficient poplar varieties. The accessions were screened using MALDI-TOF MS genotyping technology for ammonium transporter (AMT) and nitrate transporters (NRT) genes against phenotypic data for seedling height and ground diameter traits, in both low and high nitrogen environments. Allele re-sequencing of seven genes related to root development was carried out using the minisequencing method. By cluster analysis, 101 accessions of black poplar were divided into 4 populations, and it was concluded that Central Europe is the origin of the evolution of low-nitrogen and highefficiency populations of European black poplar. Association study between SNP typing and seedling height and ground diameter traits showed that there were significant correlations between four SNP loci and growth traits under the contrasting N levels. We found that SNP3 and SNP4 in the PttAMT1;3 gene were significantly associated with seedling height traits, and that SNP2 and SNP7 in the PttAMT1;2 and PttAMT1;5 genes, respectively, were significantly associated with ground diameter traits. Thus, considerable allelic diversity is present within the candidate genes studied and can be utilized to develop functional markers to select for poplars with improved growth under N stress conditions.