濒危植物金花茶果实、种子形态分化

对濒危植物金花茶5个天然居群和1个人工居群的果实、种子形态进行了研究.结果表明:6个金花茶居群按果实、种子大小进行排序为:广西植物所(GXIB)＞那子山中海拔2(NZSH2)＞大王江(DWJ)＞庚毛山(GMSH)＞那子山高海拔3(NZSH3)＞那子山低海拔1(NZSHI);表型性状在居群内和居群间均存在一定程度的变异,不同形态性状在居群间变异系数的平均值从0.429(种子质量/果,SWPF)到0.069(果实整体形态,FT/FD),果实整体形态最为稳定,各居群形态性状变异系数的平均值从0.287(NZSH3)到0.155(GXIB)不等;在调查的15个性状中,果实直径、果实质量等3个性状在居群间的差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05),种长、种宽等7个性状在居群间的差异达极显著水平(P＜0.01),多数居群已产生较明显的形态分化;聚类分析结果表明,在居群水平上,形态分化并不与居群间的地理距离远近相关联.影响果实、种子表型性状变异的主导因子为海拔高度、土壤有机质、土壤含水量和乔木层透光率.     

缙云山草珊瑚(Sarcandra glabra)天然居群结实特征的变异性研究

对缙云山草珊瑚8个天然居群结实特征的20项表型性状的变异性进行了研究,结果表明:各表型性状在居群内与居群间都存在很大的变异性,其中种实产量、果序数和果序分枝的变异程度较高,而果实和种子的特征指数变异程度较低,同类性状果实的变异程度要大于种子;平均变异系数最大的性状是四分枝果序百分比(1.477),最小的是种子长宽比(0.041);变异程度最大的居群是居群6(0.564),最小的是居群4(0.292);各居群间除果序分枝总数差异不显著、果序数和二分枝果序百分比差异显著外,其它17项表型指标均达到极显著水平,表明缙云山草珊瑚各居群间已经发生了明显的形态分化;居群内和居群间变异分别占总变异的60.7%和39.3%,说明居群内变异是表型变异主要来源,但居群间变异也不容忽视;欧氏距离聚类将所有居群划归为两大类群,主要与居群的群落类型与干扰程度有关;表型性状的Pearson相关性聚类显示草珊瑚同类性状在表型分化过程中具有很强的相关性。     

余甘子天然居群果实形态变异研究

为了从数量性状上分析余甘子天然居群果实表型性状在居群间和居群内的变异,在云南省选取了6个余甘子天然居群,分别测量了其8个果实表型性状并作比较分析。结果显示:(1)余甘子果实表型性状在居群间和居群内存在着较丰富的变异,8个果实性状在居群间的F值为20.17～35.21,部分差异达到显著水平;居群内的F值为1.27～3.07,差异均达到极显著水平。(2)余甘子居群内的平均表型变异接近90%,是余甘子果实表型遗传变异的主要来源。(3)余甘子表型性状的变化与生态和地理因子显著相关;主成分分析结果显示,单果重、果实横径、外果皮重、果核宽、果核重等5个表型性状指标是反映滇西北余甘子果实表型差异的主要因素。     

云南金钱槭果实、种子形态分化研究

对5个云南金钱槭(Dipteronia dyeriana Henry)天然居群的果实、种子形态进行研究.测量了果实和种子的长度、宽度、重量等12个表型性状指标.数据统计结果显示5个云南金钱槭居群按果实、种子大小进行排序为蒙自(MZ)>屏边(PB)>文山1(WSh1)>文山3(WSh3)>文山2(WSh2).表型性状在居群内和居群间均存在着一定程度的变异,其中居群间变异系数的平均值从0.064(果实整体形态,PL/PB)到0.197(种子重量,SW),相比之下果实整体形态最为稳定.居群间形态总体差异显著性配对t检验结果说明,多数居群间已产生较明显的形态分化.Ward聚类和相关分析结果都表明表型性状与生态因子、海拔高度之间存在着一定程度的相关性,多种生态因子的共同作用是导致果实、种子形态特征产生差异的主要原因.     

不同居群山桐子果实表型性状变异及与环境因子的关系

以国内14个山桐子居群为研究对象,采用方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析等方法,探究山桐子果实表型性状变异及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：(1)山桐子的9个果实表型性状在居群间和居群内均有广泛变异,居群间各表型性状的变异系数为6.47%—32.51%,居群内各表型性状的变异系数为4.69%—35.21%。单串果穗重和单串果实重的变异系数较大,单果横径、单果纵径及单果重的变异系数均较小。河南农业大学林木种苗繁育工程技术中心居群表型变异最丰富,四川省方山村居群最小。山桐子果穗表型性状与果实产量性状呈显著正相关,通过聚类分析可将山桐子14个居群分为4个类群,类群Ⅳ中山桐子果实表型性状最为优良,果穗大、单果重,表现出突出的育种优势。(2)山桐子14个居群地土壤pH在5.36—8.49范围内,多数居群土壤为酸性,土壤有效氮、有效磷、有效钾含量低。(3)环境因子中全氮对山桐子果实表型性状影响较大,土壤pH、有效磷含量与果实表型性状存在显著相关性。山桐子果实表型性状存在丰富变异,果穗外形对其产量有着显著影响;土壤pH及有效磷含量是影响山桐子果实表型性状的主要土壤养分因子,在生产中或可通过调节...     

青藏高原东缘西藏沙棘(Hippophae tibetana)果实性状变异

西藏沙棘是沙棘属(Hippophae L.)中分布于青藏高原和喜马拉雅高海拔地区的特有类群之一,其果实大小、形状、颜色以及条纹长等性状表现出了高度的多样性。对分布于青藏高原东缘西藏沙棘7个天然居群的果长、果宽、果形系数(果长/果宽)、果柄长、纹长等果实性状变异进行了统计分析,探讨了其果实变异水平及地理变异式样。结果表明,西藏沙棘5个果实性状在居群间和居群内均存在着极显著差异(p0.01)(除纹长在居群间存在着显著差异(p0.05)),居群间变异系数(CV)在11.19%~45.03%之间,果柄长的变异幅度最大(CV为45.03%),其次为纹长(CV为31.97%),变异幅度最小的是果宽(CV为11.19%);表型分化系数(Vst)在0.213 3~0.629 9之间,平均值为0.489 5,居群间和居群内变异约各占果实变异的一半。相关性分析显示,除果长与果柄、果宽与纹长外,其它各性状间均表现出极显著相关(p0.01),除果长与海拔、果宽与经纬度外,其它各性状与地理因子之间均达到极显著相关(p0.01),呈现出地理梯度变异,聚类分析表明7个居群按照地理距离远近聚类。     

贵州核桃种质资源表型性状多样性研究

该研究以贵州省内的3个山脉(乌蒙山、苗岭山和武陵山)、19个核桃和泡核桃实生居群、245棵实生单株为研究材料,对坚果表型性状29个指标的多样性、相关性、聚类及变异进行分析,以揭示贵州核桃资源的表型遗传多样性水平,为贵州核桃资源的保存与利用及核心种质构建提供依据。结果显示：(1)核桃和泡核桃实生居群245份种质资源的18个表型质量性状Simpson指数为0.26～0.82,Shannon-Wiener指数为0.12～1.79;核桃小叶形状多样,易发生顶叶退化,坚果核壳表面特征、坚果形状及核仁皮色多样性丰富。(2)坚果表型变异系数为3.32%～47.67%,平均为21.28%且差异显著(P<0.05),居群间变异系数为9.42%～31.61%且差异显著(P<0.05);居群内和居群间变异均是核桃表型多样性的来源,但坚果性状在居群间差异显著性均高于居群内,说明居群间变异是该区域坚果表型变异的主要来源。(3)3个山脉区域核桃表型均有不同程度变异,其中,苗岭山核桃表型变异程度低,乌蒙山核桃表型变异程度高;UPGMA聚类结果显示,19个核桃实生居群依据贵州山脉区域划分为三类,表明贵州核...     

太白杜鹃天然居群的表型多样性

为揭示太白杜鹃(Rhododendron purdomii)天然居群的表型变异程度、变异规律,以秦岭山区的7个天然居群为研究对象,对其花序和叶片的10个数量性状和8个质量性状进行方差分析、相关分析与聚类分析,探讨居群间与居群内表型多样性的变异特点。结果显示:(1)在太白杜鹃的质量性状中,花色与花瓣内斑在居群间与居群内均存在丰富变异,花朵香味、花序形状、花冠形状、花梗颜色、叶片形状和株型等仅在居群间存在明显变异,在居群内则趋于一致性;其数量性状在居群间与居群内也存在广泛变异,10个数量性状在居群间和居群内平均值差异全部达显著水平;在7个居群内数量性状的变异系数为0～55.3%,其中花梗长、花丝长、花瓣宽与叶柄长变异较大,花朵数变异较小。(2)相关性分析表明,太白杜鹃花瓣长和花瓣宽分别与经度存在极显著与显著负相关关系,叶片长、叶片宽和叶片长宽比与海拔均存在显著负相关关系,而其它性状与地理因子的关系密切。(3)聚类分析显示,太白杜鹃的7个天然居群可以初步分为两大类,但性状的表型特征并没有依地理距离而聚类。研究表明,太白杜鹃天然居群的表型性状在居群内与居群间均存在丰富的变异,而且其与居群特点、分布生境等关系密切。     

云南滇龙胆居群表型多样性及其与环境关系研究

为揭示滇龙胆天然居群表型变异程度和变异规律,以云南省5个区域天然分布的20个野生居群400个单株20个表型性状指标为调查研究对象,并用变异系数、Shannon-Weiner多样性指数和巢式方差分析对滇龙胆居群间和居群内的表型变异进行分析,用相关性分析对滇龙胆表型性状与地理气象因子间的变异格局进行分析,用类平均聚类法对20个滇龙胆居群进行分类.结果表明:5个区域的滇龙胆以楚雄地区变异最大,变异系数为39.8%,变异最小的是昆明地区,为31.4%;不同居群的20个表型性状变异程度差异明显,变异系数在14.4%～91.8%之间,平均为40.4%,20个居群的平均变异为26.8%～37.0%;滇龙胆地理居群的表型分化较高,20个性状居群间的分化系数平均为73.14%,变化范围为36.03%～91.94%,居群间变异高于居群内;滇龙胆20个表型性状的总的多样性指数平均为2.547,5个不同分布区域多样性指数存在差异,最大为楚雄(1.271 4),最小为玉溪(1.266 7);表型性状变异受经度和降雨量影响较大,与纬度、海拔和温度相关性不显著;通过UPGMA聚类,滇龙胆被分成3个组,性状的表型特征并没有依地理距离而聚类....     

云南泸定百合遗传多样性的表型与ISSR分析

用表型变异分析并结合ISSR分子标记对云南境内10个泸定百合(Lilium sargenttiae)居群进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示:(1)云南10个泸定百合居群的7个表型性状的居群间F值在3.26～19.1之间,表型的居群间差异均达到显著或极显著水平;平均表型分化系数为71.22%,居群间变异(59.92%)大于居群内变异(23.42%),说明居群间表型变异是泸定百合居群变异的主要来源。(2)13个ISSR引物共检测到248个多态位点,物种水平上多态位点率98.80%,Nei’s多样性指数和Shannon多样性指数分别为0.265 5和0.413 1;居群内基因多样度(Hs)为0.175 7,居群间基因分化系数(Gst)0.336 7,Mantel检验显示泸定百合居群在地理距离和遗传距离间具有显著相关性(r=0.804 4,P=0.009 9)。研究表明,云南泸定百合的居群间表型和分子水平均具有较高的遗传多样性,居群间的遗传分化较大,并且分化趋势具有明显的地域性。因此,可选择迁地种植对泸定百合进行有效保护。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.