红花桑寄生叶提取物的抗氧化活性及酚类物质分析

采用DPPH法、TEAC法、FRAP法对红花桑寄生叶不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性进行体外评价,并测定其总酚、总黄酮含量。结果表明,溶剂种类对红花桑寄生叶提取物的得率、总酚、总黄酮及抗氧化活性影响显著。在3种评价方法中,不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性均表现出不同程度的量效依赖关系。3种溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性强弱依次为丙酮提取物 >甲醇提取物 >水提取物,其中80%丙酮提取物(总酚含量最高,达276.83mg/g)抗氧化活性最强,清除DPPH自由基能力EC₅₀值为0.247,FRAP值(FeSO₄ mmol/100g)为115.81,浓度为1.0mg/ml时,TEAC值为2.04。     

蝉蜕活性成分的提取及其抑菌活性的研究

本文报道了对传统中药蝉蜕抑菌活性成分提取与抑菌活性研究结果。对4种提取方法和7种提取溶剂的提取效果进行了平行比较研究,研究结果显示,以体积分数95%乙醇作为提取溶剂,4种提取方法中,以超声波法提取时的浸膏得率最高。采用超声波提取法时,在7种提取溶剂中,以95%乙醇提取浸膏的得率最高。抑菌试验结果表明,不同方法获得提取物与对照组相比对Escheridia coli均有明显的抑菌作用(P≤0.05),但不同提取方法得到的提取物之间,并无显著的抑菌活性差异。其中采用超声波提取法,以95%乙醇为提取溶剂时,所得提取物的抑菌活性最高,对E.coli的最小抑菌浓度为0.078 mg/mL。该研究结果是蝉蜕抑菌成分的首次报道。     

烟草提取物对十一种植物病原真菌的抑制作用

采用菌丝生长速率法研究烟叶95%乙醇提取物和正己烷提取物对苹果腐烂病菌等11种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,并通过液相色谱及气质联用色谱对烟叶提取物中多酚类、黄酮类、萜烯类等抑菌活性成分进行测定。实验结果表明,0.5 g/m L(工作浓度5 mg/m L)的两种溶剂提取物对11种病原真菌的菌丝生长均有抑制作用,其中对苹果腐烂病菌(V.mali)的抑制作用最强,且同浓度的正己烷提取物的抑菌活性优于95%乙醇提取物。根据不同材料提取物及几种纯物质溶液的抑菌特点,推测西柏三烯二醇可能是烟叶提取物中主要的抑菌活性物质。     

黑刺菝葜根提取物的抑菌活性研究

以常见6种细菌和5种真菌为供试菌。采用滤纸片水平扩散法。对黑刺菝葜根的4种溶剂提取物和剩余水相大孔吸附树脂5种乙醇梯度洗脱物共9种提取物进行了室内抗菌生物活性测试,并对其主要的化学成分-常规的抗菌活性物质黄酮和甾体皂苷类化合物进行了定量测定。结果表明：黑刺菝葜根剩余水相大孔吸附树脂100％乙醇的洗脱物表现出极强的广谱性抗菌活性,80％乙醇的洗脱物对绿木霉、大肠杆菌显示出极强抑菌力;黑刺菝葜根的石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物均对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌显示较强的抗性;根的石油醚提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌等有较强的抑制作用;根中所含的常规抑菌活性成分黄酮的含量为2．83％;甾体皂苷元的含量为4．55％。     

橄榄果渣乙醇提取物成分分析及抗氧化和抑菌性能研究

橄榄果渣中生物活性成分丰富。本文主要研究橄榄果渣提取物成分及其对灰葡萄孢的抑菌性能。首先以橄榄果渣为原料,采用加热回流法,分别以H₂O、50%乙醇、70%乙醇和90%乙醇为提取剂,得到四种提取物并采用HPLC和GC-MS对提取物进行成分分析。其次测定了提取物的总酚含量、抗氧化性和对灰葡萄孢的抑菌性能。研究表明,90%乙醇提取物的酚类含量较高,抗氧化水平优良,并且对灰葡萄孢有明显的抑制作用。该研究为橄榄果渣活性成分在抑菌性能方面的研究提供了一定的理论依据。     

棘托竹荪菌托抑菌物质提取、分离及活性组分北大核心CSCD

以棘托竹荪(Dictyophora echinovolvata)菌托为研究对象,提纯菌托提取物有效抑菌天然产物,分析其抑菌活性组成。选择最佳提取溶剂及指示菌,采用色谱层析法分离纯化,GC-MS检测分析活性组分。结果表明:乙酸乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、标准摩根氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌均有较好的抑制效果;以金色葡萄球菌为指示菌,乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌作用对温度、紫外线均有较好的稳定性;对提取物进行分离,获得2个有抑菌活性组分DEVⅠ、DEVⅡ,采用GC-MS分析DEVⅠ、DEVⅡ中的化学组分,DEVⅠ中相对含量1%以上的成分有20个;DEVⅡ中相对含量在1%以上成分6个,其中具有抑菌活性的成分为2-呋喃甲酸和肉桂酸,相对含量分别为25.6%和54.2%,推测可能为棘托竹荪菌托抑菌物质的主要组成成分。     

棘托竹荪菌托抑菌物质提取、分离及活性组分

以棘托竹荪(Dictyophora echinovolvata)菌托为研究对象,提纯菌托提取物有效抑菌天然产物,分析其抑菌活性组成。选择最佳提取溶剂及指示菌,采用色谱层析法分离纯化,GC-MS检测分析活性组分。结果表明:乙酸乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、标准摩根氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌均有较好的抑制效果;以金色葡萄球菌为指示菌,乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌作用对温度、紫外线均有较好的稳定性;对提取物进行分离,获得2个有抑菌活性组分DEVⅠ、DEVⅡ,采用GC-MS分析DEVⅠ、DEVⅡ中的化学组分,DEVⅠ中相对含量1%以上的成分有20个;DEVⅡ中相对含量在1%以上成分6个,其中具有抑菌活性的成分为2-呋喃甲酸和肉桂酸,相对含量分别为25.6%和54.2%,推测可能为棘托竹荪菌托抑菌物质的主要组成成分。     

六种中草药提取物对两株口腔致病菌的体外抗菌活性

采用二倍稀释法,以中草药提取物中的总黄酮、总有机酸和总皂苷等主要活性成分为定量标准,测定艾叶、侧柏叶、金银花、蒲黄、三七、仙鹤草提取物对变异链球菌和牙龈卟啉单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)与最低杀菌浓度(MBC);并用大孔吸附树脂进行富集和除杂,探讨其可能的抗菌成分。结果发现金银花提取物对两株菌具有较好的抗菌效果,且总黄酮和有机酸是其主要的抗菌成分;三七提取物纯化后总皂苷浓度增大了1.7倍,对牙龈卟啉单胞菌由无抑菌变成抑菌作用;其它4种草药提取物纯化前后抗菌效果无明显改变。因此金银花总黄酮和总有机酸可认为是其主要的抗菌成分;三七总皂苷很有可能是抑制牙龈卟啉单胞菌生长的物质。     

柑桔提取物中主要成分的杀螨活性评价

【目的】研究柑桔提取物中主要杀螨活性成分,为柑桔提取物作为杀螨剂的使用奠定基础。【方法】采用乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、石油醚4种溶剂对北碚447的果皮与种子进行平行提取,对4种提取物进行杀螨活性评价。对北碚447的果皮乙醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物进行GC-MS分析,就其中主要成分进行杀螨活性评价,确定主要杀螨活性成分。【结果】发现柑桔乙醇提取物的杀螨活性最高;果皮提取物的杀螨活性高于种子;果皮和种子乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物通过GC-MS分析共鉴定出35种成分,其中柠檬烯含量最高,和柠檬醛、4-松油醇、芳樟醇占提取物含量的85%以上;柠檬烯杀螨活性高于柠檬醛、松油醇、芳樟醇、?-蒎烯。【结论】柑桔提取物中主要的杀螨成分是柠檬烯、柠檬醛、4-松油醇、芳樟醇、?-蒎烯,以这些物质为主要有效成分的柑桔提取物类杀螨剂的研发具有重大意义。     

绒毛白蜡果实提取物的抑菌作用研究

采用管碟法研究了绒毛白蜡果实的水、50%乙醇和无水乙醇提取物对7种常见细菌菌株的抑制活性,并采用Sephadex G-15凝胶过滤层析、结合抑菌活性检测,对绒毛白蜡果实的抑菌活性物质进行了初步分离.结果表明,绒毛白蜡果实的水提物具有广谱的抗细菌作用,其对7种供试菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)范围为50～100 mg*mL-1;化学成分系统预试表明,绒毛白蜡果实的活性成分可能为有机酸、酚类、糖、苷类和香豆素类等.     

三种百合鳞茎提取物的抑菌作用

采用纸片琼脂扩散法测定了宜昌百合、岷江百合及兰州百合鳞茎甲醇提取物对革兰氏阳性细菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)和革兰氏阴性细菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌)的抑制活性,并对3种百合鳞茎提取物的含量与抑菌活性进行了剂量-效应关系分析。结果表明:3种百合鳞茎提取物对4种细菌均具有抑制活性,对革兰氏阳性细菌的抑菌活性高于对革兰氏阴性细菌的抑菌活性,且宜昌百合和岷江百合两种野生百合鳞茎提取物的抑菌活性均高于普通食用的兰州百合;3种百合鳞茎提取物的含量与抑菌活性之间存在明显的剂量-效应关系,即随着提取物含量的升高,抑菌活性明显升高。     

益智的抗氧化作用

本文探讨了益智(Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel)超临界CO2提取物及其渣的水提物、正丙醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化作用,测定了总酚含量、黄酮含量、抗氧化力、还原能力、DPPH清除率.结果表明,益智超临界CO2提取物和正丙醇提取物的总酚含量最高,均为5.53%,乙酸乙酯提取物的总酚含量为4.04%,水提物总酚含量最低,为O.89%.抗氧化力与酚含量相关(R2=0.703).四种提取物中黄酮含量顺序为:乙酸乙酯提取物(6.29%)＞丙醇提取物(5.81%)＞水提取物(4.85%)＞超临界CO2提取物(4.70%).在还原能力、清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基方面,乙酸乙酯提取物表现出了很强的抗氧化能力,呈现剂量依赖关系.     

Assessment of Antibacterial Activity of Colebrookia oppositifolia against Waterborne Pathogens Isolated from Drinking Water of the Pothwar Region in Pakistan

An attempt was made to control waterborne pathogens by using medicinal plant extracts. One hundred and twenty-six water samples from filtration plants, tube wells, and water supplies were collected and analyzed for total and faecal Coliform bacteria as well as for total viable count. Results showed that waterborne pathogens were numerous and significantly higher than the World Health Organization's recommended guidelines. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of different parts of Colebrookia oppositifolia (Labiateae) were examined for antibacterial activities in vitro by an agar diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of leaves, shoots, and roots of Colebrookia oppositifolia was assessed against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria that were isolated and identified from water samples by the API 20E method. Extract of roots showed more antibacterial activities against Staph. aureus and B. cereus var. mycoides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Shigella flexneri at 37°C, than extracts from leaves and shoots. The lowest MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) were observed in roots as compared to shoots and leaves. These results suggest that there is an urgent need for improvement in existing water quality treatment. Secondly, the fruit extract can be practical for protection and to avoid risk of contamination by waterborne pathogens and to promote indigenous solutions for disease-control and environmental management.     

猴头菌子实体和固体培养菌丝体提取物化学组成及生物活性的比较

比较了猴头菌子实体和固体培养菌丝体的提取物化学成分的组成和含量的差异。研究结果表明,猴头菌子实体和培养菌丝体提取物的单糖含量分别为6.67%和6.68%,基本一致;蛋白质含量分别为12.73%和13.91%,比较接近;多糖的含量相差较大,分别为26.63%和18.71%,子实体提取物的多糖含量比培养菌丝体提取物高7.92%;而培养菌丝体中重金属的含量比子实体中的高;红外光谱分析子实体提取物的特征吸收峰显示二者在多糖构型上有差异;动物实验表明在等生药量时,猴头菌子实体提取物对大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用优于培养菌丝体的提取物。研究结果表明,猴头菌子实体较培养菌丝体更合适于相应功能食品的开发。     

Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of Gentiana kurroo royle

In this study our objective was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of leaves and roots of Gentiana kurroo. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were examined using different biochemical assays namely diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and ferric reducing power (FRAP). In all the assays, root extract exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than that of leaves. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was also evaluated and MIC values were calculated by broth dilution method. Although, the extracts prevented the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, the MIC values of methanolic extract of the leaves were higher than those of the root extract. The antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the extracts was found to be positively associated with the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extracts.     

Evaluation of the medicinal potentials of the methanol extracts of the leaves and stems of Halleria lucida

The medicinal potentials of the methanol extracts of the leaves and stems of Halleria lucida (Scrophulariaceae) were evaluated by assessing their antibacterial and antioxidant properties in vitro using standard procedures. The antioxidant activities of methanol extract of the leaves as determined by the ABTS, DPPH, proanthocyanidins and total flavonoids were higher than that of the stem. On the other hand, the total phenols, the flavonoids and the FRAP contents of the stem were higher than that of the leaves. The extracts however showed poor activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The methanol extract of the stem showed activities against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at MIC of 1.0 mg/ml. The methanol extract of the leaves did not show activity against any of the organisms used in this study. This study has to some extent validated the medicinal potential of the leaves and stems of H. lucida.     

In vitro evaluation of Datura innoxia (thorn-apple) for potential antibacterial activity

Various parts of Datura innoxia were examined for potential antibacterial activity by preparing their crude aqueous and organic extracts against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus). The results of agar well diffusion assay indicated that the pattern of inhibition depends largely upon the plant part, solvent used for extraction and the organism tested. Extracts prepared from leaves were shown to have better efficacy than stem and root extracts. Organic extracts provided potent antibacterial activity as compared to aqueous extracts. Among all the extracts, methanolic extract was found most active against almost all the bacterial species tested. Gram-positive bacteria were found most sensitive as compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was signifi cantly inhibited by almost all the extracts even at very low MIC followed by other Gram-positives. For Escherichia coli (a Gram-negative bacterium), the end point was not reached for ethyl acetate extract while it was very high for other extracts. The study promises an interesting future for designing a potentially active antibacterial agent from Datura innoxia.     

土茯苓提取物抗细菌活性的研究

通过测定土茯苓提取物对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌活性,来更全面的评价和综合利用土茯苓资源,实验结果表明土苓955乙醇和乙酸乙酯的提取物抑菌范围广,服抑菌活性强,这两种提取物的MIC和MBC值显示了土茯苓作为抗细菌资源的可利用价值。     

Assessment of Antibacterial Activity of Solanum surrattense Against Waterborne Pathogens Isolated from Surface Drinking Water of the Potohar Region in Pakistan

People dwelling in different cities of the Potohar region, Pakistan, are mostly dependent on surface water for drinking and domestic use. In an attempt to make available potable, safe water, filtration plants were constructed along with dams in the Potohar region. Water samples from these filtration plants were collected and analyzed for total and faecal coliform bacteria as well as for total viable count. Results showed that bacterial indicators of faecal contamination were numerous and significantly greater than World Health Organization recommended guidelines. Accordingly, antibacterial activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of different parts of Solanum surrattense were assessed in vitro against waterborne pathogens. Fruits exhibited more antibacterial activities at incubation at 37°C than shoots and roots, which showed lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and zones of inhibition. These results suggest that plants offer a great potential for purification of drinking water that needs to be explored further because fruit extract of the aforementioned plant can be of practical use against waterborne pathogens.