竹叶椒抑制血小板活化因子（PAF）的活性成分

自芸香科花椒属植物竹叶椒（Zanthoxglum planispinum Sieb.et Zucc）根和茎的石油醚及二氯甲烷提取物中分离得到5个化合物（I～V）,经物理常数测定,光谱（UV,IR,HNMR,MS）分析分别鉴定,Ⅰ为β-香木脂醇,Ⅱ为β-谷甾醇,Ⅲ为L-细辛脂素,Ⅳ为L-竹叶椒脂素,V为花椒明碱。其中Ⅲ,IV,V具有抑制PAF聚集的活性,以Ⅳ活性最强,Ⅲ次之,V较弱。花椒明碱首次从该植物中分离得到。     

少叶黄杞茎皮的脂溶性成分

从胡桃科((Juglandaceae)植物少叶黄杞(Engelhardtia fenzelii Merr.)茎皮的乙醚提取液中分离到3个脂溶性化合物,经光谱数据分析分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇[I〕(β-sitosterol)、3-表白桦脂酸〔Ⅱ〕(3-ePi-betulinic acid)和3-表白桦脂酸乙酸酯[Ⅲ〕(3-epi-betulinic acid acetate),均为首次从该属植物中获得,其中[Ⅲ)为一新的天然产物。     

药用植物灯笼草的化学成分研究

从药用植物灯笼草(Clinopvdium polycephalum)中分离鉴定了5个化合物。其中主要成分为乌索酸(ursolic acid,Ⅰ),其余4个分别鉴定为:异樱花素(isosakuranetin.Ⅱ),香蜂草甙(didymin,Ⅲ),6'-十六碳酸酯基-α-菠甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(6’-Palmityl-α-spinasteryl-3-O-β-D-glucoside,Ⅳ a)和十八碳酸酯基-α-波甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(6’-stearyl-α-spinasteryl-3-O-β-D-glucoside,Ⅳ b)。上述化合物在该植物中均为首次报道。     

水竹叶蜕皮激素水龙骨素B的分离鉴定

我们曾先后报道了从水竹叶(Murdannia triquetra(Wall)Brückn)中分离并鉴定了β-蜕皮激素(β-ecdysone)(化合物Ⅰ),α-去氧-β-蜕皮激素(α-deoxy-β-ecdysone)(化合物Ⅱ),揭示了水竹叶属植物中蜕皮激素的新存在。近来我们又从水竹叶中分离出一个微量成份(化合物Ⅲ)。由~(13)C 核磁共振和~1H 核磁共振、红外光谱、质谱和气相色谱等分析,表明化合物Ⅲ比β-蜕皮激素在甾体母核部分多一个以羟基形式存在的氧原子,该羟基应以β-构型连接在 C_5位上。从而说明化合物Ⅲ为5β-羟基-β-蜕皮激素     

叉子圆柏中的抗肿瘤化学成分

从叉子圆柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)的树皮中分得12种成分,根据其理化性质、化学反应及光谱分析,其中11种成分鉴定为反式璎珞柏酸(Ⅰ),顺式璎珞柏酸(Ⅱ),山达海松酸(Ⅲ),异柏油酸(Ⅳ)、柳杉酚(Ⅴ)、12-羟基-6,7-断松香烷8,11,13三烯6,7二醛(Ⅵ),β-足叶草素 A 早醚(Ⅶ),佛手内酯(Ⅷ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅹ),二十四烷酸(Ⅺ)和蜡酸(Ⅻ),另一种是新的3,4苯并香豆素类化合物,命名为圆柏内酯(sabilactone,Ⅸ),Ⅳ-Ⅹ为首次从该植物中分得。生物试验表明Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ具有细胞毒作用。     

驼绒藜化学成分研究

从驼绒藜(Ceratoides latens)乙醇提取物中分离得到9个化合物,经波谱分析将它们分别鉴定为香草酸(vanilic acid)(1),乙酰香子兰酮(acetovanillon)(2),三达右松脂-15-烯-8β,12β-二醇(sandaracopimar-15-en-8β,12β-diol)(3),5,7,3’,4’-四甲基槲皮素(5,7,3’,4’-tetramethyl quercitin)(4),小麦黄酮(tricin)(5),丁香亭3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(syringetin-3-O-β-D-glycopyranoside)(6),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)(7),胡萝卜苷(daucosterol)(8)和豆甾醇(stigmasterol)(9)。这些化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

胶粘香茶菜的化学成分

胶粘香茶菜(I.glutinosa C.Y.Wu et H.W.Li),为唇形科(Labiatae)香茶菜属(Isodon)植物,产于云南西北部及四川西南部,海拔2000-2300m的河谷两岸山坡砾石地或干燥灌丛中。从云南丽江产胶粘香茶菜中,已分离和鉴定了2种不同结构类型的二萜成分,为进一步比较不同地区产该种植物在化学成分上的差异,我们对大理苍山产胶粘香茶菜进行了研究。由2316g茎叶得149g提取物,然后经硅胶柱层析,依次用氯仿、氯仿-乙酸乙脂(8:2→4:6),乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱,除分离和鉴定了β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),胡萝卜甙(β-sitosterol-D-glucoside),乌苏酸(ursolic acid),山植酸(crataegolic acid)和丁二酸(butanedioic acid)外,还得到迄今从香茶菜属植物中分离得到的氧化程度最低的一个对映-贝壳杉烯型四环二萜类化合物:对映-贝壳杉烷-16β,17-二醇(ent—Kauran-16β,17-diol)(1)(2.8g)和具有抑制革兰氏阳性菌生长活性的松香烷(abitane)型二萜pisiferic acid(2)(1.2g)。pisiferic acid(2)系首次从该属植物中得到。     

红叶藤化学成分的研究

从红叶藤[Rourea microphylla(Hook.et Arn)Plan ch.]茎叶中分得11种化合物,经理化常数测定、光谱分析及化学方法鉴定为槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖甙(Ⅰ)、金丝桃甙(Ⅱ),槲皮素(Ⅲ)、落新妇甙(Ⅳ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅴ)、β-谷甾醇-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅵ)、大黄素甲醚(ⅦI)、红灰青素(Ⅷ)、硬脂酸(Ⅸ)、软脂酸(Ⅹ)和正九烷(Ⅺ)。其中化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ和Ⅺ为首次。从红叶藤属植物中分得。     

岭南山竹子叶化学成分研究

采用色谱技术分离岭南山竹子叶的化学成分,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。从岭南山竹子叶提取物中分离了11个化合物,鉴定为异植物醇(Ⅰ),α-Tocospiro B(Ⅱ),正十一烷(Ⅲ),棕榈酸(Ⅳ),(+)-(3R)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-4-butyrolactone(Ⅴ),苯甲酸(Ⅵ),3,4-Dihydroxy-acetophenone(Ⅶ),反式对羟基桂皮酸(Ⅷ),3-甲氧基-4-羟基-苯甲酸(Ⅸ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅹ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅺ)。以上化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

水翁花蕾化学成分的研究

从水翁花[Cleistocalyx operculatus(Roxb.)Merr.et Perry]蕾中分离出9个化合物,其中8个化合物,经理化常数分析及测定光谱(UV、IR、NMR、MS)鉴定为2,4-dihydroxy-6’-methoxy-3’,5’-dimethylchalcone(Ⅲ),5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethylflavanone(Ⅳ),7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6,8-dimethylflavanone(Ⅴ),没食子酸乙酯(ethyl gallate)(Ⅰ),没食子酸(gallic acid)(Ⅱ),乌搔酸(ursolic acid)(Ⅵ),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)(Ⅷ),桂皮酸(cinnamic acid)(Ⅶ),另一个化合物尚在鉴定中。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.