细胞因子信号转导的负性调节因子SOCS—1的研究进展

SOCS是新近发现的一类与细胞因子JAK-STAT信号转导途径有关的负性调节因子。目前SOCS家族的成员已达16个之多,该因子能抑制IL-6、IFNγ、IL-2、GH等细胞因子的多种信号转导途径,不仅对JAK-STAT信号途径有负性调控作用,而且还参与其它信号途径的调节,其功能涉及正常组织的分化和器官的发育,因此已为学术界所关注。SOCS-1为该家族中含SH2结构域的SOCS成员之一,本文着重对其分子的结构、负性调节机制及其生物学功能作一综述。     

鲤鱼SOCS-4基因克隆、鉴定及表达模式分析

细胞因子是调节机体免疫和神经内分泌功能的生物活性物质,其信号的激发、放大和持续在时间和空间上都受到严格调控。细胞因子信号传导抑制因子(Suppressorof cytokine signaling,SOCS)是细胞因子信号通路的负调节因子,通过负反馈抑制细胞因子的信号传递,防止过度的信号反应干扰机体代谢平衡和细胞功能。在哺乳动物中,SOCS系统对生长激素(GH)、表皮生长因子     

信号传导的负性调节因子家族SOCS

细胞因子和相应受体结合,引发细胞内信号分子级联反应,而SOCS蛋白负性调节细胞因子的JAK-STATs信号传导途径,且SOCS蛋白作用的直接靶点不同。另一方面STATs可以和SOCS基因的调控序列结合,调节SOCS基因的表达,小鼠SOCS基因敲除实验显示,该信号负反馈途径有助于调节细胞适度应答,结构上,SOCS中间为SH2结构域。C-末端是保守的SOCS盒,因N-末端差异较大而将SOCS家族分为5组。     

SOCS3在病理性疼痛中的作用

细胞因子信号传导抑制因子3(SOCS3)是细胞因子信号传导抑制因子蛋白质家族(SOCS)的一员。SOCS3是一种重要的细胞内蛋白质,在体内负调控细胞因子介导的信号通路,参与机体免疫、生长、造血、新陈代谢及肿瘤增殖等各种关键过程。近年的研究发现,SOCS3参与疼痛的调控,在神经病理性疼痛、炎性疼痛等多种类型疼痛及吗啡耐受中发生表达的变化。在坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤(CCI)模型中,磷酸二聚化的STAT3转移到细胞核内诱导脊髓背角SOCS3表达增加,在完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)炎性疼痛大鼠中,下丘脑室旁核(PVN)内SOCS3在急性期蛋白质表达水平增加、其慢性期表达下降,在骨癌疼痛大鼠腰2～5背根神经节(DRG)中SOCS3蛋白质水平显著下降。鞘内注射SOCS3慢病毒载体、阿司匹林触发的脂蛋白A4(ATL)和芍药苷,或通过抑制非编码RNA表达降低非编码RNA对SOCS3的抑制作用,能够增加SOCS3表达发挥镇痛作用。SOCS3通过抑制Janus激酶/信号转导子和转录激活子3(JAK/STAT3)信号通路及下游基因的表达,阻碍白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)等多种炎...     

生长激素信号通路的重要调控因子-SOCS-2

生长激素(growth hormone,GH)由垂体前叶分泌,经循环系统运输到靶组织,调控机体发育及多种物质代谢.细胞因子信号传送阻抑物-2(suppressor of cytokine signaling-2,SOCS-2)是SOCS家族中一员,在调控GH信号通路中发挥着极其重要作用.GH能诱导SOCS-2表达,而诱导产生的SOCS-2又能反馈调节GH信号通路,但其调节机理还不清楚.     

SOCS1基因修饰树突状细胞在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

树突状细胞是功能最强的抗原提呈细胞,是启动、调节及维持免疫应答的核心环节,以树突状细胞为基础的肿瘤疫苗被认为是最具潜能的肿瘤免疫治疗手段。细胞因子信号通路抑制因子1（suppressor ofcytokine signaling1,SOCS1）是细胞因子信号通路抑制因子（suppressor of cytokine signaling,SOCS）家族的重要成员,广泛参与树突状细胞的发生、成熟和活化,具有负调控树突状细胞功能的重要作用。SOCS1沉默的树突状细胞能够促进自身成熟并增强其诱导的T细胞的抗肿瘤活性。现就国内外关于树突状细胞功能研究及基因修饰的肿瘤疫苗临床试验作一综述,以期对未来的研究有所帮助。     

Stat5及JAK-Stat5通路

信号转导与转录因子（Stats）家族是一个由7个成员组成的转录调控家族,其中Stat5由于在多种细胞因子刺激时均可起到重要作用而引起了广泛的关注。Stat5具有两种不同类型,即Stat5a和Stat5b,它们均可被多种细胞因子所激活,启动JAK-Stat5信号通路,从而调节相应基因的表达。在两种Stat5的激活中,特殊位点的丝氨酸和酪氨酸的磷酸化对Stat5的激活起重要的作用。对信号通路严格的控制对于生物体来说具有重要的意义,在JAK-Stat5信号通路中,以SOCS3为代表的SOCS家族对JAK-Stat5的负反馈调节具有重要作用。     

细胞因子信号转导负调控因子家族

JAK／STAT是细胞因子发挥生物学功能的重要信号转导途径。作为抑制JAK／STAT途径的蛋白质－细胞因子信号转导负调控因子SOCS家族,目前已知有8个成员,细胞因子通过JAK／STAT通路调节该家族蛋白表达。近年来基因敲除在SOCS研究领域的广泛应用初步阐明了SOCS在体内的生物学功能。     

细胞因子信号传导JAK／STAT途径的调控

JAK／STAT途径是多数细胞因子的信号传导途径,是阐明细胞因子生物学功能的分子基础。最近这条途径的调控机制逐渐被认识并引起人们的广泛关注。SOCS家族、PIAS家族、SHP－1、STATs天然突变体、去c－末端JAKs、AG－490、CAMP、钙离子载体霉素等多种因素参与了该途径的调控。     

SOCS超甲基化与肿瘤发生

细胞因子信号转导抑制分子(suppressor of cytokine signaling,SOCS)是一类在细胞信号转导过程中发挥重要作用的负调控因子,可抑制多种细胞因子的信号转导,从而实现对体内多种免疫反应的调控作用.近年来研究发现,SOCS启动子区域内CpG岛的超甲基化导致的基因转录沉默与多种肿瘤的发生密切相关.SOCS蛋白作为信号转导途径的负调节物,代表着一类肿瘤抑制基因,成为治疗肿瘤的新靶标.     

细胞因子信号阻抑蛋白SOCS家族

大量实验研究和临床观察资料证明,SOCS蛋白与细胞信号转导和多种重要疾病的发生发展有着密切的关系。同时随着对JAK／STAT通路和单个SOCS蛋白功能研究的深入,SOCS蛋白在辐射导致细胞周期阻滞信号传导以及与细胞DNA损伤和修复机制相关作用机理将成为未来的研究方向之一。近年来随着重离子治癌临床应用的展开,重离子对细胞辐射损伤和修复信号转导可能与SOCS蛋白相关的研究对于重离子的安全应用提供了理论和实验依据。     

Prerequisites for Functional Interleukin 31 Signaling and Its Feedback Regulation by Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3)

Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a T helper type 2 cell-derived cytokine tightly associated with inflammatory skin disorders. IL-31-induced signaling is mediated by a receptor complex composed of oncostatin M receptor β and the cytokine-specific receptor subunit IL-31Rα, of which there are several isoforms. The latter can be classified as long or short isoforms with respect to their intracellular domain. At present, the signaling capabilities of the different isoforms remain inchoately understood, and potential mechanisms involved in negative regulation of IL-31Rα signaling have so far not been studied in detail. Here, we show that both the long and short isoforms of IL-31Rα are capable of inducing STAT signaling. However, the presence of a functional JAK-binding box within IL-31Rα is an essential prerequisite for functional IL-31-mediated STAT3 signaling. Moreover, both the long and short isoforms require oncostatin M receptor β for their activity. We also show that IL-31 induces expression of four suppressor of cytokine signaling family members and provide evidence that SOCS3 acts as a potent feedback inhibitor of IL-31-induced signaling. Taken together, this study identifies crucial requirements for IL-31 signaling and shows its counter-regulation by SOCS3.     

The N-terminal domains of SOCS proteins: a conserved region in the disordered N-termini of SOCS4 and 5

Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins function as negative regulators of cytokine signaling and are involved in fine tuning the immune response. The structure and role of the SH2 domains and C‐terminal SOCS box motifs of the SOCS proteins are well characterized, but the long N‐terminal domains of SOCS4–7 remain poorly understood. Here, we present bioinformatic analyses of the N‐terminal domains of the mammalian SOCS proteins, which indicate that these domains of SOCS4, 5, 6, and 7 are largely disordered. We have also identified a conserved region of about 70 residues in the N‐terminal domains of SOCS4 and 5 that is predicted to be more ordered than the surrounding sequence. The conservation of this region can be traced as far back as lower vertebrates. As conserved regions with increased structural propensity that are located within long disordered regions often contain molecular recognition motifs, we expressed the N‐terminal conserved region of mouse SOCS4 for further analysis. This region, mSOCS4_86–155, has been characterized by circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, both of which indicate that it is predominantly unstructured in aqueous solution, although it becomes helical in the presence of trifluoroethanol. The high degree of sequence conservation of this region across different species and between SOCS4 and SOCS5 nonetheless implies that it has an important functional role, and presumably this region adopts a more ordered conformation in complex with its partners. The recombinant protein will be a valuable tool in identifying these partners and defining the structures of these complexes. Proteins 2011. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Understanding the role of SOCS signaling in neurodegenerative diseases: Current and emerging concepts

Suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins (SOCS) are a family of intracellular cytokine inducible proteins, consisting of eight members. They are involved in the complex control of the inflammatory response through their actions on various signaling pathways, including the JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways. A series of studies has shown that SOCS proteins are involved in the regulation and progression of immune responses in microglia cells. The accumulated data suggest that modulation of SOCS expression could be a target for drug development aimed at controlling inflammation in the brain. This review focuses on the current understanding of SOCS proteins involvement in inflammation-based neurodegenerative diseases and their role as therapeutic targets in future approaches.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of SOCS-2 from Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family members are key regulators of immunological homeostasis. In this study, we have discovered the SOCS-2 member from Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum and further analyzed its immune responses against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Amino acid sequence of RpSOCS-2 consists of cytokine inducible SRC homology 2 (SH2) and SOCS box domains similar to vertebrate SOCS counterparts. It has the highest amino acid identity (41%) with Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) SOCS-2 and showed close evolutional relationship with disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus) SOCS-2. Tissue specific expression results showed that RpSOCS-2 was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues with the highest level in gill tissue of un-challenged clams. RpSOCS-2 mRNA expression was up-regulated by LPS and poly I:C challenge in gills. Discovery of RpSOCS-2 homologue and expression analysis would support for understanding evolutional relationships and their role in innate immune responses in mollusks, respectively.