中国长腹扇偬属一新种（蜻蜒目：扇偬科）

中国长腹扇偬属一新种（蜻蜒目：扇偬科）王治国（河南省科学院,河南省郑州市４５０００３）关键词蜻蜒目,扇偬科,六斑长腔　,新种,中国本文报道采自河南省奕川县长腹扇属Ｃｏｅｌｉｃｃｉａ１新种,模式标本保存于河南省科学院生物研究所。六斑长腹Ｃｏｅｌｉｃｃｉ...     

寄生于大鳍Hu的Hu鱼鳋的生态研究

Hu鱼鳋能在16度以上的适宜水温中繁殖,在25度左右,繁殖快,感染力强;Hu鱼鳋的感染有明显的季节变化,这是由外界因素（如水温,水质和水体流速等）的变化以及它的繁殖和感染力的变化所引起的;Hu鱼鳋的频数在宿主种群中呈负二项分布;Hu鱼鳋的感染可能引起大鳍Hu产生的抵抗力,抵抗力的强度随感染次数和感染强度增加而增强;在天然条件下,影响Hu鱼鳋种群消长的主要因素是非密度制约因素和大鳍Hu的免疫反应。     

陕西原Hu一新种记述（蜻蜓目：原Hu科）

本文报道采自陕西省镇巴县的原Ｈｕ科一新种：汉中原ＨｕＰｒｏｄａｓｉｎｅｕｒａ ｈａｎｚｈｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

扇蕨配子体发育与濒危机制的探讨

采用改良Knop’s固体培养基、原生境腐殖质土和红壤分别培养扇蕨（Neocheiropteris palmatopedate）孢子,光学显微镜及解剖镜下观察记录其孢子萌发及配子体发育过程,比较了3种培养方法对其配子体发育和有性繁殖的影响,并在此基础上探讨了扇蕨的濒危原因。结果表明：成熟孢子黄褐色,赤道面观为豆形,极面观椭圆形,单裂缝。孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型,原叶体发育为槲蕨型。成熟原叶体呈心脏形。毛状体在原叶体阶段出现。有性生殖周期长及配子体发育成幼孢子体的百分率低是扇蕨在配子体世代的主要濒危原因。此外,红壤固有的理化性质导致扇蕨配子体发育极其缓慢、精子器和颈卵器发生的时间间隔过长使其不能受精产生孢子体。原生植被遭受破坏引起的林下腐殖质土消失、红壤裸露,加剧了扇蕨的濒危。     

打孔注药防治杨树分月扇舟蛾试验

<正> 近几年来,四川省引种意大利杨树Ⅰ-63、Ⅰ-69、Ⅰ-72、Ⅰ-214等品种,这些树种生长快,干形直,容易繁殖,适应性强,深受群众欢迎。但这些树常受分月扇舟蛾Clostera anastomosis(Linnaeus)和杨扇舟蛾C. anachoreta(Fabri-     

中国真扇毛螨属记述(蜱螨亚纲,肉食螨科)

记述了中国真扇毛螨属6个种,其中包括1新种缺毛真扇毛螨Eucheyletia omissa sp.nov.和中国1新纪录种比氏真扇毛螨Eucheyletia bishoppi Baker,1949;并列出了中国真扇毛螨属种检索表.     

青藏高原扇穗茅高寒草原的基本特点

 扇穗茅(Littledalea racemosa)是青藏高原特有的疏丛短根茎禾草,主要生长在昆仑山以南的高原东北部的高寒草原带到高寒灌丛草甸带。它耐寒、耐贫瘠,水分生态适应幅度较广。扇穗茅草原是中国科学院、青海省可可西里综合科学考察队1990年考察后首次报道的一个高原特有的高寒草原群系。它主要分布在青海西南部的昆仑山以南、沱沱河以北、乌兰乌拉山和可可西里山以东地区。其群落的种类组成比较简单,约40余种。植物区系地理成分以青藏高原成分占优势,还有中亚成分和北温带成分。生活型组成以地面芽植物为主,一年生植物仅记录到一种,没有高位芽植物。植物生态类型全部是适应高寒气候生长的植物,水分生态类型以寒旱生植物为主,其次为寒中旱生植物。群落结构随环境条件的变化而有较大的差异。群落盖度一般在8月中旬最高,约为10—34%,扇穗茅一般占1／3以上。 扇穗茅草原是青藏高原有蹄类动物,如野牦牛、藏野驴、藏羚等国家一类珍稀野生保护动物和盘羊等二类珍稀野生保护动物的重要活动场所之一,对于这些动物的生存具有重要的意义。     

扇脊姬蜂属一新种：膜翅目：姬蜂科

本文记述扇脊姬蜂属Ａｌｃｏｃｈｅｒａ Ｆｏｅｒｓｔｅｒ１新种－白颈扇脊姬蜂Ａｌｃｏｃｈｅｒａ ａｌ－ｂｉｃｅｒｕｉｃａｌｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎ．。模式标本保存在林业部森林病虫害防治总结。     

杨扇舟蛾天敌种类调查初报

杨扇舟蛾Clostera anachoreta(Fabricius)是杨树食叶害虫中分布广泛、发生面积大,危害濒繁、蔓延迅速的虫种,常爆发成灾,在短期内吃光叶片,对树木生长影响极大.近年来,在山东发生面积常高达百余万亩,造成巨大的经济损失.为更好地利用天敌防治该虫,笔者于1998年～2000年对其天敌种类和作用进行了调查.     

扇脊姬蜂属及一新种记述（膜翅目：姬蜂科）

扇脊姬蜂属分布于古北区和东洋区的北缘。迄今为止,已定名的有３种：白颈扇脊姬蜂Ａ．ａｌｂｉｃｅｒｕｉｃａｌｉｓ Ｓｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｆａｎ １９９５、尼扇脊姬蜂Ａ．ｎｉｋｋｏｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｕｃｈｉｄａ,１９３０）和黄扇脊姬蜂Ａ．ｆｌａｖｉｐｅｓ（Ｇｒａｖｅｎｈｏｒｓｔ,１８２９）,第１种分布于中国（沈阳）,第２种分布于中国（福建）和日本,第３种分布于德国。本文记述发现于中国贵州的１个新种：等扇脊姬蜂Ａｌ     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.