吉林省典型湿地生态评价

湿地生态评价是湿地景观规划、管理和保护的基础,以湿地功能为基本线索,以植被为标志,建立湿地生态评价目标系统(包括湿地生态系统服务功能、湿地生态保护功能和湿地资源等3个综合指标,其中还包括15个生态评价因子).通过运用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process简称AHP)对生态评价因子的等级化处理,评价指标权重的确定,计算出各生态评价因子的综合评价指数(CEI).根据综合评价指数将吉林省典型湿地划分为3种不同湿地生态现状类型,即当CEI＞0.7时,表示湿地生态环境质量较好,依次是莫莫格湿地、长白山湿地、三湖湿地和向海湿地;当0.7＞CEI＞0.5时,表示湿地生态环境质量一般,依次是敬信湿地和查干湖湿地;当CEI＜0.5时,表示湿地生态环境质量较差,依次是大布苏湿地.在此基础上,提出区域湿地的有序开发与环境保护协调发展的基本思路.     

吉林省典型湿地生态评价

湿地生态评价是湿地景观规划,管理和保护的基础,以湿地功能为基本线索,以植被为标志,建立湿地生态评价目标系统（包括湿地生态系统服务功能,湿地生态保护功能和湿地资源等3个综合指标,其中还包括15个生态评价因子）,通过运用层次分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process简称AHP）对生态评价因子的等级化处理,评价指标权重的确定,计算出各生态评价因子的综合评价指数（CEI）,根据综合评价指数将吉林省典型湿地划分为3种不同湿地生态现状类型,即当CEI＞0．7时,表示湿地生态环境质量较好,依次是莫莫格湿地,长白山湿地,三湖湿地和向海湿地;当0．7＞CDI＞0．5时,表示湿地生态环境质量一般,依次是敬信湿地和查干湖湿地,当CEI＜0．5时,表示湿地生态环境质量较差,依次是大布苏湿地,在此基础上,提出区域湿地的有序开发与环境保护协调发展的基本思路。     

我国湿地生态状况评价研究进展

从湿地生态状况评价定义、国际重要湿地和全国重点湿地生态状况和主要评价方法等方面研究综述了我国湿地生态状况评价。对全国1413处湿地生态状况的研究显示,国际重要湿地生态状况总体较好,重点湿地生态状况较差,生态状况差有341处,占24.85%,并系统分析了各类湿地生态状况评价的方法、内容和结果。认为湿地生态状况评价是满足湿地保护管理需求的一项基本技术研究工作,开展湿地生态状况评价可以从不同空间、时间尺度反映湿地生态变化趋势,满足湿地生态系统保护修复的管理要求,并揭示各生态因子的内在关系,是提高湿地的保护、管理和合理开发的重要技术手段。最后分析了当前湿地生态状况评价所面临的难点,并提出了相关对策建议。     

RS和GIS支持的洪河地区湿地生态健康评价

洪泛平原淡水自然湿地对于生态多样性保护具有重要意义。当前自然湿地普遍面临气候变化与人类活动干扰和影响,其生态健康的状况令人担忧,结合新的地学信息技术探索自然湿地生态健康评价分析方法具有重要意义。本研究选择位于三江平原东北部的洪河国家级自然保护区湿地及其周边农场湿地为研究区,依据遥感和地理信息系统技术支持,结合野外生态调查与水文气象监测数据,从水文地貌特征、景观特征和人类扰动3方面选取一系列评价指标因子,利用层次分析法和综合指数方法,对研究区湿地进行了定量生态健康分析评价。研究结果表明：（1）洪河自然保护区的湿地生态健康状况是最好的,其周边农场从鸭绿河农场、前锋农场到洪河农场的湿地生态健康状况依次递减。（2）洪河自然保护区功能分区生态健康状况由好到差的顺序为：核心区>缓冲区>实验区,与实际野外调查情况一致。（3）本研究建立的评价指标体系和相应分析方法能够科学的评价湿地生态健康。评价分析结果显示水文地貌要素是影响湿地生态健康的关键性因素。本研究利用RS和GIS技术与传统生态学评价分析方法结合,以栅格为单位基于区域生境特征进行湿地生态健康综合评价具有一定的方法先进性。     

湿地生态水文模型研究进展

建立湿地生态因素和水文因素之间的响应模型是当前湿地研究的一个新领域,可为湿地的保护、评价和管理提供科学依据。本文依据湿地生态水文过程特征,将湿地生态水文模型分为湿地生态水分循环估算模型、湿地生态水文化学过程模拟模型和湿地生物对水文过程的响应模型,综述了当前湿地生态水文模型的研究进展,并在此基础上探讨了湿地生态水文模型的研究重点和发展趋势。     

基于水文地貌分类的滨海湿地生态功能评价——以盐城滨海湿地为例

盐城滨海湿地生态功能的空间差异对该区的保护/开发具有重要的指导意义,水文地貌分类为生态功能的评价提供了良好的前提条件。根据盐城滨海湿地2006-2007年Alos遥感影像数据制作湿地景观图,同时通过DEM和水文水动力条件图,借助Arcgis9.2的空间分析功能确定水文地貌单元(HGMU)。在此基础上,利用实地调查数据和湿地景观数据对不同水文地貌单元的湿地生态功能进行评价。结果表明:(1)盐城海滨湿地包括7类水文地貌单元(HGMU),不同HGMU生态系统类型差异较大;(2)同种HGMU生态功能基本处于同一等级,不同HGMU的生态功能差异明显;(3)盐城海滨湿地不同HGMU单元生态功能由大到小排序为:淡水双向-冲积区(河口)、海水天双向-泥粉砂带、海水月双向-泥滩带、海水年双向-草滩带、淡水单向-冲积区、淡水单向-海积区和淡水单向-冲积海积区。其中,河口湿地、淤泥质滩涂和草滩带湿地在维护盐城海滨湿地生态功能中具有重要地位。     

基于景观格局的胶州湾大沽河口湿地生态安全

以胶州湾大沽河口湿地为研究区,利用TM遥感影像为数据源,运用ENVI 4.4软件在GIS技术支持下,提取1986、2002和2010年研究区自然湿地、人工湿地、非湿地3大景观类型的空间信息;运用景观格局指数原理和方法构建生态安全指数,定量分析研究区景观动态变化,阐明景观格局变化下,生态安全状况及驱动机制.结果表明:1986-2010年,研究区在自然与人为双重干扰下陆地面积萎缩,斑块数增多,优势景观消失,景观趋于复杂化、破碎化、分离化;1986-2010年,人类活动对景观干扰愈加明显,景观干扰指数与生态安全指数存在负相关性,研究区各景观损失度上升,生态安全指数下降,其中以自然湿地中河流与河口湿地和芦苇湿地景观的恶化程度最大.基于面积因素构建的各景观生态安全度依次为:非湿地＞人工湿地＞自然湿地;新建并发育的人工林景观和新整合的少海东湖人工湿地公园,在一定程度上弥补了研究区的生态损失,缓和了生态保护与经济发展之间的矛盾,探索出一条湿地保护新型道路.     

双台河口湿地景观及生态干扰度的动态变化

建立自然保护区的主要目的是使区内自然资源免受人为干扰,维持其重要的生态服务功能.本文借助遥感技术,引入生态干扰度（hemeroby）概念,系统地评价了辽宁双台河口湿地自然保护区及其邻近地区景观格局和生态干扰度的动态变化特征.首先应用专家经验知识将景观类型按生态干扰程度分为全干扰型、半干扰型和无干扰型等3个一级类型,在此基础上细分为30个二级景观类型;再通过问卷调查和专家判别,确定各景观类型的生态干扰度指数（hemeroby index）,制定景观分类系统.并结合1987年4月30日、1995年6月7日、2000年6月12日、2006年10月11日等4期TM（ETM⁺）遥感影像,获得景观分类图和干扰度指数.结果表明：从1987-2006年,1）保护区及其临近地区景观呈现破碎化趋势,其中以保护区的芦苇湿地最为明显;2）研究区内无干扰类型的景观进一步被开发成半干扰和全干扰类型景观;3）干扰度指数空间分布的总特征是河口地区和河道的生态干扰度跳跃性最大,而城市周围的生态干扰度最高,其原因主要是城市化进程的不断推进和渔业的大规模发展.     

张掖黑河湿地自然保护区生态服务功能价值评估

张掖黑河湿地国家级自然保护区地处内陆干旱区,是西北典型的内陆河流湿地生态系统,具有多种重要的生态服务功能。通过野外调查和实验室分析,借助市场价值法、碳税法、影子工程法、生态价值法、旅行费用法等生态服务功能评估方法,对研究区湿地的各项生态功能进行了价值估算。结果表明,黑河湿地自然保护区生态服务功能总价值约为32.89×108元,其中各生态服务功能的价值量依次为:调蓄洪水功能湿地固碳释氧功能旅游休闲功能提供水源功能气候调节功能物质生产功能生物栖息地功能科研教育价值功能降解污染物功能。直观的货币价值突显了保护区湿地对区域经济发展的重要性,同时也为我国湿地生态系统的保护和管理提供科学的理论依据。     

基于水文地貌法模型的城市湿地水环境功能评估——以南京仙林典型湿地为例

我国正处于快速城市化发展过程中,许多湿地被改造利用成为城市湿地。如何科学评估城市湿地功能及其改变程度,是科学认识城市湿地的重要内容。基于水文地貌法,通过选取区域受城市化影响小、生态系统结构与功能接近于自然湿地的湿地作为参考湿地,利用遥感和GIS的手段以及野外实地调查方法,从湿地水环境功能角度,对南京仙林区域内典型城市湿地的水环境特征与功能进行评估。结果表明:(1)城市湿地水环境功能明显降低,其蓄水功能、净水功能、水文调节功能明显低于参考湿地;(2)受城市化景观复杂性影响,城市湿地水环境功能的改变程度呈现个性化特征,纪家边、采月湖和西湖西这3个湿地可以作为城市化过程中湿地改造的典范。这一结论可为城市化区域内湿地的合理开发利用以及湿地的保护、恢复提供科学依据。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.