猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒GP5蛋白原核表达初步研究

猪繁殖与呼吸综合症是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(Porcine reprodutive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)引发的病毒性传染病,病症主要表现为怀孕母猪早产、流产、木乃伊胎以及仔猪呼吸症状和高死亡率[1,2].该病于1987年首先在美国爆发[3],1990年德国亦发现此病,并迅速传播到欧洲其他国家.我国在1996年报道有该病流行[4],由于该病的迅速蔓延使整个世界养猪业遭受了巨大的经济损失.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒GP5蛋白原核表达初步研究

猪繁殖与呼吸综合症是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(Porcine reprodutive and respiratory syn-drome virus,PRRSV)引发的病毒性传染病,病症主要表现为怀孕母猪早产、流产、木乃伊胎以及仔猪呼吸症状和高死亡率[1,2]。该病于1987年首先在美国爆发[3],1990年德国亦发现此病,并迅速传播到欧洲其他国家。我国在1996年报道有该病流行[4],由于该病的迅速蔓延使整个世界养猪业遭受了巨大的经济损失。PRRSV属于动脉炎病毒科(Arteriviridae)成员,为有囊膜的单股正链RNA病毒,基因组为15Kb,含有7个开放阅读框, ORF ( Open readingframes,ORF),…     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒华东地区分离株RT-PCR-RFLP分析

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)是猪的一种重要传染性疾病病原,已给世界养猪业带来了巨大的经济损失.其主要临床表现为妊娠期母猪的早产、流产、产死胎、弱胎、木乃伊胎,新生仔猪肺炎、生长迟缓.PRRSV为动脉炎病毒科动脉炎病毒属成员.病毒有囊膜、呈球形,基因组为单股正链RNA,大小约15kb,含有8个开放阅读框(ORF),其中ORF1(包括ORF1a和ORF1b)编码病毒RNA复制酶;ORF2-7分别编码病毒结构蛋白:GP2、GP3、GP4、GP5、M和N蛋白.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)诱发的一种接触性传染病,其症状主要表现为怀孕母猪流产、早产、产死胎、木乃伊胎及成年猪的呼吸道症状。本病自1987年在美国爆发后,给世界养猪业造成巨大损失。近年来,由于其危害性大而引起专家学者的关注,PRRS在分子生物学方面研究者较多。就其病原特性,基因结构,病毒蛋白,分子生物学诊断以及PRRS基因工程疫苗的研究等方面进行论述。     

应用RT-PCR检测流产胎儿组织中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒

根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)美洲型膜蛋白和核衣壳蛋白基因序列,设计了一对含有EcoR I和BamH I酶切位点的引物,用RT-PCR对四个流产猪场的病料进行了检测,扩增出约918 bp的基因片段.通过病毒分离、酶切鉴定和序列分析证实为PRRSV感染.结果说明应用所设计的引物进行RT-PCR快速检测PRRS是可行的,为我国快速特异诊断PRRS和PRRSV强毒株的深入研究奠定了基础.     

重组腺病毒载体表达的α干扰素对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒复制的抑制作用

目的:研究猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)新的防治方法.方法:利用表达猪α干扰素的重组腺病毒(rAd-IFNα),通过病毒滴度、间接免疫荧光试验和实时定量RT-PCR检测,在Marc-145细胞上观察其对高致病性PRRSV SY0608株的复制抑制作用.结果:将rAd-IFNα接种细胞后24h,再感染PRRSV,可以有效阻止PRRSV造成的细胞病变,PRRSV滴度和mRNA水平明显降低;该抑制作用随rAd-IFNα接种剂量的增加而增强,但随病毒培养时间延长而逐渐减弱.此外,将PRRSV感染细胞后24h,再接种rAd-IFNα,仍可以有效降低PRRSV滴度和mRNA水平,并且rAd-IFNα对PRRSV传统毒株S1株同样具有明显的抑制作用.结论:rAd-IFNα可以有效抑制PRRSV在Marc-145细胞上复制,为PRRSV的防治提供了理论依据.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病RT-PCR快速鉴别诊断方法的建立与临床应用

根据高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)Nsp2基因的缺失信息,设计了3条特异性引物,以含高致病性PRRSV Nsp2基因的质粒pMDNSP2及普通PRRSV VR2332株RNA为模板,建立了快速诊断高致病性PRRSV RT-PCR方法.通过对临床组织病料的总RNA进行不同稀释倍数检测,结果表明该方法能从0.265 pg的总RNA中检测到PRRSV的基因,说明敏感性高.用该方法对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、Ⅱ型圆环病毒(PCV-2)、伪狂犬病病毒(PRV),链球菌(Streptococcus)、副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)同条件检测,结果都为阴性.进一步对36份疑似高致病性PRRSV临床组织病料细胞培养物、2株PRRSV商品活疫苗以及52个猪场所送检的184份临床样品进行了检测应用,结果36份疑似高致病性PRRSV临床组织病料的细胞培养物有5份样品为阳性且都为高致病性PRRSV,2株PRRSV商品活疫苗为普通PRRSV,52个猪场中有42个猪场(123份样品)呈阳性,其中只有1份为普通PRRSV.实验表明该方法能够准确地鉴别诊断高致病性PRRSV和普通PRRSV,且具有快速,敏感和特异的特点,具有临床实用性.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是严重危害养猪业的病原,对PRRSV的分子生物学研究进展进行了综述,主要包括PRRSV的基因组结构、病毒的非结构蛋白和结构蛋白及其功能、致病机理及复制与转录等.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒侵入和释放依赖细胞膜胆固醇

胆固醇是细胞膜脂质的重要组成成分.目前的研究发现细胞膜胆固醇在病毒的感染中扮演十分重要的作用.本研究对细胞膜胆固醇在猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）感染MARC-145细胞中的作用进行了探讨.通过TCID50检测和Real-Time RT-PCR分析发现,用胆固醇萃取剂甲基-β-环糊精预处理消除细胞膜胆固醇可显著抑制PRRSV的感染,并呈剂量依赖性;而补充外源性胆固醇后可部分恢复PRRSV的感染性,提示PRRSV感染能力的下降确实是由于细胞膜胆固醇的去除而导致的.进一步的研究证实,细胞膜胆固醇的去除对PRRSV感染性的影响主要是通过影响PRRSV的侵入和释放过程.上述结果表明,细胞膜胆固醇是影响PRRSV感染的一个重要因子.     

猪圆环病毒2型、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒及猪细小病毒混合感染的流行病学调查

根据GenBank上发表的PRRSV ORF7、PPV VP2及PCV的基因组序列设计合成引物,建立了分别用于检测PRRSV、PPV和PCV的RT-PCR、PCR及复合PCR方法.应用建立的复合PCR方法对送检的127份病料进行了PCV的检测,对鉴定为PCV2阳性的67份病料再分别进行PRRSV和PPV的检测,以确定猪群中PCV2与PRRSV和/或PPV混合感染情况,结果表明,35份样品表现为PRRSV与PCV2混合感染,占样品总数的52.3%;18份样品表现为PCV2与PPV混合感染,占26.9%.另外,还有一定比例的三重感染,共5个样品,占7.5%.由此可见,猪群中PCV2与PRRSV及PPV混合感染比较普遍.     

Characterization of emerging European-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in the United States

European-like field isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have recently emerged in North America. The full-length genomic sequence of an index isolate characterized in 1999, strain EuroPRRSV, served as the reference strain for further studies of the evolution and epidemiology of European-like isolates (type 1) in the United States. Strain EuroPRRSV shared 90.1 to 100% amino acid identity with the prototype European strain, Lelystad, within the structural and nonstructural open reading frames (ORFs) and 95.3% overall nucleotide identity. The 5' untranslated region and two nonstructural regions within ORF 1 were closely examined due to significant divergence from strain Lelystad. A 51-bp deletion in a region within ORF 1a, coding for nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2), was observed. Sequence analysis of the structural ORFs 2 to 7 of additional European-like isolates indicated that these isolates share 93% nucleotide identity with one another and 95 to 96% identity with the Lelystad strain but only 70% identity with the North American reference strain VR-2332. Phylogenetic analysis with published PRRSV ORF 3, 5, and 7 nucleotide sequences indicated that these newly emerging isolates form a clade with the Lelystad and United Kingdom PRRSV isolates. Detailed analysis of four of these isolates with a panel of 60 monoclonal antibodies directed against the structural proteins confirmed a recognition pattern that was more consistent with strain Lelystad than with other North American isolates.     

Protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by recombinant OprF-pulsed dendritic cell immunization

Background

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has now been widely recognized as an economically important disease. The objective of this study was to compare the molecular and biological characteristics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) field isolates in China to those of the modified live virus (MLV) PRRS vaccine and its parent strain (ATCC VR2332).

Results

Five genes (GP2, GP3, GP4, GP5 and NSP2) of seven isolates of PRRSV from China, designated LS-4, HM-1, HQ-5, HQ-6, GC-2, GCH-3 and ST-7/2008, were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nucleotide sequence of the ORF2-5 and NSP2 showed that the seven Chinese isolates belonged to the same genetic subgroup and were related to the North American PRRSV genotype. Comparative analysis with the relevant sequences of another Chinese isolate (BJ-4) and North American (VR2332 and MLV) viruses revealed that these isolates have 80.8-92.9% homology with VR-2332, and 81.3-98.8% identity with MLV and 80.7-92.9% with BJ-4. All Nsp2 nonstructural protein of these seven isolates exhibited variations (a 29 amino acids deletion) in comparison with other North American PRRSV isolates. Therefore, these isolates were novel strain with unique amino acid composition. However, they all share more than 97% identity with other highly pathogenic Chinese PRRSV strains. Additionally, there are extensive amino acid (aa) mutations in the GP5 protein and the Nsp2 protein when compared with the previous isolates.

Conclusions

These results might be useful to study the genetic diversity of PRRSV in China and to track the infection sources as well as for vaccines development.     

Analysis of molecular variation in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China between 2007 and 2012

In the present study, 89 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in China during 2007 to 2012 were randomly selected from the GenBank genetic sequence database. Evolutionary characteristics of these isolates were analyzed based on the sequences of non-structural protein 2 (Nsp2) and glycoprotein 5 (GP5). The genetic variations of the isolates were also compared with six representative strains. The results showed that a high degree of genetic diversity exists among the PRRSV population in China. Highly pathogenic PRRSV isolates, with a discontinuous deletion of a 30 amino acid residue in the Nsp2 region, remained the most dominant virus throughout 2007–2012 in China. Owing to the extensive use of representative vaccine strains, natural recombination events occurred between strains. Three isolates — HH08, DY, and YN-2011 — were more closely related to vaccine strains than the other isolates. Both YN-2011 and DY were the evolutionary products of recombination events between strains SP and CH-1R. The results of the present study provide useful information for the epidemiology of PRRSV as well as for vaccine development.     

Complete Genome Sequence of Two Variant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses Isolated from Vaccinated Piglets

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to affect the Chinese swine industry. Since 2006, variant PRRSV strains sharing two unique discontinuous deletions of 30 amino acids in the nonstructural protein Nsp2 have become dominant in Chinese swine herds and have caused huge economic losses to the swine industry in China. Here we report the complete genome sequence of two novel PRRSV variants isolated from vaccinated piglets with additional amino acid deletions in Nsp2.     

Complete Genome Sequence of a Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus NM1 Strain from Northern China

NM1 is a highly pathogenic North American-type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The complete genome sequence shows that NM1 shares high sequence identity (99.2 to 99.4%) to other HP-PRRSV isolates, containing two discontinuous deletions, a 1-amino-acid deletion at position 481 and a 29-amino-acid deletion at positions 533 to 651, in nonstructural protein 2.     

Nsp9 and Nsp10 Contribute to the Fatal Virulence of Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Emerging in China

Atypical porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is caused by the Chinese highly pathogenic PRRS virus (HP-PRRSV), has resulted in large economic loss to the swine industry since its outbreak in 2006. However, to date, the region(s) within the viral genome that are related to the fatal virulence of HP-PRRSV remain unknown. In the present study, we generated a series of full-length infectious cDNA clones with swapped coding regions between the highly pathogenic RvJXwn and low pathogenic RvHB-1/3.9. Next, the in vitro and in vivo replication and pathogenicity for piglets of the rescued chimeric viruses were systematically analyzed and compared with their backbone viruses. First, we swapped the regions including the 5′UTR+ORF1a, ORF1b, and structural proteins (SPs)-coding region between the two viruses and demonstrated that the nonstructural protein-coding region, ORF1b, is directly related to the fatal virulence and increased replication efficiency of HP-PRRSV both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we substituted the nonstructural protein (Nsp) 9-, Nsp10-, Nsp11- and Nsp12-coding regions separately; or Nsp9- and Nsp10-coding regions together; or Nsp9-, Nsp10- and Nsp11-coding regions simultaneously between the two viruses. Our results indicated that the HP-PRRSV Nsp9- and Nsp10-coding regions together are closely related to the replication efficiency in vitro and in vivo and are related to the increased pathogenicity and fatal virulence for piglets. Our findings suggest that Nsp9 and Nsp10 together contribute to the fatal virulence of HP-PRRSV emerging in China, helping to elucidate the pathogenesis of this virus.     

Genetic diversity of the ORF5 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in southwest China from 2007 to 2009

To gain insight into the molecular epidemiology and possible mechanisms of genetic variation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in Yunnan Province of China, the ORF5 gene of 32 PRRSV isolates from clinical samples collected from 2007 to 2009 were sequenced and analyzed. Nucleotide and amino acid analyses were carried out on 32 isolates and representative strains of the North American genotype, European genotype and two representative Chinese isolates. Results revealed that these isolates share 86.9-99.0% nucleotide and 87.5-98.0% amino acid identity with VR-2332 the prototypical North American PRRSV, 61.7-62.9% and 54.3-57.8% with Lelystad virus (LV) the representative strain of European genotype, 91.2-95.4% and 90.0-94.5% with CH-1a that was isolated in mainland China in 1996, 88.1-99.3% and 85.5-99.0% with JX-A1 the representative strain of High pathogenic PRRSV in China, and 86.2-99.8% and 85.5-100.0% between isolated strains of different years, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 32 PRRSV isolates belonged to the North American genotype and were further divided into two different subgenotypes. Subgenotype 1 comprised twenty two Yunnan isolates which divided into two branches. Subgenotype 2 comprised ten isolates which closely related to the RespPRRS vaccine and its parent strain VR-2332. The functional domains of GP5 such as the signal peptide, ectodomain, transmembrane regions and endodomain were identified and some motifs in GP5 with known functions, such as primary neutralizing epitope (PNE) and decoy epitope were also further analyzed. Our study shown the great genetic diversity of PRRSV in southwest China, rendering the guide for control and prevention of this disease.     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolated in Vietnam

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important swine pathogens because it is highly infectious and causes economic losses due to decreased pig productivity. In this study, the 603 bp complete major envelope protein encoding gene (ORF5) of 32 field PRRSV isolates from Vietnam collected during 2008–2012 were sequenced and analyzed. Multiple nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) alignments of ORF5 were performed on the 32 isolates: the representative strains (European and North American genotypes), Chinese strains available in GenBank and vaccine strains licensed for use in Vietnam. The results showed 94.8–100.0% nt identity and 94.0–100% aa similarity among the 32 isolates. These isolates shared similarities with the prototype of the North American PRRSV strain (VR‐2332; nt 87.8–89.3%, aa 87.5–90.0%), and Lelystat virus, the prototype of the European PRRSV strain (LV; nt 61.1–61.9%, aa 55.1‐57.0%). There was greater similarity with QN07 (nt 96.5‐98.5%, aa 96.0‐99.0%) from the 2007 PRRS outbreak in QuangNam Province, CH‐1a (nt 93.2–95.1%, 91.5–93.5%) isolated in China in 1995 and JXA1 (nt 96.5–98.6%, aa 95.0–98.0%), the highly pathogenic strain from China isolated in 2006. The Vietnamese isolates were more similar to JXA1‐R (nt 96.5–98.6%, aa 95.0–98.0%), the strain used in Chinese vaccines, than to Ingelvac MLV/BSL‐PS (nt 87.2–89.0%, aa 86.0–89.0%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 32 isolates were of the North American genotype and classified into sub‐lineage 8.7. This sub‐lineage contains highly pathogenic Chinese PRRSV strains. This study documents genetic variation in circulating PRRSV strains and could assist more effective use of PRRS vaccines in Vietnam.